Novel coronavirus pneumonia is referred to as "new coronavirus pneumonia", and World Health Organization is named "2019 coronavirus disease", which refers to pneumonia caused by 2019 novel coronavirus infection. Since December 2019, some hospitals in Wuhan City, Hubei Province have successively discovered many cases of pneumonia with a history of exposure to in the South China Seafood Market, which was confirmed to be the acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus infection.
On February 11, 2020, Director-General of the World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Adhanom Adhanom Adhanom announced in Geneva , Switzerland, that new coronavirus pneumonia was named "COVID-19". On February 22, the National Health Commission issued a notice that the English name of "New Coronavirus Pneumonia" was revised to "COVID-19". On March 11, WHO believed that the current COVID-19 epidemic can be called a global pandemic. On April 4, China held a national mourning event. On August 18, the National Health Commission of revised and completed the diagnosis and treatment plan for novel coronavirus pneumonia (Trial Eighth Edition) . On September 3, the co-chair of the WHO's COVID-19 Epidemic Response Evaluation Expert Group announced the list of members of the expert group at the briefing of member states, and Zhong Nanshan was selected. On September 24, 2022, Singapore Lianhe Zaobao website reported that World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Adhanom Adhanom Ghebreyesus pointed out that there is still a long way to go before announcing the end of the new crown epidemic.
Factor characteristics
According to the existing case data, the new coronavirus pneumonia is mainly manifested by fever , dry cough , fatigue , etc. A few patients have symptoms of nasal congestion , runny nose , diarrhea and other upper respiratory tract and digestive tract . Severe cases mostly develop dyspnea after one week, and in severe cases, rapid progress is acute respiratory distress syndrome , sepsis shock , difficult to correct metabolic acidosis and coagulation dysfunction, and multi-organ failure , etc. It is worth noting that severe and critically ill patients may have moderate and low fever during the course of their illness, and even no obvious fever. Mild patients only showed low fever, mild fatigue, etc., and no pneumonia symptoms. Judging from the current cases admitted, most patients have good health after recovery, while a few patients are in critical condition. The prognosis of the elderly and those with chronic underlying diseases is poor. children with cases have relatively mild symptoms.
According to the existing case data, the new coronavirus pneumonia is mainly manifested in fever , dry cough , fatigue , etc. A few patients are accompanied by nasal congestion , runny nose , diarrhea and other symptoms of upper respiratory tract and digestive tract . Severe cases mostly develop dyspnea after one week, and in severe cases, rapid progress is acute respiratory distress syndrome , septic shock, difficult to correct metabolic acidosis and coagulation dysfunction, and multi-organ failure , etc. It is worth noting that severe and critically ill patients may have moderate and low fever during the course of their illness, and even no obvious fever. Mild patients only showed low fever, mild fatigue, etc., and no pneumonia symptoms. Judging from the current cases admitted, most patients have good health after recovery, while a few patients are in critical condition. The prognosis of the elderly and those with chronic underlying diseases is poor. children with cases have relatively mild symptoms.
There are 10 early signs of COVID-19 that occur within 1-14 days. Top ten early symptoms of new coronary pneumonia:
1, headache, sore throat, congestion. The new coronavirus causes abnormal lungs, causing body temperature to rise, and eventually lead to sore throat and congestion. If you have persistent headaches and cannot be relieved with medication, please take your temperature as soon as possible, because this may be a symptom of the new coronavirus;
2. Fever. High fever is the most common symptom of the current epidemic of COVID-19. After the virus invades, the human immune system quickly regulates body temperature to kill the high-temperature virus. At the same time, fever is also a signal of the body's inflammatory reaction;
3, diarrhea.Some people develop diarrhea after suffering from the novel coronavirus, which is caused by gastrointestinal infection caused by the novel coronavirus. At present, a new coronavirus has been isolated from human feces, and oral feces have become a new infection pathway;
4, and may also be dry cough chest tightness . Early symptoms vary after infection. Some people may have dry coughs and chest tightness. This type of dry cough is usually not accompanied by a cough;
5, there will be pain all over the body. Patients with early stages of COVID-19 may have mild limbs or symptoms such as soreness and coldness in the waist and back muscles;
6, red eye disease . The early symptoms of COVID-19 are also reflected in the eyes, causing patients to develop conjunctivitis , often called red eye disease;
or have symptoms of soreness in the limbs. Patients who are infected with the new coronary pneumonia will feel tired and have sore limbs, and they will experience fatigue after a little movement;
8. Excessive fatigue. For some, extreme fatigue can be an early symptom of novel coronavirus pneumonia.
9. Losing sense of smell and taste. Loss of smell and taste are one of the rarest early symptoms;
10, shortness of breath. Generally speaking, shortness of breath is not an early symptom of COVID-19, but it is very serious. It can occur alone without coughing; the early symptoms of the above 10 cases of new coronary pneumonia are similar to those of colds, but there are also differences, so please pay attention to the identification.
Symptoms and characteristics of new coronary pneumonia for 1-14 days:
First, early patients with new coronary pneumonia will have fever, low fever, , and their body temperature is generally above 37 degrees, and symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and sore throat will occur. In addition to the above symptoms, the patient will also have symptoms such as fatigue and dry cough.
Secondly, if some ncp patients do not have obvious symptoms when seeing a doctor, such as fever and cough. Their symptoms are usually digestive tract diseases, such as loss of appetite, fatigue, loss of energy, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, etc.
Third, because the new coronavirus will flow to various organs of the human body with human blood, the first symptoms of early stages of new coronavirus are also manifested in headache, palpitations, , chest tightness and other nervous system and cardiovascular system.
The early symptoms of new coronary pneumonia will also be reflected in the patient's eyes, causing conjunctivitis in the patient. Some patients will also have symptoms such as muscle soreness in the limbs or waist and back.
Usually, patients with COVID-19 will experience the above symptoms within 5-10 days after the onset of the disease, such as severe respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock , uncorrectable metabolic acidosis, and coagulation dysfunction, etc. These patients will experience the above symptoms. In the treatment of new coronary pneumonia, the principles of early detection and early treatment must be adhered to to ensure the patient's prognosis and good physical fitness. If the condition worsens, death may occur in severe cases.
The source of infection and transmission route of new coronavirus pneumonia is based on the current epidemiological investigation and research results. The source of infection of new coronavirus pneumonia is mainly confirmed cases of new coronavirus pneumonia and asymptomatic infection ; the main transmission route is transmission through respiratory droplets and close contact, and contact with virus-contaminated items can also cause infection; in a relatively closed environment, there is a possibility of transmission through aerosol when exposed to high concentrations of aerosol . Since the new coronavirus can be isolated in feces and urine, it should be noted that its pollution to the environment may cause contact transmission or aerosol transmission .
According to the current understanding of the disease, during the epidemic, individuals should do a good job in prevention from the following aspects.
(1) Develop good personal hygiene habits. pays attention to personal hygiene. When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue, wash your hands frequently, and do not touch your mouth, eyes, and nose with dirty hands, and do not spit anywhere.
(2) Avoid dinner parties. People with dinner parties are close contacts with . Droplets produced by coughing and sneezing can directly contaminate the entire dinner party, which is very likely to cause the spread of the disease. In order to prevent the spread of the new coronavirus, please do not have dinner parties.
(3) Go to public places less. Public places have many people, large flow volume, and complex personnel composition. Once there are virus carriers, it is easy to cause human transmission, especially for public places with dense populations and poor air mobility, such as shopping malls, restaurants, cinemas, Internet cafes, KTVs, stations, airports, docks, exhibition halls, etc.
(4) Open the windows frequently for ventilation. The indoor environment is closed, which can easily cause bacteria to breed and reproduce, increasing the risk of human infection. Opening windows frequently to ventilate can effectively reduce the content of indoor pathogenic microorganisms and other pollutants, and the ultraviolet rays in sunlight also have a bactericidal effect. Therefore, windows should be opened for ventilation every morning, noon and evening, and each ventilation should be not less than 15 minutes.
(5) Keep the room clean. bedroom door handles, remote controls, mobile phones, telephone landlines, toilet rings, children's toys, etc. are items that family members often share. After being contaminated by germs, these items become important carriers and media for the spread of diseases. For the health of their family, they should be wiped and cleaned with clean wet towels or wet tissues. If necessary, they can be wiped with household disinfectant.
(6) Wash your hands frequently. can spread a variety of diseases through hands. For example, touching food with hands contaminated by bacteria can spread digestive tract diseases, rubbing eyes can spread red eye disease, keratitis and other diseases, and picking the nose can spread respiratory diseases, etc. When you come back from going out, before and after meals, after covering your mouth and nose with your hands when you cough and sneeze, you should wash your hands in time. When washing your hands, wash your hands with running water and soap or hand sanitizer.
(7) Wear a mask when going out. When the public goes out to public places, seek medical treatment (except fever clinics) and take public transportation, they should wear disposable medical masks correctly (children choose products with equivalent performance). Do not spit anywhere, wrap the secretions of the mouth and nose with tissues, and discard them in a covered trash can.
(8) Develop a healthy lifestyle. Diet reasonably, do not overeat, and cook meat and eggs thoroughly. Don't smoke, drink less, and don't drink too much. Combining work and rest, not staying up late, and life is regular. Exercise appropriately and balance your exercise.
(9) Do a good job of health monitoring. To avoid close contact with people with symptoms of respiratory disease (such as fever, cough or sneezing, etc.). Actively measure body temperature when consciously fever occurs. If you have children at home, you should touch the children's forehead in the morning and evening. If you have fever, you should measure your body temperature. If you find that your family has suspected symptoms such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, etc., please seek medical attention in time.
(10) does not contact, hunt, process, transport, slaughter or eat wild animals.
What is the difference between COVID-19 and flu . What is the difference between common cold?
Common cold refers to a disease that mainly contains upper respiratory tract symptoms of nasopharyngeal . The symptoms are mainly nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, no obvious fever, no obvious headache, joint pain, and general discomfort.
Influenza is a disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza patients have acute symptoms and serious symptoms, and symptoms such as headache, muscle fatigue, and decreased appetite are obvious. For the elderly, children, pregnant women or people with underlying diseases, influenza can also lead to severe pneumonia and even death.
After infection with the new coronary pneumonia, it mainly manifests as fever, fatigue, and dry cough. Some patients have symptoms such as decreased sense of smell or loss, while a few patients have symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, diarrhea, etc. Mild patients may show symptoms such as low fever, mild fatigue, and olfactory dysfunction; severe patients often experience symptoms such as dyspnea and (or) hypoxemia one week after the onset.
What is the definition of suspected cases of COVID-19? There are three definitions of suspected cases:
1, meet any one of the following epidemiological history, and meet any two of the following clinical manifestations;
2, if there is no clear history of epidemiological , meet three of the following clinical manifestations;
3, meet any two of the following clinical manifestations, and at the same time, the new coronavirus-specific IgM antibody is positive (those who have been vaccinated with the new crown vaccine recently are not used as reference standard).
Epidemiological history:
① There is a travel history or residence history in the community within 14 days before the onset of the disease;
② There is a history of contact with patients infected with the new coronavirus and asymptomatic infection within 14 days before the onset of the disease;
3 Have contacted patients from the community with fever or respiratory symptoms within 14 days before the onset of the disease;
④Clustered onset (2 or more cases of fever and (or) respiratory symptoms occur within 14 days in small areas such as home, office, school class, etc.).
Clinical manifestations:
① Clinical manifestations of new coronary pneumonia such as fever and (or) respiratory symptoms;
② has imaging characteristics of new coronary pneumonia;
③ The total number of white blood cells in the early stage of the disease is normal or reduced, and the lymphocyte count is normal or reduced.
What is the definition of confirmed cases of new coronavirus?
has one of the following pathogenic or serological evidence based on suspected cases:
1. The nucleic acid test for the new coronavirus was positive;
2. The new coronavirus specific IgM antibody and IgG antibody were both positive if they were not vaccinated with the new coronavirus vaccine. What is the definition of asymptomatic infected persons?
Asymptomatic infection refers to those who have no relevant clinical manifestations, such as fever, dry cough, sore throat, etc., which can be self-perceived or clinically recognized, and there is no imaging characteristics of the new coronavirus pneumonia, but the etiology test for the new coronavirus is positive.
Why does the new coronavirus frequently mutate?
The new coronavirus is an RNA virus, and one of its characteristics is its high variability.
A brief comparison of several VOCs (concerned mutant strains):
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