In 2008, a sudden earthquake disaster affected the hearts of the Chinese people. Even if we think back on it 13 years later, we still feel frightened. How can we reduce or even prevent such human tragedies from happening again? Natural disasters may be difficult to predict, but can we try to avoid man-made disasters? If our buildings were more earthquake-resistant, would more lives be lost? As an incubation and cooperation platform in the construction field, China Construction Fubon takes advantage of such a special day to discuss with everyone how to enhance the earthquake resistance of buildings.
Putting aside the earthquake energy, whether a building will collapse again mainly involves three factors:
[ 1. Site selection]
The overall seismic performance of buildings on weak foundations will be poor, and the seismic performance of buildings built on uneven geological conditions will be even worse. Most of this phenomenon will be discovered during geological surveys and require treatment or relocation.
[ 2. Design ]
Whether a house is earthquake-resistant or not, and how many levels of intensity it can withstand is determined by the design. Our country has a division of seismic fortification standards for each region. Most areas are based on 6 degrees of seismic fortification. For mega cities or important buildings, the local seismic fortification standards will be raised by one degree.
[ 3. Construction quality ]
Whether the building can reach the designed earthquake resistance level, in addition to whether the design is reasonable, is also a matter of construction quality. Since the first two have strict standards, we will focus on which technologies can improve earthquake resistance during the construction stage.
(1) Basic seismic isolation and anti-seismic technology
This technology mainly consists of support swing isolation, rubber isolation and other technologies. During the construction process, construction personnel need to take anti-seismic construction measures for the foundation position and build isolation devices that can transmit seismic energy upwards to effectively control the vibrations caused by seismic waves to the building and reduce damage to the building as much as possible. At present, in addition to the application of this anti-seismic technology in reinforced concrete and masonry structures, this technology can also be applied to reinforced concrete structures, and better anti-seismic effects can be achieved by using seismic isolation materials with excellent performance.
(2) Energy-consuming seismic reduction and anti-seismic technology
During the application process of this technology, components that can consume energy need to be used and installed at specific locations inside the building to achieve the purpose of improving the damping value of the building, so that the building can effectively consume a large amount of seismic wave energy. Components generally have elastic characteristics. If the earthquake disaster level is small, the lateral stiffness of the building will change under dynamic action, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the deformation of the building. If a building suffers a severe earthquake disaster, the components will behave in an inelastic state, which will significantly increase the damping value of the building, allowing it to absorb a large amount of energy and effectively reduce the vibration of the entire building. Therefore, energy-consuming components are the key to the function of this technology, and the components used generally have lower costs and longer lifespans, so they can be used more in current building construction, such as using viscoelastic damping , frictional energy-consuming anti-seismic devices, etc.
(3) Application of semi-active and active control technology
When applying semi-active technology, it is necessary to first adjust the parameters of the building structure in accordance with the relevant requirements of the relevant seismic grade standards, and use the control components as the adjustment carrier. There is no need to use too much external energy. It only needs to use weak current such as lead-acid batteries to meet its power needs. When applying semi-active technology, the circuit breaker needs to be used as a control component to control the entire control system based on the circuit breaker device, thus causing significant changes in the dynamic characteristics of the building structure. At present, equipment such as changeable devices and controllable liquid damping are semi-active control devices that are widely used. Active control shock absorption technology has a large demand for external energy. When seismic waves arrive, it will generate a reverse force and interact with seismic waves to achieve anti-seismic purposes.
(4) Seismic reinforcement technology
During the seismic construction process of a building, in addition to the reasonable application of the above seismic technologies, it is also necessary to strengthen the entire building. Construction through masonry, concrete steel frame, etc. can also effectively improve the seismic resistance of the building. In terms of masonry reinforcement, the construction unit uses steel mesh cement mortar to reinforce the building. Specifically, cement mortar needs to be laid first to achieve the purpose of fastening the entire building and effectively prevent wall cracks and water seepage and leakage. The steel mesh is then used as a protective layer for the building components. However, this anti-seismic measure lacks basic operation links, so its anti-seismic technology can only be applied to areas with smaller earthquake levels. In addition, you can also add seismic wall at the corresponding location of the building. This wall has the same requirements as the relevant seismic grade and can effectively resist high-level earthquakes after completion. If the building itself has high historical value, polymer mortar should be selected to improve the building's earthquake resistance.
Current anti-seismic technology has been widely used, and the overall quality of buildings has been significantly improved. In addition, many buildings in earthquake-prone areas have also activated earthquake alarm systems. As a construction company, we should always put the safety of people's lives first, fully integrate architectural design requirements during the construction process, and rationally apply relevant earthquake reduction and earthquake prevention measures to ensure construction quality so that historical tragedies such as the Wenchuan earthquake will never happen again.
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