is the world's largest hydropower project today. The Three Gorges Dam's power generation capacity exceeded 100 billion kilowatt-hours in 2018, setting a new world record for the annual power generation of a single power station. Three Gorges power is mainly transmitted to the power grids of central China, east China and south China, and is supplied to 11 provinces (cities and districts) including Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong.
Many people are worried that after the Three Gorges Dam is attacked by nuclear weapons, the 39.3 billion water storage capacity will cause destruction and disaster to downstream cities. However, in fact, the Three Gorges Dam is not afraid of nuclear weapons attacks and will not trigger super floods.
As early as 1918, Mr. Sun Yat-sen proposed the original idea of establishing the Three Gorges Project in his article "The Strategy for Founding of the Country": "When the water gate is used to make the boat go through traversal flow, it can also provide its hydraulic power.
In 1955, China began to comprehensively carry out the planning of the Yangtze River Basin and the survey, scientific research and planning of the Three Gorges Project, and it was basically completed by the end of 1957. The Three Gorges Dam belongs to the concrete gravity dam . Gravity dam is a large-volume water-blocking building built of concrete or mortar. Its basic section is a right-angle triangle, and the whole is composed of several dam sections.
Under the action of water pressure and other loads, the gravity dam mainly relies on the anti-slip force generated by the dam body's own weight to meet the stability requirements; at the same time, the pressure generated by the dam body's own weight is relied on the pressure generated by the dam body to offset the water pressure Tensile stress caused by force to meet the strength requirements. Under the action of water pressure and other external loads, the dam body is mainly relied on the self-weight of the dam body to maintain a stable dam.
gravity dam has the following advantages: 1. Relatively safe and reliable, good durability, and relatively strong resistance to leakage, flood overflow, earthquake and war damage; 2. Simple design and construction technology, easy to mechanize construction; 3. Strong adaptability to different terrain and geological conditions, and relatively low requirements for foundation conditions; 4. In the dam body Water diversion and water discharge openings can be arranged in the middle to solve problems such as power generation, flood discharge and construction diversion. When the Three Gorges Dam was designed, some engineering measures were taken in accordance with the principles of combining peace and war and economic rationality, and some engineering measures were taken to improve the explosion resistance of the dam and reduce the degree of damage.
In short, the three Gorges Dam with a total length of about 2308m was 181m in height, and the hub project concrete pouring The total amount is 28 million m3. The dam design can withstand conventional nuclear weapons attacks.
In addition to conventional weapons , the Three Gorges Dam also conducted anti-nuclear research, and the one who undertakes the research on anti-nuclear weapon attacks of the Three Gorges Dam is Guo Yonghuai .
In China, no scientist can make such outstanding contributions like Mr. Guo Yonghuai in just 10 years (1956-1966), including his senior brother Qian Xuesen .
Guo Yonghuai is the only scientist who has made outstanding contributions to both bombs and one satellite. He and Qian Xuesen put forward the slogan of "going to heaven, entering the earth, and going into the sea" that has influenced China so far. These three directions point to confidential national defense cutting-edge research. The hypersonic weapons developed by China are inseparable from Guo Yonghuai's foundation laying.
After the research on the anti-nuclear weapon attack of the Three Gorges Dam, from 1964 to 1972, Chinese scientists simulated four large scales The dam conducted seven nuclear weapons bombing experiments and obtained extremely precious data. The most serious situation shown in the
experiment is that when the dam is hit by a 1 million tons of nuclear weapons, it will cause a 1,000-meter breach and will not completely collapse. In other words, a small-equivalent nuclear weapon is invalid for the Three Gorges Dam.
For the Three Gorges Dam, what can really cause damage is a large-equivalent nuclear weapon offensive.
However, war cannot be a If it is about to break out, there will be early warning. The dam has a huge flood discharge capacity of 110,000 cubic meters per second. Even if it is assumed that 50,000 cubic meters of flood discharge in one second, 4.3 billion cubic meters of storage capacity can be discharged in one day. Under normal use, above the water level of 145 meters, the storage capacity of the Three Gorges Dam is about 22 billion cubic meters. Before the war begins, Three Gorges Reservoir can lower the water level to a safe position within 4 to 5 days, and it can be discharged in four or five days. If the flood discharge volume is increased, this time will be shortened, which will greatly reduce the disaster caused by dam collapse.
Even if the Three Gorges Dam is at the highest water level, that is, 39.3 billion water storage capacity is 39.3 billion, the Three Gorges Dam will only have local disasters of Jingzhou or above, which means that the flood reaches Jingzhou at most, and its power is equivalent to 4% of the extremely large floods in the Yangtze River Basin in 1954.
This is from 1978 to 1988, experts from the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission carefully conducted a 10-year three-grilling dam hydroengineering model test to study the impact range of the dam collapse flood and countermeasures to reduce losses after the Three Gorges Dam was attacked by nuclear weapons.
In the experiment, experts came to two regular understandings: First, the Sanduping Dam to Nanjin Pass is 38 kilometers long, and the 20-kilometer canyon section from Liantuo to Nanjin Pass is generally only 200 to 300 meters wide, and the rocks on both sides are steep. The canyons upstream and downstream of the dam have a considerable constraint on the water flow of the dam, limiting the flow of the dam and delaying the time of discharge; Second, the total water flow of the dam is the amount of water stored in the reservoir, which is limited compared with the natural flood peak water flow. This is also why only local disasters above Jingzhou occur.
The construction of the Three Gorges Dam is generally a matter that benefits the country and the people, and plays an important role in promoting the economic development of Hubei Province. From the demonstration in 1955 to the official start of construction on December 14, 1994, China spent 40 years to evaluate this project. As a representative work of Chinese engineering, the engineering safety of the Three Gorges is unquestionable.
Source:
1, "The World's Largest Concrete Gravity Dam-Three Gorges Dam" Xinhua News Agency
2, "Conventional Weapons Can't Shake the Three Gorges Dam" Deputy General Manager Cao Guangjing, answers reporters' questions
3, "Three Gorges Dam has strong ability to resist the war" paper
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