According to China Earthquake Network measurement, at 12:52 on September 5, 2022, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurred in Luding County, Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province, with a depth of 16 kilometers. After receiving the report, the Office of the State Council Earthquake Rescue Command and the Ministry of Emergency Management immediately launched the National Earthquake Emergency Emergency Response, the National Disaster Reduction Committee and the Ministry of Emergency Management activate the National Level IV disaster relief emergency response, and the Department of Emergency Management immediately launched the Level II response . What are the levels of emergency response? What does different levels of emergency response represent? Why are the national response levels different from those in Sichuan Province? Let’s learn about it together.
Earthquake Disaster Classification:
Earthquake Disaster is divided into four levels: particularly serious, major, large, and general.
(1) A particularly serious earthquake disaster refers to an earthquake disaster that causes more than 300 deaths (including missing) or direct economic losses to occupy more than 21% of the GDP of the province (autonomous region, municipality) in the last year.
When an earthquake of magnitude 7.0 or above occurs in densely populated areas and an earthquake of magnitude 6.0 or above occurs in densely populated areas, it is initially judged as a particularly serious earthquake disaster.
(2) Major earthquake disaster refers to earthquake disasters that cause more than 50 people and less than 300 deaths (including missing) or cause serious economic losses.
When earthquakes above magnitude 6.0 or above and below magnitude 7.0 occur in densely populated areas, and earthquakes above magnitude 5.0 or above and below magnitude 6.0 occur in densely populated areas. It is initially judged as a major earthquake disaster.
(3) Large earthquake disasters refer to earthquake disasters that cause more than 10 people and less than 50 people to die (including missing) or cause serious economic losses.
When earthquakes above magnitude 5.0 or above and below magnitude 6.0 occur in densely populated areas, and earthquakes above magnitude 4.0 or above and below magnitude 5.0 occur in densely populated areas. It is initially judged as a major earthquake disaster.
(4) General earthquake disaster refers to earthquake disasters that cause less than 10 people to die (including missing) or cause certain economic losses.
When earthquakes above magnitude 4.0 or above and below magnitude 5.0 occur in densely populated areas, it is initially judged as a general earthquake disaster.
National Emergency Response Classification:
According to the " National Earthquake Emergency Plan " (revised on August 28, 2012), the national response mechanism, and based on the earthquake disaster grading situation, earthquake disaster emergency response is divided into Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ levels.
responds to particularly serious earthquake disasters and initiates a Level I response. The provincial earthquake relief command center where the disaster area is located leads the earthquake emergency work in the disaster area; the State Council’s earthquake relief command organization is responsible for unified leadership, command and coordination of national earthquake relief work.
responds to major earthquake disasters and initiates a Level II response. The provincial earthquake relief command center where the disaster area is located leads the earthquake emergency work in the disaster area; The State Council earthquake relief command center According to the situation, organizes and coordinates relevant departments and units to carry out national earthquake emergency work.
responds to major earthquake disasters and initiates a Level III response. , with the support of the provincial earthquake relief command center in the disaster area, will lead the earthquake emergency work in the disaster area. The China Earthquake Administration and other relevant national departments and units will assist in earthquake relief work based on the needs of the disaster area.
responds to general earthquake disasters and initiates a Level IV response. , with the support of the provincial and municipal earthquake relief command centers in the disaster area, will lead the earthquake emergency work in the disaster area. The China Earthquake Administration and other relevant national departments and units will assist in earthquake relief work based on the needs of the disaster area.
earthquakes occur in border areas, ethnic minority areas and other special areas, and the response level can be appropriately increased as needed. After earthquake emergency response is started, the response level can be adjusted in a timely manner according to the disaster situation and its development to avoid insufficient response or excessive response.
Sichuan Province Emergency Response Grading:
According to the "Sichuan Province Earthquake Emergency Plan (Trial)" (Chuanbanfa [2021] No. 80), Sichuan Province's provincial-level response rating is divided into first-level, second-level and third-level from high to low.
magnitude response
One of the following situations occurred, and a provincial earthquake magnitude first-magnitude emergency response was initiated:
(1) The earthquake caused more than 30 deaths (including missing).
(2) Earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above occur in densely populated areas, or earthquakes of magnitude 7.5 or above occur in other areas.
(13) An earthquake with particularly high social attention and great harm occurred.
Level 1 response was initiated by the Provincial Earthquake Relief Command and submitted to the main leaders of the provincial party committee and provincial government for approval. After the start, it will be announced to the public according to the procedures.
Secondary response
One of the following situations occurred, and a provincial earthquake magnitude secondary emergency response was initiated:
(1) The earthquake caused more than 10 people and less than 30 people to die (including missing).
(2) A magnitude 6.0-6.9 earthquake occurs in densely populated areas, or an magnitude 6.5-7.4 earthquake occurs in other areas.
(3) An earthquake with high social attention and great harm occurred.
Level 2 response was initiated by the Provincial Earthquake Resistance Office, reported to the Commander for approval, and reported to the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government. After the start, it will be announced to the public according to the procedures.
magnitude 3 response
One of the following situations occurred, and a provincial earthquake magnitude 3 emergency response was initiated:
(1) caused an earthquake that killed more than 3 people and less than 10 people (including missing).
(2) A magnitude 5.0-5.9 earthquake occurs in densely populated areas, or an magnitude 5.5-6.4 earthquake occurs in other areas.
(3) An earthquake with high social attention and great harm occurred.
(4) The disaster situation obviously involves earthquakes that exceed two or more cities (states) or exceed the response capacity of the city (state) in the event.
Level 3 response is requested by the city (prefecture) or the provincial earthquake relief office makes a start-up suggestion, and report to the commander of the provincial earthquake relief headquarters for approval. After the start, it will be announced to the public according to the procedures.
The provincial level determines whether to initiate response and response levels based on the earthquake disaster situation. Localities can combine historical experience and work requirements to scientifically set the response levels and start-up conditions at the same level, and in principle, they should meet the overall requirements of gradually improving response and gradually taking on tasks.
response level adjustment
After starting the emergency response, if it is found that the response level is obviously inconsistent with the actual disaster situation, the Provincial Earthquake Resistance Office will propose a suggestion to adjust the response level and initiate the emergency response agency to announce the adjustment of the response level to avoid insufficient response or excessive response.
What work should be done for emergency response?
According to the National Earthquake Emergency Plan (revised on August 28, 2012), all relevant localities and departments shall take the following measures based on the disaster situation and disaster relief needs.
1, search and rescue personnel
immediately organizes grassroots emergency teams and the general public to carry out self-rescue and mutual rescue. At the same time, organizes and coordinates local rescue forces in the People's Liberation Army, armed police forces, earthquakes, firefighting, construction and municipal affairs, and allocates large cranes, cranes, jack , life detectors and other rescue equipment to rescue buried people. Strengthen connection and cooperation among the on-site rescue teams, reasonably divide the boundaries of the responsibility area, promptly transmit alarms when there is danger, and take good care of their own safety.
2. Carry out medical treatment and health and epidemic prevention
quickly organizes and coordinates emergency medical teams to rush to the scene to rescue the injured, and establish a battlefield hospital or medical point if necessary to implement on-site treatment. Strengthen the organizational dispatch of ambulances, medical devices, , drugs and plasma , especially to increase the supply of medical devices and drugs in severely affected areas and remote areas to ensure that rescued people are treated in a timely manner and minimize the death and disability of the injured. Coordinate medical resources in surrounding areas, divert seriously injured people as needed, and implement treatment in other places. Carry out post-disaster psychological assistance.
Strengthen health and epidemic prevention work in disaster areas. Timely monitor and disinfect water sources in the disaster area, strengthen sanitation supervision of food and drinking water; properly dispose of the remains of the victims, disinfect and harmless treatment of dead animals, medical waste, domestic waste, feces, etc.; strengthen the monitoring, prevention and control and treatment of plague and rabies , and get vaccinated in a timely manner; implement a daily reporting system for major infectious diseases and health emergencies.
3. Reset the affected people and open emergency shelter places, organize the collection and transportation of various disaster relief materials such as food, drinking water, quilts, tents, mobile toilets, etc., and solve the problems of food, drinking water, clothing, and accommodation for the affected people; set up daily necessities distribution points in the affected villages, towns and streets to ensure the orderly distribution of daily necessities; organize production, transportation, and installation of mobile prefabricated houses and simple houses as needed; equip the centralized resettlement points of the affected people and equip them with necessary fire protection equipment and equipment to strictly prevent fires. Disaster relief supplies are given priority to ensure the needs of schools, hospitals, and welfare homes; priority is given to the resettlement of orphans, elderly people and disabled people to ensure their basic living. It is encouraged to adopt methods such as seeking relatives and relying on friends to widely mobilize social forces to resettle the affected people.
Do a good job in the aftermath of the victims, comfort the families of the victims; actively create conditions and organize schools in disaster areas to resume classes.
4, emergency repair infrastructure
, emergency repair of airports, railways, highways, bridges, tunnels and other transportation facilities damaged by disasters, coordinate transportation capacity, and give priority to ensuring the transportation needs of emergency rescue personnel, disaster relief materials and injured personnel. Emergency repairs of infrastructure such as power supply, water supply, gas supply, communications, radio and television to ensure the basic living needs and emergency work needs of the people in the disaster area.
5. Strengthen on-site monitoring
Earthquake Bureau organizes the deployment or recovery of earthquake on-site earthquake seismic measurement and precursor stations, tracks earthquake sequence activities in real time, closely monitors the development of earthquake conditions, and conducts analysis and judgments on earthquake areas and national earthquake situations. The Meteorological Bureau strengthens meteorological monitoring and closely monitors major meteorological changes in the disaster area. The earthquake relief command center in the disaster area is located to arrange professional forces to strengthen air, water source and soil pollution monitoring to reduce or eliminate pollution hazards.
6, Defense against secondary disasters
Strengthen secondary disaster monitoring and early warning, prevent new casualties and traffic congestion caused by landslides, mudslides, rolling stones, etc. caused by strong aftershocks and rainfall; organize experts to conduct dangerous investigations, assessments, and removal of hazards and reinforcement of reservoirs, hydropower stations, embankments, and other hazards, and organize the transfer of personnel in downstream dangerous areas if necessary.
Strengthen the investigation of damage to hazardous chemical production and storage equipment, oil and gas pipelines, and power transmission and distribution lines, and take timely safety precautions; carry out accident prevention and treatment for key nuclear industrial production and research facilities such as nuclear power plants.
7, Maintain social security
Severely crack down on illegal and criminal acts such as theft, robbery, rescuing disaster relief materials, taking the opportunity to spread rumors and create social panic; add temporary police stations in key areas such as disaster-affected people's resettlement points and disaster relief materials storage points, strengthen public security patrols, and enhance the sense of security of the people in the disaster-stricken areas; strengthen vigilance for important places such as party and government organs, key departments, financial units, reserve warehouses, prisons, etc., do a good job in resolving disaster-related conflicts and disputes and legal services, and maintain social stability.
8. Carry out social mobilization
The earthquake relief command center in the disaster area is located to clarify special organizations or personnel to strengthen volunteer service management; timely open volunteer service contact phone numbers, uniformly accept volunteer organization registration, and do a good job in volunteer dispatch and related services; according to the needs of the disaster area, transportation, etc., publish volunteer service demand guidelines to the public to guide volunteers to participate safely and orderly.
carries out activities to donate money and materials to the people in the disaster area as appropriate, and strengthens the organization and mobilization of disaster relief donations and the reception, statistics, allocation, use, and public feedback of funds and materials.
If necessary, organize the people's governments in non-disaster areas to provide human, material, financial, intellectual and other forms to provide counterpart support for the living placement of people in the disaster area, treatment of wounded personnel, health and epidemic prevention, infrastructure emergency repair and production recovery in .
9. Strengthen the management of foreign affairs
promptly inform relevant countries and regions of China agencies; coordinate and arrange the entry rescue operations of foreign rescue teams, handle foreign affairs procedures in accordance with regulations, assign rescue tasks, and provide relevant guarantees; strengthen the acceptance and management of overseas rescue materials, and do a good job in inspection and quarantine, registration and management in accordance with regulations; organize and arrange overseas news media for interviews in a timely manner.
10, Publish information
Earthquake relief command agencies at all levels are responsible for the release of earthquake disaster information at the corresponding level in accordance with the principle of hierarchical response and respond to social concerns. Information release should be unified, timely, accurate and objective.
11, carry out disaster investigation and evaluation
Earthquake Bureau conducts earthquake intensity , earthquake structure, macroscopic abnormalities of earthquakes, seismic damage characteristics of engineering structures, earthquake social impacts and various earthquake geological disasters surveys. Civil affairs, earthquakes, land and resources, construction, environmental protection and other relevant departments will conduct in-depth investigations into the scope of disaster areas, disaster-stricken population, disaster-stricken population, casualties, damage to buildings and infrastructure, environmental impact, etc., and organize experts to conduct disaster losses assessments.
12, emergency end
After the emergency rescue and disaster relief work is basically completed, the emergency transfer and resettlement work is basically completed, the consequences of secondary earthquake disasters are basically eliminated, as well as basic emergency repairs and ventilation such as transportation, electricity, communications and water supply, and the living order in the disaster area is basically restored, the original authority that initiated the emergency response decides to terminate the emergency response.
Xiaoxiang Morning News reporter Zhou Dun Comprehensive report
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