Every time you get pregnant, you may get pregnant with Down syndrome baby! According to incomplete statistics, about 30,000 Tang's children are born in my country every year. These children have 100% mental retardation, strange appearance, unable to take care of themselves, and may also carry complications such as congenital heart disease. There is currently no effective treatment method. To prevent the birth of a Down child, the only way to rely on Down's prenatal screening (referred to as "Down Screening"). Regarding this screening, many expectant mothers are often scared by some storm and can't sleep or cry all day long. Today, the editor invited experts from Guangzhou Women and Children Center to explain the most likely misunderstandings to fall into in Tang Silk:
Misunderstanding 1. Only elderly mothers need to do Tang Silk
Correct explanation: Down syndrome is caused by chromosome abnormalities, which is one more 21 chromosome than normal people.
The older the expectant mother, the higher the incidence of Down syndrome. Pregnancy at an age of 35 is its high risk factor, and this type of expectant mother should pay special attention to Tang Screening!
However, young expectant mothers also have the risk of conceiving a Down baby, so every pregnant woman should have a Down screen and must not be omitted.
Misconception 2. Screening is only started after the file is established for 4 months of pregnancy
Correct explanation: 4 months of pregnancy is already the middle stage of pregnancy. At this time, 65% of the Tang Dynasty babies can be found. If the Down fetus is diagnosed, it is necessary to induce labor and abortion, which will cause greater harm to the mother, so it is best to do Tang screening as soon as possible. It is recommended that expectant mothers undergo a "one-stop" Tang Sieve at 11-13 weeks of pregnancy, so that the examination is more accurate.
International common screening method uses serology and B-ultrasound examination, which can detect 87% of Down's babies. Serological examinations in the early stage of pregnancy are more accurate than in the middle of pregnancy; B-ultrasound can see the transparent layer of the neck of the fetus in the early stage, but this transparent layer will disappear on its own during the 14th week of pregnancy, so it is not easy to see it in the middle of pregnancy, so it is meaningless to check NT (fetal neck transparent layer examination).
Misunderstanding 3. Tang Screening is just a simple blood draw.
Correct Solution: In addition to screening indicators, Down syndrome screening also requires pregnancy history and medical history information of expectant mothers. For example, questions such as the age, pregnancy age, and whether the pregnant woman has been pregnant with a Down fetus, the expectant mother needs to answer truthfully to the doctor. These are the information required for the Down screening risk calculation formula, and any error in any link may lead to inaccurate results. Pregnant women often cannot calculate their pregnancy week, so they need to provide a B-ultrasound examination report.
Misunderstanding 4: Tang screen positive means that it is Tang Certain
Correct Solution: Tang Certain Positive does not mean that the fetus must be Tang Certain till it only means that the fetus has a higher risk of Down disease. By the same token, negative means that the probability of a Down fetus is very small.
The current testing technology cannot reach 100% accuracy, and there is still a false negative rate of 0.05% in Tang Screen; while the false positive rate of , the "one-stop" Tang Screen in early pregnancy is 2.55%, and the false positive rate of serological examination in early pregnancy is 5.35%.
Tang Screen is affected by the menstrual cycle, weight, height, gestational age of pregnant women. Any calculation error can cause inaccurate results.
expectant mothers who are negative in Tang Screen still need to insist on prenatal examination. If there are abnormalities such as increased amniotic fluid, high umbilical cord blood vessel resistance, and fetal choroidal edema, they should be alert to Tang's children.
For high-risk mothers who are positive for Tang screening, further prenatal diagnosis is needed, and the Down fetus can be eliminated through villus biopsy, amniotic cavity puncture and umbilical blood sampling.
Misunderstanding 5. Direct non-invasive prenatal screening instead of the current Tang Screening
Correct Solution: non-invasive prenatal screening is DNA testing, and genes can be detected by drawing 5 ml of blood of pregnant women. Although this method can accurately identify Down syndrome, it cannot replace the current Down screen.
US Medical Genetics and Genomics Committee said that this method is mainly used to detect chromosomes 13, 18, and 21, and other chromosomal abnormalities may not be detected; blood tests cannot determine the gestational age, nor can they determine placental problems, and whether there are large structural malformations, so they cannot replace ultrasound examinations in the early stages of pregnancy.
Noninvasive prenatal screening has strict indications, and not every hospital is qualified to carry out it.As a Down fetus discovers, doctors advocate the first choice of "one-stop" Tang screen in early pregnancy. When the Tang screen is positive, pregnant women with conditions can further undergo non-invasive DNA testing.
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