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On the 9th local time, at around 17:45 Beijing time on the 9th, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced that the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry will be awarded to John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino, to reward the three of them for their contributions in lithium-ion battery .
Lithium-ion battery is the first truly lightweight battery that paves the way for portable electronic products such as mobile phones and pacemakers. All three winners played a key role in the development of lithium-ion batteries.
In the early 1970s, Weitinghan developed the first functional battery, and he used the huge power of lithium to release its outer electrons. Goodinav doubled the potential of lithium batteries, creating the right conditions for more efficient batteries. Yoshino Akira successfully removed pure lithium from the battery, and replaced it with lithium ions, which are safer than pure lithium. Professor Saiful Islam of the University of Bath told The Guardian, "In my opinion, this award came too late, and I'm glad that this important field of materials chemistry has been recognized by the Nobel Prize ." Similarly, Mark McDonnik, materials scientist at University College London Professor Miodownik also expressed his gratitude: "I am glad that lithium-ion batteries have finally been recognized! This is one of the most influential materials science that has affected everyone's modern life on the planet. It is also worth noting that although lithium-ion batteries have been around for 30 years, even now, they are not overshadowed by better battery technology."
John B. Goodinav was born in 1922 and is currently a professor of mechanical engineering and materials science at the University of Texas at Austin. Goodinav, 97 years old, successfully refreshed the age of the Nobel Prize winner. As the "father of lithium batteries", Gudinav and Mizushima Koichi discovered the cathode material of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) of lithium-ion batteries in 1980. In 1983, Goodinav discovered that manganese spinel is an excellent positive electrode material, and manganese spinel was officially used in commercial batteries in 2013. His research has greatly promoted the transformation of lithium batteries toward smaller sizes, larger volumes and more stable usage methods.
At the same time, Goodinav also started the process of portability of electronic devices. He said in a recent interview with The Times: "When we were developing batteries, we just wanted to do it. I don't know how electrical engineers would use these batteries. I really didn't expect there would be phones, cameras and other things."
M•Stanley Wittinghan was born in the UK in 1941 and graduated from the University of Oxford in the UK in 1968. He is currently the director of the Materials Institute and the Materials Science and Engineering Department of Binghamton University, SUNY. The foundations of lithium-ion batteries were laid during the oil crisis in the 1970s. Weitinghan is committed to developing methods that can achieve fossil fuel-free energy technologies. He began to study superconductors and discovered a material with extremely abundant energy that he used to create an innovative cathode in lithium batteries. Weitinghan also used metal lithium to make the negative electrode of the battery - the anode, while metal lithium is more inclined to release electrons. This makes it perfect for use in batteries. This device can release a little more than 2 volts, but the metal lithium makes it explode.
Japanese chemist Akira Yoshino is the inventor of modern lithium-ion battery (LIB) and has won the Global Energy Award and the Charles Stark Draper Award, the highest honor in engineering. He is currently a researcher at Asahi Kaseki and a professor at Mingcheng University. He has been commended by the Purple Strip. In the 1980s, as mobile phones and laptops entered a global development period, "high-capacity small rechargeable batteries" became an urgent need. Yoshino Akira began research in 1981 to challenge the large and instability problems that are difficult to overcome by polyacetylene lithium batteries. In 1983, Yoshino used lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) to develop the cathode and polyacetylene to develop the anode. In 1983, it produced the world's first prototype of a rechargeable lithium-ion battery.In 1985, Yoshino Akira established the basic concept of rechargeable lithium-containing alkaline lithium-ion battery (LIB) and obtained a registered Japanese patent. Lithium-ion batteries were finally commercialized for the first time in 1991 by the Nishimio team of Sony .
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0 Small data of previous Nobel Prizes in Chemistry (1901-2018)
1901 to 2018, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was issued 110 times. During the period 1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940, 1941 and 1942, it was not issued for a total of 8 years.
1901 to 2018, a total of 181 winners were produced by the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, of which Frederick Sanger was the only one to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry twice, in 1958 and 1980 respectively. From this point of view, there are actually 180 people who have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
In history, 5 women have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In 1911, Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In 1935, Irena Yorio Curie won the award together with her husband Frederick Yorio Curie. In 1964, British biochemist Dorothy Mary Hodgkin won the award. In 2009, Israeli scientist Ada Yonath won the award together with two other men. In 2018, American scientist Francis Arnold won the award together with two other men.
The Curie and his wife can be called professional Nobel Prizes. In 1903, Marie Curie and her husband Pierre Curie won the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1911, Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In 1935, Marie Curie's daughter Irena Yorio Curie and her husband Frederick Yorio Curie won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
The youngest winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry is Frederick Yorio Curie. In 1935, he won the award with his wife Irena Yorio Curie, who was only 35 years old. In 1934, Frederick Yorio Curie and his wife published a paper titled "Artificial Generation of a New Radioactive Element" in the journal Nature. With this paper, the couple won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935.
The oldest winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry is American chemist John Finn, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002 and won the prize for developing a soft desorption ionization method for mass spectrometry of biological macromolecules. Finn was 85 years old at the time.
Two Chinese people have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in history. In 1986, chemist Li Yuanzhe won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, together with Dudley Hirschbach of Harvard University in the United States and John Polani of the University of Toronto, Canada. Li Yuanzhe was born in Hsinchu City, Taiwan Province, China in 1936. He joined the U.S. nationality in 1974. He gave up his U.S. nationality in 1994 and returned to Taiwan. He was the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Another is Chinese-American chemist Qian Yongjian . He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2008 with American biologist Martin Salfie and Japanese organic chemist Sakura Shimomura in recognition of their research on green fluorescent proteins. Qian Yongjian was born in New York, USA in 1952. His ancestral home is Hangzhou, Zhejiang. He is the cousin of Qian Xuesen, the father of Chinese missiles. He has served as a member of the National Academy of Sciences, a member of the National Academy of Medicine, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
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