: The four words "natural disasters and man-made disasters" are so hard to resist, because under normal circumstances, human power cannot completely compete with the "natural disasters" in nature. It can only continuously summarize the laws of nature, transform the natural environment, and develop in a direction that is beneficial to humans. For example, in order to alleviate the flood control pressure in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River , my country has built the world-renowned Three Gorges Water Conservancy Hub project. The construction of the Three Gorges Dam formed the total water storage capacity of Three Gorges Reservoir accounts for about 4.1% of the annual runoff of the Yangtze River, and has also achieved comprehensive benefits such as flood control, power generation, shipping, irrigation, and tourism.
However, "man-made disasters" are often caused by illegal operations, illegal commands, carelessness, etc., and will also bring serious disasters. Today, the author will talk about "man-made disasters" together, which is tragic.
Mont Blanc Tunnel is the longest road tunnel in the world. It is located at the foot of Mont Blanc, the highest peak in Europe. Mont Blanc may not be very familiar to you, so you should have heard of Alps . That's right, Mont Blanc is the highest peak of in Alps. It is located at the junction of Haute Savoy in France and Valleda Aosta in Italy. Mont Blanc is 4,810 meters above sea level. The Mont Blanc Tunnel connects France and Italy. This tunnel was dug in 1958 and completed in 1962. It took about four years to open the Mont Blanc Tunnel. The opening of the Mont Blanc Tunnel is of great significance to land transportation.
Before the tunnel was opened, truck drivers had to travel on the winding mountain road between France and Italy for more than 7 hours. However, it only takes 15 minutes after the Mont Blanc Tunnel was opened, so the tunnel has been opened and has become a major transportation route. More than 5,000 vehicles pass through here every day, especially trucks. The Mont Blanc Tunnel is almost their only way to go.
As one of the longest highway tunnels in the world, the Mont Blanc Tunnel is 11.6 kilometers long. The safety measures in the tunnel were also among the best at that time. The tunnel had 18 fire protection rooms, each 600 meters, and was equipped with 77 emergency telephones. One end of the tunnel was connected to France and the other end to Italy. There were French professional rescue teams and Italian volunteer rescue teams. It can be said that the Mont Blanc Tunnel received direct guarantees from both countries in the safety.
However, a world-renowned highway tunnel occurred at the end of the last century, a tragic traffic accident - the fire of the Mont Blanc Tunnel . The whole fire accident happened roughly as follows:
On March 24, 1999, 57-year-old driver Gilbert drove a cold chain truck with 9 tons of margarine and 12 tons of flour as usual to be taken to a food processing factory in Milan . This is almost the work he has to do every day. The Beaulang Tunnel is also his must-pass way, but no one expected that there would be any abnormality that day.
Giber stopped at the toll at the French entrance at 10:46 that day. After inspection, it entered the tunnel. However, two minutes after entering the tunnel, thick white smoke came out from behind the car. At this time, the car had already penetrated 2 kilometers deep into the tunnel, under the 2.4 kilometers high rock. If the problem can be discovered in time and measures may be just a small accident, but the driver did not find it and continued to move forward.
5 minutes after entering the tunnel, the heavy truck arrived at the center of the tunnel, and the smoke became stronger and stronger, which finally caused the smoke alarm in the tunnel to alarm. The driver of the vehicle behind also saw a large amount of thick smoke and tried every means to remind the driver that although Giber saw the thick smoke, he still didn't care and continued to drive. The sensor sent the alarm to the control room at both ends. The French control room heard it, but the Italian end did not sound an alarm because the alarm bell on their end was forced to be closed because of the wrong alarm the day before yesterday. Although the French side heard it, he didn't know what happened. The toll ports at both ends were still developed normally, and a large number of vehicles kept entering the tunnel.
8 minutes later, the driver Jiber finally realized the seriousness of the smoke, stopped the car and turned on the double flash signal to warn the car behind him. At this time, he was in the middle of the tunnel, and a long convoy was lined up behind him. Jiber wanted to use a fire extinguisher to put out the fire, but it was too late. The vehicle had already set off a raging fire. Suddenly, an explosion occurred in the car, and the driver abandoned the car and fled. The convoy behind the truck was soon surrounded by thick smoke, and 38 people were trapped in the tunnel.
After a minute of burning, someone called the emergency number. Italy and France discovered the danger of the tunnel and immediately closed the entrance to the tunnel. At this time, the vehicle behind the truck was almost struggling on the death line. After the fire lasted for four minutes, the thick smoke on the French side had swallowed 500 meters away. A rescue team of four French people was preparing to enter the tunnel. At this time, the situation of the trapped people in the tunnel was very bad. Some people tried to escape but the engine could not start because of insufficient oxygen. They hid in the fire room and fell into a coma because the smoke was too big. At
11, firefighters who rushed from Chamonix Town, France entered the tunnel. However, after they managed to advance 4 kilometers, the fire truck could not move forward. At this time, there were 6 explosions in the tunnel connection, and loud "bang bang" sounds everywhere. These were all due to the explosion sound of the high-temperature baking vehicle tires, and the fire brigade was forced to retreat.
Another 11 minutes later, the Italian rescue team also entered the tunnel, but also retreated because of the heavy smoke. At
11:30, the deadly thick smoke had spread to the tunnel entrance and gushed out from the tunnel entrance. The firefighters were helpless. All the trapped people inside died. The lives of 38 people were frozen in just one hour.
53 hours later, after the fire in the tunnel was extinguished and the smoke completely dissipated, the investigators began to enter the tunnel and were startled by the scene inside. It is said that the conference of the tunnel at that time made the temperature of the tunnel exceed 1,000 degrees Celsius, the vaults above the head were all sanded, the asphalt on the ground turned into sticky mud, and the dead body looked ferocious, but what makes people feel a little comforting is that most of the victims were not roasted to death by the high temperature. These people were already poisoned by thick smoke before the fire was burned and baked, and finally died of suffocation.
Some people say that the farthest distance from the cave entrance is only five kilometers. Why don’t these people run out? They can abandon their cars and escape? Five kilometers can run out in about half an hour. Is it better than waiting to die?
Theoretically, when you find thick fog, you will immediately abandon the car and run to the exit desperately. The possibility of escape is not ruled out, but we must also combine it with the actual situation.
After the truck caught fire, the vehicles in front and rear did not understand the situation. When nothing happened later, most people chose to park and wait. After the truck exploded, the smoke instantly swallowed up the people around them. At this time, the tunnel should be in chaos. Don’t say that the car cannot start due to oxygen, even if it can start, in that case, it will be difficult for the traffic jam to get out.
Someone got out of the car and ran away, but it was too late at this time. Escape was to race against time. Don’t underestimate these few minutes. People had to figure out what was going on and killed their lives, unless, like the truck driver Gilbert got off the car and found that something was wrong when he got off the fire, he immediately went toward the direction of the vehicle, that is, to escape to the Italian side, and eventually he successfully escaped.
However, this situation was inevitable at that time. After all, no one expected that it would be so serious later. Some people got out of the car and ran away. However, with thick smoke, lack of oxygen, and low visibility, how to run fast and hide in the fireproof room is useless. There is no fireproof room that can withstand the high temperature of 1,000 degrees Celsius.
The reason for the fire in the Borang Tunnel was mainly because the cigarette butts dropped by passing vehicles lit the air filter of the vehicle driven by Gilbet, which then triggered the engine and diesel fuel tank, which led to a series of combustion and explosions. The heat generated by 9 tons of margarine was equivalent to 21.9 tons of gasoline, and flour was prone to dust explosions, which was no less powerful than bombs.
In addition to this, there was also the staff's carelessness. The weather was also abnormal that day. Usually the wind direction was blowing from France to Italy, but on the same day it was blowing from Italy to France, further increasing the spread of thick smoke to the vehicles behind. Since Italy learned that many vehicles were trapped in a section close to France, and a large amount of thick smoke would poison them and coma, they decided to use a large blower to pump fresh air into the direction of France to disperse the smoke as soon as possible, but they never expected the amazing heat generated by the burning of margarine and the power of the flour explosion.
Now Mont Blanc has been rebuilt. The tunnel operator deeply learned the lessons of the fire in 1999 and paid more attention to safety facilities. In addition to the entrances of both ends of the tunnel, precision thermal sensors must be installed, and vehicles entering the fire protection room are also equipped with video equipment. There is also a fire brigade in the center of the tunnel to protect the safe travel of passing vehicles.
Compared with the Mont Blanc tunnel fire, there was also a major tunnel safety accident in my country - the Jinji Expressway Rock-back Tunnel major accident . 31 coal trucks, two formaldehyde vehicles and dangerous chemical vehicles burned and exploded one after another. The accident eventually killed 40 people. The fire burned for three days and three nights, and the tunnel was also terrible, with losses reaching tens of millions.
China is a mountainous country, with mountainous areas accounting for about 2/3 of the total land area. In addition, my road network has developed transportation, and there are many bridges and tunnels. Many expressways in the southwest region can be called "sky roads", so the safety of tunnels is not easy to ignore.
is safe and has nothing to do, life is more important than mountain, I hope such accidents will not happen again.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-