Pang Kaigui is a historical and cultural enthusiast, freelance writer, group member of Chongqing Old Street, and serves Chengjiang Town Cultural Service Center. Chengjiang Past 1---Chengjiang Historical Talk 2.

[Author Profile] Pang Kaigui, a historical and cultural enthusiast, freelance writer, Chongqing Old Street group members, serving Chengjiang Town Cultural Service Center

Chengjiang Past 1--Chengjiang History 2

(continued from the previous issue)

Chengjiang Jisheng

Chengjiang River water is as clean as a training, and the waves are not shocked by the golden sand.

star wells, and three thousand tributaries were laid.

Tiansheng Juzhen Yangyucheng, Three Gorges is the iron lock horizontal.

Huayang Hei Water surges upstream, and the scenery of Huixia is coming to the west.

——Guo Zhenghu ( Qing Dynasty Bishan scholar)

Use the key people 　

Chengjiang was able to develop rapidly in the past, occupying the right time, place, and people. On the one hand, the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty ended, and 1 Revolution brought a breeze of innovation to the land of Chengjiang. The Republic of China was established, and everything was in trouble and the times were progressing. A good development environment appeared under the rule of the Beibei Administration. After experiencing the years of hardship, the people had a strong yearning for a happy life. The passion for striving for a happy life was about to break out. This is the time; on the other hand, Chengjiang has a good foundation, convenient water and land transportation, and more importantly, it has rich mineral resources, especially Jinyun Mountain and Yunwu Mountain coal mines are everywhere, which just adapts to development and construction. If needed, this is the right place; of course, the more important thing is the human factor. Under the leadership of Lu Zuofu , the Gorge Defense Bureau quickly eliminated the bandits in the Gorges District. The society was a little stable, and people could concentrate on rural construction. At this time, Lu Zuofu used Lan Wenbin again (Note: Lan Wenbin, whose courtesy name was Shaolu, was also called "Blue Huoback". He was born in Liuma Township, Zizhong County, Sichuan Province in 1887. He graduated from the first phase of the Shu Army General Bian Academy. This man was brave in war and smart and sleek in dealing with things. 1921 In 2018, the melee of warlords in Sichuan reached its climax. Lan Wenbin was resourceful and good at using troops. He fought many beautiful battles and was appreciated by the top and was constantly promoted. He changed his mind among various warlords, sold drugs and did business, bought private property widely, and married wives and concubines. His life was arrogant and corrupt. Lan Wenbin was not at ease in his bones and always wanted to make a name for himself. When he was a brigade commander, he was prepared to betray the division commander Chen Nengfang. The division commander became suspicious, but he did not catch the evidence. So he locked him up for several months. As soon as he came out, he turned against him and turned against him and became a warlord with a small power. Later, Liu Xiang competed with Liu Wenhui, the father of the Tang Dynasty, and Liu Xiang gained power. He joined Liu Xiang again and was still the commander of the division. However, Liu Xiang was wary of a person who had no foundation and was like " Lu Bu ", and did not value it. Therefore, Lan Wenbin felt that the future of the military was bleak and wanted to turn to industrial. At that time, the warlords were very fashionable in running an industry, so he hit it off with Lu Zuofu. In essence, Lan Wenbin, a person, had both the nature of plundering people's wealth and ointment, and the ideal of saving the world through the country, the behavior of enjoying and corrupting, and the desire to work hard to govern.) The leader of economic construction, "harmony of people" is the most critical factor.

(Lan Wenbin)

1928 Lan Wenbin arrived in Chengjiang. Although Chengjiang was a big town in the Song Dynasty, however, with historical changes, the Mongols invaded, and Zhang Xianzhong in the early Ming and early Qing dynasties killed the people indiscriminately, especially the Qing dynasty. "Their illegal generals, soldiers and others also used the name of expedition and suppression to disturb the good people and kill good people to seek merit, and more than half of the Chinese people died. Just like the people in Sichuan, they even sighed that they had left their own remains. If someone survived occasionally, their limbs were incomplete and their ears and noses were incomplete. This is known to all the people in the world" (Records of Emperor Shizong of the Qing Dynasty). In addition, the wars and bandits were rampant, Chengjiang had already had a sparse population, declining industries, and declining economy, and a desolate scene.

Lan Wenbin, a warlord, was brave and knowledgeable. After arriving in Chengjiang, he devoted all his energy to investment and construction. He first integrated five small coal mines to establish Baoyuan Coal Mine Company. Due to coal mine transportation, he opened canals and wharfs. As the coal mines grew, it became more effective, and he opened forest farms and fishery farms. Later, factories, banks, roads, municipal governments, parks, education, charity, and support the War of Resistance... In particular, the construction of coal mines and docks drove the rapid economic development of Chengjiang; the construction of theaters,

newspapers, schools, and parks drove the social progress of Chengjiang; the implementation of charity, especially the support of the War of Resistance, greatly encouraged the patriotic enthusiasm of the people of Chengjiang.

It can be said that in the twenty years from the late 1920s to the late 1940s, a pool of stagnant water in Chengjiang was stirred up by him. Not only did the economy achieve unprecedented development and society achieve unprecedented progress, but the population of Chengjiang increased dramatically. In a short period of time, Chengjiang became a large population town and a strong economic town in Beibei, showing prosperity everywhere.

This is the result of Lu Zuofu's good at identifying and employing people.

pointed out the right direction for Chengjiang's economic and social development

French sycamore tree (Chunlingmu), in 1930, Lu Zuofu bought 32 tree species in Shanghai. Now it can be seen everywhere in Beibei and Chengjiang, becoming a beautiful scenery.

In an era of warlords fighting, war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and social unrest, Lu Zuofu was committed to "breaking the current situation of peace and creating an ideal society" and building a free, equal, democratic and prosperous rural society. Chengjiang implemented construction according to this idea, and the changes were earth-shaking, becoming the most comprehensive and pragmatic model of Beibei rural construction at that time.

First, social security has improved significantly. The Beibei bandit crisis has been around for a long time, and Chengjiang is particularly serious. Therefore, the Gorges Defense Bureau set up a squadron in Chengjiang, namely the Third Spy Team, which has been stationed for a long time. Because Lu Zuofu's policy of controlling bandits was effectively applied, and his successor's younger brother Lu Ziying was able to suppress bandits, most of the bandits were quickly eliminated or transformed, and Chengjiang's public security improved, laying a good foundation for social development and economic construction.

Second, the civilized education atmosphere is beginning to emerge. Primary and secondary schools and literacy classes were created to guide farmers to learn literacy and "literacy", and a wave of literacy among the people was raised. Lu Ziying, director of the Beibei Administration Bureau, was also hired as the first principal of Chengjiang Primary School. A new trend has quietly emerged in Chengjiang, society has become civilized, and social bad habits such as pornography, gambling, and drugs have gradually been abandoned.

Third, the level of health and wellness has gradually improved. Cooking cowpox for the people of Chengjiang for free; talking about cleanliness and loving hygiene, and sending people to clean the streets and alleys every day; in order to encourage the elimination of " Four Vicious ", Chengjiang Grand Theater will watch the show without tickets for as long as 10 rats, or you can also write a few words on the blackboard in front of the Grand Theater to watch the show without tickets, setting off a hygiene and epidemic prevention campaign.

Fourth, urban construction has achieved remarkable results. According to the design concept of the Beibei street by Danish engineer Yasbo Shouerci (when Beibei established the Three Gorges Experimental Zone Office, he was specially appointed as a member of the District Bureau's Rural Construction Design Committee), the exterior facade of Chengjiang houses was unified into a combination of Chinese and Western style (transitive Chinese style), and the exterior facades were all converted into blue brick columns, and the embossed patterns were decorated on the brick columns, using arch doors and windows, and some houses were equipped with European balconies (only the area of ​​Zhongshan Road in Beibei and Chengjiang during the Republic of China). Comprehensively strengthen the urban infrastructure construction of , unblock sewers, build public toilets, fire pools, parks and docks, widen and harden some roads, and connect upper and lower streets (Note: In the past, Chengjiang was two upper and lower entrances, Chengjiangkou and Xiaxikou. The front section of the old police station in the middle became an integral street after the renovation was completed. This section was built by Hu Ruhang, so it was called "Ruhang Road"), and a playground that can accommodate 10,000 people at one time was built. The people of Chengjiang used electric lights and tap water in the 1940s, and had a relatively modern theater. This is a complete urban transformation, almost creating a brand new and unique city, known as the "foreigner street".

Fifth, the industrial economy is developing rapidly. A number of enterprises have been established, including coal mines, papermaking, alcohol , soap, iron smelting, nitrification, bricks and tiles (the bricks used in Beibei urban construction mainly came from Chengjiang) factory at that time, etc. Two new farms were built and a large number of economic fruit trees were planted, which changed the single grain planting model of farmers for thousands of years, and the diversified agricultural operations were carried out, which also improved the soil, driving the economic development of Chengjiang rural areas.

(canal scenery)

Sixth is to build and open the canal (this is the first artificial canal in Chongqing). After opening, it became the main transportation channel for villagers in Chengjiang, Zhuanlong, Batang, , Yifeng and other places, greatly reducing freight costs and saving labor. At the same time, Lan Wenbin sent people to plant trees on both sides of the strait, green the mudflats, and build the park, making it a beautiful landscape. Lu Zuofu also built two small steamer (a motor ship powered by coal as fuel) and put it into the canal for tourists to visit.

is a strong atmosphere of support for the War of Resistance. Chengjiang actively supported the War of Resistance Against Japan, encouraged young people of appropriate age to join the army, distributed subsidies to soldiers who went to the front line, and built an autonomous experimental village (district) for disabled soldiers, established oil refineries, umbrella factories, glove factories and other enterprises to increase the income of disabled soldiers, so that they can be self-sufficient. Lan Wenbin was commended by Chiang Kai-shek for this. Chiang Kai-shek once went to Chengjiang to attend the relevant ribbon-cutting ceremony with his wife, Soong Mei-ling.

(Wentangxia scenery)

In addition, Lu Zuofu also assisted in the construction of the World Buddhist Academy, Han and Tibetan Catholic Academy in Chengjiang, renovated Daihu and Hot Spring Temple , built a new hot spring park, and carried out public welfare undertakings.

Under Lu Zuofu's rule, Chengjiang developed unprecedentedly, with a dense population, a gathering of merchants, a prosperous market, and a prosperous industry.

For a time, Chengjiangkou restaurants, teahouses, tobacco shops, brothels, gambling houses, silver houses and pawn shops (Note: The shops mainly include Yunliu Hotel, Oriental Hotel, Feifei Hotel, Chengjiang Theater, and Paogetangkou Tongyifu Teahouse. Enterprises include alcohol factories, oil refineries, Yiduan Tung Oil Company. Colleges and universities include disabled military autonomous experimental villages, Saints Colleges and Children's Schools, Han and Tibetan Catholic Academy, etc.), and with the move of National Government to Chongqing, Beibei as the relocation area and cultural capital, Chengjiang also serves as a small cultural capital, a large number of factories, schools, agencies, and garrisons moved inward. Chengjiang's economic and social development was unprecedented, and various non-governmental organizations and groups came into being, with rich and colorful folk activities, and it was very lively for a while. The folk proverb "Beibei Douhua Tutuo wine is so good at playing Chengjiangkou" was born at this time.

This lively scene continued until the 1970s and 1980s after the liberation, especially in the early 1980s, due to the "third line construction" moving from the coastal area to nine industrial enterprises in Chengjiang in the 1960s, as well as nearby Maliu, Caojie, Yanjing , Batang, Yifeng and other people gathered in Chengjiang. The streets were like a scene, almost crowded with people and water was not available. "Hurrying Chengjiang" back then was almost a practice for the people around.

Chengjiang's population increased from 30,000 to 18,000 in the late Qing Dynasty to 1936, and by the beginning of liberation, it soared to 25,000.

The rural construction of Chengjiang is well-known throughout the country, especially in the middle and late periods of the War of Resistance Against Japan and the early liberation. Deng Xiaoping, He Long, Tao Xingzhi , Huang Yanpei , Feng Yuxiang , and a group of great men, celebrities and literati such as Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling have left their footprints here.

Appendix: "Ratching Chengjiang" incident

With the establishment of the Beibei Administration Bureau, Chengjiang was taken away. The people of Bishan beat their chests and stamped their feet, but they did not dare to openly disobey. At that time, there were two ports in Bishan. One was Youxi Town, which relied on Yangtze River (now classified as Jiangjin ), and the other was Chengjiangkou, which relied on Jialing River . Chengjiang's economy is growing rapidly and is the main source of tax revenue in Bishan. Baoyuan Coal Mine, Suichuan Coal Mine, plus the school production and the temple production in Jinyun Mountain are all oil and water. Bishan is naturally heartbroken when he takes off this "money tree".They wrote to the Commissioner's Office and a letter to the Sichuan Provincial Government and the Central Committee of the Kuomintang. They tried their best to oppose it on the grounds that " Chengjiang Town is important, and the prosperity of business is the essence of the county, and the tax revenue accounts for one-sixth of the county, which gives up the financial difficulties of Bishan." The 23 highly respected and well-known people from this town formed the "Bishan County Representative to Protect the County Citizens", posted and distributed leaflets everywhere to create public opinion, and refused to hand over to Chengjiang, claiming to "recover Chengjiang". Then they sent armed personnel to protect tax revenue, forcing Chengjiang merchants, citizens and farmers to pay all taxes to the Beibei Administration Bureau.

There was no response when he saw the peak. In the autumn of 1943, Wu Chaojie, a senator of the temporary senatorial senator of Bishan County and director of the county economic collection department, under the secret instruction of the county magistrate Zeng Jinbai, suddenly gathered more than 1,000 townships from Batang, Zhuanlong and Linjiang towns in Bishan, and came to Chengjiang with live ammunition to collect the mayor Li Jiguang (Note: Li Jiguang, male, Batangchang, Bishan County. He was a member of the Ligong Office (his hometown Shuiqinghe), with high school education. After graduation, he was admitted to the Beibei Gorge Defense Bureau through the school introduction. He was once the captain of the third spy team of the Gorge Defense Bureau. He was stationed in Chengjiang for a long time and wrote beautiful characters. He was deeply loved by Lu Ziying, the director of the Beibei Administration Bureau. He served as the mayor of Chengjiang Town after 1942. He was the first to be suppressed by the New People's Government after Beibei liberation. He incited some gentry and citizens to distribute leaflets on the street, shouted the slogan of "recovering Chengjiang", and forcibly set up checkpoints to block the road and collect donations.

Director Lu Ziying immediately dispatched local police and township soldiers to Chengjiang. The two armies confronted each other and were full of murderous aura. The people in the village fled when they heard the news. Lu Ziying was trying to persuade him, but the other party ignored him. Seeing that the battle was about to break out, Chen Qi, chief of staff of the Fourth District Command of Chongqing Garrison, Zhang Qingyuan, commissioner of the Administrative Supervision Office of Sichuan Third District, Zhang Lisheng, secretary-general of the Central Party Department of the Kuomintang, and others successively mediated with provincial government documents. In order to prevent accidents, the Chongqing Garrison Fourth District Command ordered the Chongqing Garrison to mobilize four companies of the regular army in Yongchuan to arrive in Chengjiang overnight. In addition, Chen, the 45th Re-training Regiment of the Kuomintang 18th Division stationed in Matai, also came, and they were drunk and retired. Zeng Jinbai still wanted to make a perfunctory act on the grounds that this was the spontaneous action of the villagers and gentry, but Zhang Qingyuan warned him: "If County Magistrate Zeng and the representatives of the Citizens' Representatives do not listen to the dissuasion, refuse to implement the orders of the Commissioner's Office, continue to create trouble and disrupt the rear of the War of Resistance, the county Magistrate dismissed and investigated, and all perpetrators will be dealt with assault on the War of Resistance. Please make a choice."

The hat of "destroying the War of Resistance" was so scary that Zeng Jinbai was so nervous that he obeyed his orders. At the same time, the mayor Li Jiguang, the gentry Hu Ruhang, Lan Wenbin, Wang Xiangfu and others publicly expressed their intention to acknowledge the jurisdiction of Beibei. The troops of the townships withdrew. Everyone sat down to negotiate. After many twists and turns, the provincial government finally agreed to compensate Bishan for 3 million oceans as a loss to demarcate Chengjiang. This "farce" was barely ended.

However, just as relevant personnel from Bishan County were celebrating, the huge sum of three million oceans was absconded by the Bishan County Officer with the money. Although it was wanted by the province and county several times, it was finally left unresolved and became a unsolved case.

(Some pictures are from the cultural security volunteer Dayin and the Internet, thank Chengjiang for being the same)

Please continue to appreciate the past of Chengjiang2