Different from other surnames, the origin of the Wu surname is a little more complicated, involving Yan Emperor, Huang Emperor, and ethnic minorities. In general, there are roughly 5 origins.

The surname Wu mainly comes from: Jiang, Ji, and Yao.

The origin and development of the Wu surname

is different from other surnames. The origin of the Wu surname is a little complicated, involving Yan Emperor, Huang Emperor, and ethnic minorities. In general, there are roughly 5 origins.

originated from the surname Jiang

The first origin of the surname Wu is derived from the surname Jiang of Emperor Yan. Long before Huangdi, there was a tribe belonging to the Jiang surname, which took Zuo Yu as the totem.

In ancient times, Yu and Wu were homophones, but later they became homophones, and the characters were similar in shape, so they could be used. It was not until that of the Warring States Period, Yu and Wu began to distinguish. So this tribe interprets the totem as Wu and regards Wu as the name of the tribe.

At the 8th day of the Xia Dynasty, the Wu tribe migrated to Guanjin (now east of Wuyi, Hebei). During the reign of King Xia Shaokang, there was a person named Wu He in the Wu tribe, who was known for his good shooting skills. He once compared the archer at that time, Houyi and . This man from the Wu tribe of Jiang surname later took Wu as his surname and has a history of more than 5,000 years.

originated from the Ji surname Taibo

The second origin of the Wu surname is from the Ji surname Huangdi. The Wu surname, which originated from this surname is the most famous in history, has the most profound influence on future generations, and has the most prosperous population. It is the origin of the Wu surname recognized by most people in the Wu surname.

At the end of the Shang Dynasty, the descendant of Huangdi, Gu Gong, the father of the father of the father of the tribe, led the tribe to settle down in Zhouyuan (now the area of ​​Qishan, Shaanxi) under Qishan. He has three sons: Taibo (also known as Taibo), Zhongyong and Jili. Jili's son Ji Chang was very talented. Gu Gong wanted Jili to be his heir so that he could pass it to Chang. In order to give way, Taibo and Zhongyong took their family to the Wuyue area in the south and established the Wu Kingdom.

In the late Spring and Autumn Period, the Wu Kingdom rose and was later destroyed by the Yue Kingdom . The remnants of the Wu Kingdom took the country as their surname. This Wu surname has a history of more than 2,600 years. Taibo had no son. After his death, his younger brother Zhongyong was appointed as the King of Ng. After Zhongyong took over as the monarch, he continued to explore the foundation laid by Taibo. In the history of the development of the Wu surname, Zhongyong's status was second only to Taibo. Zhongyong passed down to Zhou Zhang for 3 generations. Zhouzhang is named Zhouzhang because he does not forget that he is a descendant of Zhouzhang . When Zhou Zhang succeeded to the throne, King Wu of Zhou had destroyed the Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou Dynasty. King Wu of Zhou was conferred the title of princes in the world and sent people to find the descendants of Taibo and Zhongyong. Since Zhou Zhang had become the King of Wu, he officially named Zhou Zhang as the King of Wu because of his place. Zhou Zhang's younger brother Zhong was enfeoffed in Yu (now in Pinglu, Shanxi) near Zhouyuan, and established Yu Kingdom , which was called Yu Zhong . King Wu of Zhou also posthumously named Taibo as Wu Bo. Taibo was called the founder of the Kai family by later generations of Wu. Zhongyong is known as the ancestor of the blood relationship of the Wu family.

originated from Wuhui

The third origin of Wu surname is Wuhui. Zhuanxu's grandson Lao Tong has two sons: Chongli and Wu Hui. The Wu Hui clan lived in the hometown of the Wu tribe of Jiang surname. It was in Shun's era, and Shun handed over the glorious mission of controlling the fire to Chongqing Li. Later, Chongqing Li was killed by Shun for his crimes, and Wu Hui was allowed to succeed Zhurong.

During the Xia Dynasty, Wu Hui's clan moved to Wushan in Pinglu, Shanxi.

During the Shang Dynasty, this clan moved to Linqu, Shandong, and was known in history as Wang Wu. At the end of the Shang Dynasty, there was a man named Wu Bo, who was a descendant of the Wu Hui clan. In summary, this Wu surname has more than 4,000 years of history.

originated from the Yao surname

The fourth origin of the Wu surname is from the Yao surname. Shun was the leader of a tribe of the Dongyi tribe in a remote area. After taking over Yao's position, he moved his tribe to the ancient Wu land (now Lishan next to Wushan, Pinglu, Shaanxi), known in history as the Youyu family.

After Yu's son Qi established the Xia Dynasty, Feng Shun's son Shang Jun was in Yudi (now Yucheng, Henan) and became the Fang Kingdom. Yu Si of Yu State married her two daughters to Shaokang and helped Shao recover the Xia Dynasty.

After the establishment of the Shang Dynasty, the Yu State declined and perished, and the remnants of the Yu State took Wu as their clan. Wu Guang, one of the leaders of the peasant uprising at the end of the Qin Dynasty, was a descendant of the Yao and Wu surname. This Wu surname has a history of more than 3,500 years.

Zhou's surname mainly comes from: Ji's surname.

The surname Zhou ranks fifth in " Hundred Family Surnames ". The surname Zhou is an ancient surname with multiple ethnicities and origins, mainly derived from the Ji surname. Taiwanese indigenous peoples, Yao ethnic groups, Dongxiang ethnic groups, Yi ethnic groups, Blang ethnic groups, Bai ethnic groups, Mongolian ethnic groups, Hui ethnic groups, Tujia ethnic groups, Tujia ethnic groups, Baoan ethnic groups, Li ethnic groups, Zhuang ethnic groups, Qiang ethnic groups, Korean ethnic groups, etc. all have this surname.

The population of the contemporary Zhou surname has reached more than 24 million, making it the ninth largest surname in the country, accounting for about 2.02% of the national population. The distribution in the country is: Hunan, Sichuan, Jiangsu and Hubei provinces, accounting for about 34% of the total population of Zhou. Hunan lives in 10% of the total population of the Zhou surname, making it the largest province in the Zhou surname.

Short name origin

originated from Zhouchang

The earliest appearance of the Zhou surname, which can be traced back to the ancient Huangdi period. According to the "Brief Study of Surnames", it is said that during the Huangdi Emperor, there was a general named Zhou Chang, and in the Shang Dynasty, there was another Taishi named Zhou Ren. The descendants of these two people took Zhou as their surname.

originated from the Ji surname

originated from the Ji surname, and its ancestor was Ji Chang, King Wen of Zhou. The descendant of Huangdi, Hou Ji, whose surname is Ji, was the ancestor of the Zhou clan. After the victory of the Eastern Expedition of Duke Zhou, he enfeoffed the princes on a large scale, including 53 countries with Ji surnamed. Most of the descendants of these Ji surnames changed their surnames to their surnames, place names and grandfather names. After Zhou was destroyed by the Qin State in 256 BC, a considerable number of descendants of the Zhou royal family and the Zhou Dynasty remnants took Zhou as their clan. This branch of

is usually considered to be the main part of the source of the Zhou surname in China.

originated from ethnic minorities

① During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the second brother of Emperor Xian of the Northern Wei Dynasty, his original surname was Pu, and later changed his surname to Zhou. "Book of Wei·Junshi Zhi" records: "Emperor Xian appointed his brother as the Hegu clan, and later changed it to the Hu clan. The second brother was the Pu clan, and later changed it to the Zhou clan." During the reign of Emperor Xian, Tuoba clan, the Northern Wei Dynasty, was divided into seven parts, and the seven brothers were commanded. From this we can see that the Tuoba family changed their surname to Zhou, not only Emperor Xianwen's second brother, but also the group of people led by the second brother. The Zhou family was one of the seven prosperous clans of the Northern Wei Kingdom. The descendants of the Tuoba family of Wei changed their surname to Zhou, including Zhou Yao, the 8 generals of the Sui Dynasty. Zhou Yao (about 507--590), whose courtesy name was Shi'an, was a descendant of Pune (Pu), the second brother of Emperor Xian of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

② During the first year of the Tang Dynasty, ethnic minorities had the surname "Jizuoshi" (transliteration), and were changed to Zhou.

③ The compound surname "He Lu" in the northern part of the Dynasty (now northeastern Shanxi Province) was changed to the Zhou family, and the He Lu family changed from "Yi" (ethnic minority) to the Zhou family.

originated from other surnames

1. During the innate and Kaiyuan periods of the Tang Dynasty, the Ji surname was changed to the Zhou surname. The name of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang was Li Longji . The voices of "Ji" and "Ji" were similar. At that time, the Ji surname in Chang'an was changed to the Zhou surname in order to avoid the name of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang.

The second is , the fifth generation of , and Chengyou's descendants changed their surname to Zhou. Cheng You (Xian Rui) was the governor of Jingnan in the late Tang Dynasty. He was from Huaixi. Cheng You's surname was Cheng during his lifetime, but he did not have Zhou. He was given the surname Zhou by Zhu Wen after his death.

Third, in the late Yuan Dynasty, the surname Su changed to Zhou in Quanzhou, Fujian. In the late Tang Dynasty, Su Yi people in Fujian settled in Tong'an, and their descendants grew up to be one of the southern tribes. Su Yi's sixth generation grandson lived in Xinkangli, Zhuoyuan Township, Quanzhou, Fujian Province. Due to the burden of food and property, the clan members were also surrounded and suppressed by the Yuan Dynasty's official army and fled to their own lives. His nephew Su Ke'an changed his surname to Zhou. Since then, this Zhou clan has reproduced and moved to Hsinchu County, Taiwan.

4 is the early years of the Qing Dynasty, and the descendants of King Ji of the Ming Dynasty changed their surname to Zhou. Zhu Jianjun, the first king of Ji in the Ming Dynasty, was the seventh son of Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty. He was in Changsha in the 13th year of Chenghua in 1477. The fourth generation of King Ji was called King Ji Duan. King Ji Duan's legitimate son inherited the title, but after his death, he had no heirs, and the second son of King Ji Duan also inherited the title. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the King of Ji who was exterminated fled to Guangdong and died in Myanmar . Zhu Yiying (Yan Yan), the third son of King Jiduan, was granted the title of Prince of Changsha. Zhu Yiying's concubine son Zhu Wanshi fled to the Zhou family in Ningxiang after the fall of the Ming Dynasty. In order to avoid disaster, he changed his surname to Zhou, and his descendants always had surnames Zhou.

The surname Ma mainly comes from: Ying surname, other surname.

Origin and evolution of the surname Ma

1, comes from the surname Ying , and comes from the fief of Zhao She , which is named after the surname Boyi of Emperor Zhuanxu.

During the reign of Emperor Shun, Bo Yi was given the surname Ying by Shun because of his contribution to helping Yu control the flood, and was given the surname Ying by Shun. The surname Ying appeared, and Shun married his daughter with Yao surname to him. Emperor Shun, with the surname Yao, Shun, took the surname Yao by the place, and his descendants took Yao as the surname. Horse Coast was originally a piece of land in Zhao State during the Warring States Period, located in Zishan, northwest of Handan City, Hebei Province today. Warring States Period At the time of Zhao State Zhao General Zhao She led his army to defeat Qin and Zhao Yanyu in 270 BC. King Huiwen of Zhao therefore gave the horse and the horse and the title was "Ma Fujun", which was equal to Lian Po and Lin Xiangru. Zhao She's descendants took "Mafu" as their surname, and later changed it to a single surname "Ma". After that, descendants of the Ma family moved from Mafu to Maoling (now northeast of Xingping, Shaanxi) during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. Therefore, the book "Secret Book" records that the birthplace of the surname "Ma" was Fufeng. Later, Ma Fu's family was simplified to a single surname, called Ma's family. The Ma clans mainly lived in the area of ​​Handan, the capital of Zhao State, and later gradually moved to various places, which have been passed down from generation to this day.

2 and originate from the official position .

(1) comes from Ma Zhi, an official in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and belongs to the family title of official position. Horse stamina was an official position set up in the Western Zhou Dynasty. It was full-time in charge of horse collection and was responsible for inspecting the quality of horses. In the classic "Zhou Li·Xia Guan·Ma Zhi", it is recorded: "Ma Zhi, the horse is in charge of horses, and the horse measures three things. One is called military horses, the second is field horses, and the third is steep horses, all of which have objects and merchants." Among the descendants of Ma Zhi, the title of ancestral official title is called Ma Zhi, which was later simplified to the single surname Ma, which has been passed down from generation to generation and is also one of the ancient surnames with a long history.

(2) comes from Wuma, an official of Chu State in the Spring and Autumn Period, and belongs to the family title of official title. Wuma is an official position set up by the Chu State in the Spring and Autumn Period, and is specifically responsible for treating horses. In ancient times, witch and medicine were synonymous, so it was called Wuma. In the classic "Zhou Li·Diguan·Wu Ma", it is recorded: "Wu Ma, the wizard horse, raises the horse and treats it, and treats it with medicine and attacks the horse." It is equivalent to today's veterinarians. Among the descendants of Wuma, the official titles of ancestors are used as surnames, which are called Wuma family. Later, the literature of the province has been simplified to single surnames Ma family and Wu family, which are both passed down from generation to generation and are one of the very ancient surnames.

(3) comes from an official official from the Spring and Autumn Period, and belongs to the family name of the official title. The full name of the horse and steward is a kind of official position set up by the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Later, Qi, Jin, Yan, Qin and other major countries also had this position, which was full-time in charge of breeding and training horses, and was responsible for teaching soldiers and officials how to ride horses. Later, the official title was generally owned by the army of various vassal states. In the classic "Zhou Li·Diguan·Liu Ren", it is recorded: "The lord is in charge of the twelve idle policies and uses the horse to make a prosperous horse." Among the descendants of the Ma Liu Ren, there are also those who use the title of ancestors as their surnames, which is called the Ma family as one of the very ancient surnames.

(4) comes from officials from the two Zhou dynasties to the Qin and Han dynasties, and belongs to the family title of official title. Sima, legendary, was set up by Shaohao, one of the five ancient emperors. The official position of Ma Zhengzhi during the Shang Dynasty was developed and improved to Sima during the Western Zhou Dynasty. The full name was "Xia Guan Sima", commonly known as "Da Sima". He was one of the six important ministers of the dynasty and was in charge of many military affairs of the dynasty. In the classic "Zhou Li·Xia Guan·Da Sima", it is recorded: "Sima is called general martial arts." Among the descendants of Sima, there are those who take the title of ancestors as their surnames, called Sima family. Later, some people who simplify the provincial culture to a single surname Ma family, which has been passed down from generation to generation and is one of the very ancient surnames.

3, originated from changing surnames.

(1) comes from the Ma Ya clan, the great Situ of the Han Dynasty, and belongs to the compound surname, provincial and cultural simplified and changed surname to surname. There was a major Situ in the Han Dynasty called Magong . He was originally a member of the Ma Yi family. Later, the Ma Palace became famous for his official career and academic knowledge. So he used the literature to remove the "Ya" in "Ma Yi" and changed the single surname Ma family. The descendants of the descendants have been passed down from generation to generation.

(2) comes from another surname changing to Ma. For example, in the , there was a Han Qi Renma Palace in of the Han Dynasty. Their original surname was Ma Yi. When they arrived at the Ma Palace, they became famous for their careers and their surname was Ma. After the Jin Dynasty, a large number of Sima families were changed to single-single Ma.The Arab missionary Hamu Zebaba came from Xiya to Longshan, Dongxiang (now Hamu Zeling Village, Pingzhuang Township, Dongxiang County, Gansu Province) and settled in it, and spread Islamic teachings around it. Under the influence of Hamu Zebaba, there were northern ethnic minorities (some people called Baxian or Bacun) around Longjiashan (some people in the village may be Tibetans) who converted to Islam. After these ethnic minorities converted to Islam, they gradually integrated into the Dongxiang people. Most of them still retained their original surnames, but some of them changed their surnames, such as Jiajia Village, Dongxiang County. After changing to Islam, the ethnic minorities of Jia changed their original surnames and changed their surnames to Ma. To this day, there are no Jia surnames in Jiajia Village, but only Ma surnames.

(3) According to the "Brief Study of Surnames", Yue Naihe, the Minister of Rites of the Yuan Dynasty, changed his surname to "Ma" because his grandfather was the commander of the horse stance in the Jin Dynasty, and his name was Zu Chang. The surname "Ma" in Hui people is an important aspect of the origin of the surname "Ma". People often say: "Nine out of ten Hui Hui surnames are Ma, and there are also Sha, La and Ha." Although it is not very accurate to summarize the Hui surname in this common saying, it is generally in line with the facts.

4. It originates from ethnic minorities.

(1) originated from the Hui people and belongs to the cultural transformation of surnames. There are so many surnames of Ma in the Hui people, which are mainly related to the transliteration of Arab and Persian names, especially the transliteration of Muhammad, the founder of Islam. Because Ma and Mu are homophonic, many works of the Ming Dynasty translated Muhammad as Mahama. This translation method has a great influence on the Qing Dynasty and its descendants. For example, the Qing Dynasty, Xu Ke "Waterway Records of the Western Regions" and Wei Yuan "Haiguo Tuzhi " all translated the first pronunciation "Mu" in the name as "Ma". Some people even call Muhammad the "horse saint". Under the influence of this situation, the surname "Ma" was given to the emperor, and the Hui people do not attach as much importance to the surname genealogy as the Han people, but can choose the surname freely. Therefore, many Hui people chose the surname "Ma", greatly increasing the number of people with the surname "Ma".

(2) Originated from the Qing Dynasty, Ma Jia, among the Manchus, changed his surname to Ma. Many Manchu Ma surnames gathered in northeast China. After Nurhaci established the Jin Kingdom, many Manchu Ma surnames were founded among the Eight Banners. The Ma surname of the Manchus is related to the place name. It is said that during the Western Han Dynasty, there was a husband country in today's Jilin Province. In this country, they were also famous for raising famous horses. They also called officials Ma Jia, Dog Jia, Niu Jia, and Six Livestock as their official names. The Jurchens who moved to this area all took this place name as their surname, so it was also considered to be of the same surname and different sects.

5. According to the "Brief Study of Surnames", there was a surname of "Ma" in the Western Regions in ancient times. Later, if someone in the Western Regions had a surname of "Ma" and entered the mainland, he would take "Ma" as his surname.

The surname Zhu mainly comes from: Cao, Zi, Ji, and Qi.

originates from the source of

1 and originate from the Zhu Xiang family , and takes the ancestor's name as the surname. Zhu Xiang was a great minister of Fuxi. He was granted the title of Zhu (now Zhecheng, Shangqiu, Henan). He used the red heart wood and zhu as the totem. Later, Zhu Xiang became the "Yan Emperor". The three generations of Yan Emperor Zhu Xiang all moved in the area of ​​Zhecheng, Henan, and his descendants took Zhu as the surname.

The first celebrity with the surname Zhu was Zhu Hu, the minister of Yu Shun. The Zhuhu clan may be a descendant of the Zhu Xiang clan. Zhu Hu's descendants performed well. Celebrities such as Zhu Zhang, the famous hermit of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhu Mao, a native of Qi during the Warring States Period, Zhu Hai, a strong man of the Wei Kingdom, and Zhu Jin, a marquis of Zhongyi in the Western Han Dynasty, were all called descendants of Zhu Hu. It was active in the Hebei-Shandong-Henan region in the pre-Qin period.

2 and originate from the Cao surname , and use the country name as the clan (because the ancestor of the surname was Cao Hei, this branch is also considered to be originated from the Cao surname). It is said that King Wu of Zhou conferred Cao on , of the Kingdom of Zhu and established his capital in Zhu. His remaining clan took the country as its surname and was called the Zhu family. During the Warring States Period, Chu destroyed the Zhu State, and the nobles of the Zhu State fled everywhere. In order to not forget the motherland, they removed their ears and changed their surname to Zhu.

3 and originate from the surname , and take the ancestor's name as the surname. From the descendant of Prince Zhu, the descendant of Wei Ziqi, the monarch of Song State. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, King Cheng of Zhou conferred the title of King Zhou of Shang Weizi Qi in Shangqiu and established the State of Song to worship Shang. After the death of Prince Zhu, the descendants of Song Weizi, the descendants of Prince Zhu, took their name as their clan and called "Zhu Family".

4 and originate from the Ji surname , and are named after the country.The ancient Zhu clans mainly lived in the area of ​​Zou County, Shandong Province.

5 and originate from the Qi surname , and take the ancestor's name as the surname. It originated from Danzhu, the son of Emperor Yao, who took Danzhu as the ancestor of the surname and was a direct descendant of Emperor Yao. After Shun defeated Danzhu in Danpu, one of the descendants of Danzhu migrated southwest China. It was mainly distributed in the wilderness of Cangwu (now the Jiuji Mountain area in Ningyuan, Hunan). They survived the evolution of society, and developed into a prominent family of Peiguo County during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and formed an important tribe of the Zhu family today.

6 and originated from changing surnames :

① Xianbei tribes changed to Zhu's surname : It comes from the tribes of the Xianbei tribes during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and belongs to the sinicization and change surnames to clans. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, after Xiaowen Tuobahong of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang, he began to implement large-scale Chinese reform policies. Among them, changing the compound surname of the Hu people in the north to a single Han surname was an important measure. During this period, a large number of northern ethnic minorities changed the compound surname to the Zhu family in the Han surname.

② Mongolians changed the surname Zhu : It comes from the Mongolian master Erqi tribe during the Yuan Dynasty, and belongs to the sinicization and change the surname to the surname. The Mongolian Zhuerjit Emoke family lived in Xilatala (now Yonggu Town, Zhangye, Gansu). After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, they were mostly named the Han surname Zhu. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, they lived in Sarhazhan (now Tongliao, Inner Mongolia). After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, they were mostly named the Han surname Zhu and Deng. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, they were mostly named the Han surname Zhu and Deng. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, they were mostly named the Han surname Zhu (now the current Korqin in Jilin). After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, they were mostly named the Han surname Zhu, Zhou and Kang.

③ originated from other ethnic minorities and belongs to the Chinese version of the surname to the surname. Among the Mulao, Miao, Yao, Tujia, Naxi, Dongxiang, Bai and other ethnic minorities, there are Zhu clan members. Most of its origins were during the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, and the movement to change the land and return to the land during the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. The source was mostly changed to the Zhu family of the Han surname.

④ originated from changing the surname , which belongs to the emperor as a surname. After the Ming Dynasty was established, he gave his surname Zhu to show his favor. There are two types of Zhu family who give the surname Zhu family. One is to give the foreign clans and barbarians to win over and show their grace; the other is to give the surname to praise the ministers and show their grace.

The surname Hu mainly comes from: Gui, Ji, Gui surname.

originated from the surname Gui : Guiman, a descendant of Emperor Shun. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, after King Wu of Zhou destroyed Shang, he visited the descendants of the previous emperors, found Guiman, the direct descendant of Emperor Shun of Yu Dynasty, married his eldest daughter, and granted him the title of Hu (now Huxiang Town, Zhecheng, Henan), and asked him to keep the priests of Yu Shun. Later, he granted him the title of Chen State in Zhuye (now Zhecheng, Henan), and established the State of Chen as a marquis to prepare for the three lords. He also moved the capital to Wanqiu (now Huaiyang, Henan), with the posthumous title of Hu Gong , so he was also called Hu Gong Man and Chen Hu Gong. Most of the descendants of the Duke of Chen took the posthumous title of ancestors as their surnames, or used the fief "Hu" as their surname, and called the Hu family.

originated from the surname Gui : it comes from the descendant of Hu Mu, the descendant of King Xuan of Qi in the Warring States Period. It belongs to the compound surname Provincial Literature and simplifies it into a family. The Hu Mu family was named after the Warring States Period when Tian Pijiang, King Xuan of Qi, was in power, and it has a history of nearly 2,500 years. In the first year of Ji Ding (320 BC), King Xuan of Qi ascended the throne, and later appointed his younger brother Tian Ying in Wuyang (i.e., the ancient town of Wuyang, and now the ancient town of Wuping, Shandong). Tian Ying later became the prime minister of Qi, so he "distant Hu Gong from afar, and took his mother town nearby" and established his surname "Hu Wu". Most of his descendants and descendants called Hu Wu clan, and they reproduced and developed into the Hu Wu clan. The descendants of the Hu Wu clan were divided into three main surname branches from the late Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, namely the Hu Wu clan (Hu Mu clan), the Hu Yang clan and the Wu clan (Mum clan). During the Qin Dynasty, there was the Grand Historian Hu Mujing, and during the Han Dynasty, there were Hu Musheng, Hu Muban, etc., all of whom were famous historical figures. After the Jin Dynasty, Hu's mother gradually simplified the culture and simplified it into a single surname Hu. Since most of his descendants changed their surname to Hu, the number of Mu Hu family members who were born in the duplex surname is gradually decreasing, which is one of the reasons why it is still rare.

originated from the Ji surname : "Han Feizi·Shuo Nian" records: "In the past, Duke Wu of Zheng wanted to attack Hu, so he first used his daughter Hu Jun to entertain his intentions. He asked the ministers: "Who can attack if you want to use troops?" The doctor Guan Qisi replied: "Hu can be attacked."’Duke Wu was angry and killed him, saying, ‘Hu, my brother’s country, why did you say that you will attack him? ’When Mr. Hu heard about it, he regarded Zheng as his relative, so he did not prepare for Zheng. The people of Zheng attacked Hu and took it. "In 763 BC, Zheng State attacked Hu State with its might. After Ji Hu's destruction, the descendants of Hu State still used the name of the country as their clan.

originated from the Gui's surname , originated from the Guiyi tribe during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and belonged to the country's name. Guihu State, also known as the Guihu State in history books, was located in the area of ​​Ruyin, Yingzhou (now Anhui Fuyang ). It was a vassal state of Gui's surname that was enfeoffed in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. Gui's surname originated from the Yao and Shun era Later Kui (Feng Bo and Gui Bo), his clan tribes originally lived in Shangqiu, Henan, and were later attacked by Shang Wang Wu Ding and were forced to move everywhere. Except for some who lived in the eastern part of Luohe City, Henan Province, who established the country of Hu, most of the people who returned to the country of Wu were unwilling to belong to the Shang Dynasty and continued to migrate south. One of the people who returned to the country of Wu moved to the Ruyin area and established the country of Hu in the area. In the classic "The Book of Zhou Li·The Record of the Winter Official Catalog", it is recorded: "The country of Hu is the sacred place. The country of Huzi is bearded by Chu. "Say that the country of Yuhu is rich in "beautiful sac", which is a fine wood used to make arrow shafts. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, the weak Guihu and Yuhu were both forced to join the alliance of princes led by Chu, forming a coalition force to attack Wu, and later participated in the "Yuzhang Battle" between Chu and Wu. As a result, in the 12th year of King Jing of Zhou (508 BC), King Zhao of Chu Xiong Ren (Xiong Zhen) on the way back after the "Yuzhang Battle" The two small countries of Guihu and Guihu were allies. After the destruction of Guihu and Guihu, most of the descendants of the royal family had their own names as surnames.

originated from the official position , originated from the official position of Hu Shi, the official title of Hu Shi, also known as Guishi and Hu Guishi, was an official position in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, and was in charge of the catering of kings and nobles, as well as the sacrifice of sacrificial ceremony. Among the descendants of the Hu Shi, Gui Shi, and Hu Gui Shi, there are those whose ancestors are given their official titles as surnames.

originated from the official position , and came from the official Hu Qi Cunning Officer during the Han Dynasty, and belonged to changing his surname to his surname for some reason. Hu Qi Cunning Officer was an army official position set by Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty Liu Che of the Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Hu Qi Cunning Officer and Changshui Cunning Officer were special positions set by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and Hu Qi Cunning Officer was full-time The Hu cavalry army stationed in Chiyang (now Xianyang, Shaanxi), while the Changshui lieutenant was in charge of the Wuhuan and Hu cavalry stationed in Changshui and Xuanqu (now Guanzhong, Shaanxi). The Hu cavalry lieutenant was not permanent, and his duties were usually held by the Changshui lieutenant. Since the Hu cavalry lieutenant and the Changshui lieutenant were in charge of the "Hu people", they were mostly ruled by brave and loyal generals of the Han Dynasty, including many foreign generals who surrendered to the Han Dynasty. Among their soldiers , there are many people who use the army as their surnames, called Hu, such as the famous Qiang Hu Chou, who later became famous.

originated from changing his surname , and its origin is quite legendary. At that time, Emperor Zhaozong of Tang Dynasty, Li Ye, was forced to move his capital from Chang'an, to Luoyang because of avoiding the rebellion of Zhu Wen, and to the point of moving to Luoyang. He knew that he would definitely die in Dongdu this time and would suffer a disaster of extermination. So he discussed with the queen and The tenth son in his infancy was entrusted to the nearby servant Hu Sangong, a native of Wuyuan, and quickly escaped. Sure enough, in the middle of the same year, Zhu Wen instructed his subordinates to chase Li Ye in Luoyang, and hanged his nine sons to death. Hu Sangong quickly fled back to his hometown Huizhou and lived. As his adoptive father, Hu Sangong carefully raised the last trace of blood in the Li royal family. For safety reasons, he abandoned the "prince" and changed the surname of Li and changed the surname Hu, and named it Hu Changyi. In the later Tang Dynasty, Tongguang Yiyou (925) Hu Changyi used the classics to clarify the classics After passing the imperial examination, Hu Changyi decided not to step into the officialdom after knowing his life experience. From then on, he lived in seclusion and devoted himself to the study of classics. He was called "Ming Jing Gong". Among the descendants of the Hu family of Ming Jing, there were few officials, and most of them were famous for their studies and business. The most well-known ones are red-topped businessmen Hu Xueyan , cultural celebrities Hu Kaiwen and Hu Shi. "Ming Jing Hu" is also known as "Li Bie Hu".

originated from Mongolian , and belongs to the Chinese version of the surname to the surname.

Gao's surname mainly comes from: Jiang's surname.

originated from the origin of Gao's surname

originated from the Jiang's surname , and came from the Western Zhou Dynasty Duke Wen of Qi Prince Gao, the son of Lu Chi.The surname Jiang was originally a descendant of Emperor Yan, while the Gao family was a descendant of Emperor Yan. The first ancestor of Gao family's blood ties was Yan Emperor, and the ancestor of the surname was Gao. Because Emperor Yan Shennong was born in Jiangshui, he took Jiang as his surname. Boyi, the 17th generation grandson of Emperor Yan, made great contributions to assisting Dayu in controlling the floods and was named Marquis of Lu, and his descendants also regarded Lu as their clan. Jiang Shang, the 37th generation grandson of Lu Hou Boyi, was Jiang Taigong, also known as Lu Shang and Lu Wang , assisted King Wen and King Wu of Zhou to destroy Shang and establish Zhou, and was granted the title of Qi State. The State of Qi was passed down to Jiang Chi, the grandson of Taigong 8, and Duke Wen was granted the title of Gaoyi and was called Gongzi Gao. According to the etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty, his grandson took the name of the clan as his clan and was Gao Ji. When Gao Jie was the Supreme Minister of Qi, he welcomed Prince Xiaobai as his lord, and he was Duke Huan of Qi. Gao Ji became the ancestor of the famous Gao family in Bohai. Gao Zhi, the 7th generation grandson of Gao Qi, was squeezed out by Gongsun Zao and Gongsun Teng in Qi and fled to Yan. Gao Zhi's ninth generation grandson Gao Liang was the Situ of the Song Dynasty, and Gao Liang's 10th generation grandson Gao Hong was the magistrate of Bohai County in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Gao Yin and Gao Zhan, a descendant of Gao Hong, founded the Gao clan of Yuyang and Gao clan of Liaodong, and Gao clan of another descendant, Gao Qing, founded the Gao clan of Guangling. Gao Boxiang, a descendant of the Gao family of Bohai, founded the Gao family of Jingzhao. Most of the people of the Gao clan surname of Jiang respect Gao Ji as the ancestor of the De surname, and some also respect Gao Qumi (Jiang Qumi) and Gao Ke as the ancestor of the De surname.

originated from the Jiang surname , and comes from the son of Gongzi Qi, the son of Duke Hui of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. He belongs to the clan of the ancestors. He took the name of Wangfu as his clan. Qi Hui was the son of Duke Huan of Qi and Shao Wei Ji, the concubine of Duke Huan of Qi, and was the king of Qi for 10 years. The son of Duke Hui of Qi was named Gongzi Qi, whose courtesy name was Zigao. His descendants also took Gao as their surname and were named Gao from Shandong.

originated from Xianbei :

Northern Wei Xiaowen Tuoba Hong ( Yuan Hong) vigorously implemented political reforms in the 17th to 20th year of Taihe (493 to 496 in Xiyuan), and implemented cultural sinicization policies. In this process, the northern Hu people's polysyllable duplex surname was changed to the single surname of Chinese characters. The Xianbei Tuoba tribe changed to the Gao family, which was later integrated into the Han people. It is one of the Gao family in Henan. There are Shangaolou Village and Shuanggaolou Village in the west of the city of Feng County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province. It is speculated that it is the Lou family of the Xianbei gentry, and there is a Gao family in Shangaolou Village.

At the end of the Eastern Wei regime during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Xianbei people Yuan Jing'an were awarded the title of Duxiangnan, Xihua County by Gao Huan, the prime minister of the Eastern Wei. After his son Gao Yang deposed Emperor Xiaojing of the Eastern Wei in the eighth year of Wuding in the Yuanshan Dynasty (550 AD), and established the Northern Qi regime, he gave him the noble surname Gao in the first year of Tianbao (550 AD). In addition, the Xianbei people Yuan Wenyao was also highly valued by the kings Gao Yang and Gao Yan during the Northern Qi Dynasty. Because he was successful in embracing the king Gao Zhan ascended the throne, the later lord Gao Wei issued an edict to give him the surname Gao in the second year of Tiantong (566 AD). Their descendants took Gao as their surname, and were also one of the Gao clans in Henan.

During the Sixteen Kingdoms, Murong Yun, a Xianbei tribe of the King of the Later Yan, changed his surname to Gao Yang, and then changed his surname to Gao Yun. Under this historical background, most of his descendants changed their surname to Murong to the single surname Gao. Later, they were later Chinese and became the mainstream of Gao's family in Hebei. The descendants changed their duplicate surname to single surname, which was called Gao. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Yuan clan and Xu clan of Xianbei changed their surnames to Gao clan. Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi was named Gao Xiang. At that time, there were the Xianbei tribes of Yuan Jing'an and Yuan Wenyao, who changed the Chinese character to Yuan. Because he was successful in Northern Qi, Gao Yang gave them the surname "Gao". In addition, Gao Longzhi, an important official in the Northern Qi Dynasty, was originally named Xu. Because his father had a strong relationship with Gao Huan, he changed it to Gao. When the Gao clan established the Northern Qi regime, its surname was the national surname of the Northern Qi regime. So the Northern Qi emperor gave him the surname Gao clan to show his favor. Xu Ziyuan changed his surname to Gao clan. His descendants later developed in the area of ​​Qi County, Henan and became a prominent family in the local area, which was one of the Gao clans in Henan. The eunuch of the Tang Dynasty, Gao Lishi, was Feng Ang's great-grandson. His original surname was Feng. Later, he was adopted by Gao Yanfu, so he was changed to Gao's family. The duplicate surname of two characters starting with the character "Gao" is later changed to the single surname "Gao" to the surname. For example: Gaoche, Gaotang, Gaoyang, Gaoling, etc. When the Gao clan established the Northern Qi regime, the Gao clan was the national surname of Northern Qi, so the Northern Qi emperor gave him the surname Gao clan to show his favor.

originated from Manchu and belongs to the Chinese version of the surname to the surname.From the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China, there were a large number of changes in Manchu surnames changing to Han surnames. Some were translated as Han surnames with the Manchu surname, and Gao Jia family changed to Gao family. (The x Jia family among the Manchu surnames were originally Han people. After the Han people were captured as a banish or volunteered to be slaves and became a banner, they were given Manchu surnames. The form is to add a good character to the back of their original surname.)

Manchu Duola family, also known as Diao Luo family and Zuolulu family, is Dolo Hala in Manchu language, and is "Nei" in Han meaning. They live in Yehe (now Jilin Lishu) and Donghai (now coastal area of ​​Russia). Later, they are mostly named the Han surnames Gao family and Zhao family.

The Gaojia family of Manchus was Gaogiya Hala, the Manchu language was originally the Han people. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, they were captured by the Wuhuan tribe of the Liaodong Xianbei and integrated into the Xianbei. Later, they gradually evolved into the Jurchens of Liaodong, living in Gaizhou (now Gaizhou, Liaoning), Liaoyang (now Liaoyang, Liaoning), Wula (now Yongji, Jilin) ​​and other places. Later, there were those who were introduced as surnames by the Xibe tribe. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Han surname was often named Gao.

Manchu Gorji clan, also known as Gerci Hala, Manchu language, lived in Nimacha (now Ussurisk, Russia on the other side of Xingkai Lake in Muling, Heilongjiang). Later, many of the Han surnames were named Gao clan.

Manchu Sakda clan, originally the Bayala clan, later used the land as the clan, and the Manchu word was Sakda Hala, which is "old and old" in the Han Dynasty. It lived in Sakda (now Fushunxia River Basin, Liaoning), Ningguta (now Ning'an, Heilongjiang), Ahu River (now 60 kilometers south of Ning'an, Heilongjiang), Yehe (now Jilin Lishu), Hetuala (now Yongling Town, Xinbin, Liaoning), Namudulu (now coastal area of ​​Russia), Deli Wohe (now on the banks of Donghun River in Fushun, Liaoning), Heilongjiang River Basin and other places. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, most of the surnames of the Chinese characters were Gao, Cang, Cang, Ma, Luo, Li, Zu, Hai, Sa, Li, Chen, Luo, Lao, Ying, Ba, Se, Zang, Li, Li, Tong, Tuo, Weng, etc.

Manchu Guoluo family, also known as Guoerluo family, Guoluo family , Guo Boluo family, Manchu language is Gorolo Hala, and it is based on the land. It has lived in Neyin (now the upper reaches of the Songhua River in Fusong, Jilin), Zhanhe (now the Shuangyang River Basin of Jilin), Macha (now the Hunjiang River in Jilin) ​​and other places. Later, there were those who were introduced as surnames by the Xibe tribe. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, many of the Han surnames were named Gao, Guo, Guo, etc.

The Manchu Guoerjia family, also known as the Guo Luojia family and the Guerjia family, is Gorgiya Hala in Manchu language, and lives in Anbad Putbuzhantai (now southern Sanchazi, Tieling, Liaoning), Changbai Mountain District, Nenghe (now Nehe, Heilongjiang), and other places. Later, there were those who were introduced as surnames by the Xibe tribe. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, many of the Han surnames were named Gao, Guo, Gu's , etc.

originated from the Yuzhen family , originated from the Liao and Korean Peninsula in the Han and Tang dynasties, and belongs to the country name. The Yuzhen clan tribe was originally an ancient tribe in the Hunjiang River Basin in northeast China. It was a branch of the Fuyu clan of the ancient Yan State. Its original surname was Fuyu clan and was under the jurisdiction of Xuantu County during the Western Han Dynasty. In the second year of Jianzhao (37 BC), Emperor Yuan of the Western Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty was weak and declined. Gao Zhumeng (Gao Zoumu), the leader of the Yuzhen clan tribe, took the opportunity to establish the capital and become king in Heshenggucheng (now Huanren, Liaoning) and established the Goguli Kingdom. Zhumeng claimed to be a descendant of the Gaoyang clan, so he changed it to the single surname Gao clan. The Gao clan ruled in the Gogurye Kingdom for more than 600 years. During this historical period, it was called the "Fuyu clan" in the history of the Han Dynasty. In the third year of Yuanshi, Emperor Ping of the Western Han Dynasty (the 23rd year of Gao Lili, King Gogurye, King Goguryeo, moved his capital to the domestic city (now Ji'an, Jilin). In the eighth year of Jianhong in the Western Qin Dynasty (the 14th year of Gao Julian, the Changshou King of Goguryeo, 427 AD), the Changshou King of Goguryeo moved the capital to Wangjiancheng (now Pyongyang, North Korea). Since the king of Gogurye was the Gao family, the Gao family had a high political status during the existence of the ancient Liaodong Peninsula and the Korean Peninsula. During the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Gao Lin, a general who was once named the Marquis of Juye County, had his ancestor Goguryeo, and he joined the Northern Wei Dynasty during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the fifth generation, and has been passed down from generation to this day. The Yuzhen family of Goryeo was later changed to the Gao family.In the first year of Li Zhi Zongzhang of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty (the 26th year of Gao Baozang, Goguryeo, 668 AD), the Kingdom of Goguryeo was destroyed by Xu Shiji (Li Jie), the chief general of the Tang Dynasty army, and the Antonian Protector Xue Rengui. The Tang army captured Goguryeo and his powerful prime minister alive, slaughtered tens of thousands, and collected 690,000 households. Later, the Tang Dynasty established the Antonian Protectorate in Wangjian City. Later, a considerable number of Gao clans moved to the mainland of the Central Plains. The "Subject Totem" of Gao clans has been said to a certain extent, which reflects the history and development history of surnames. Although it cannot be taken completely seriously, it can learn a lot of knowledge from it.