Source: Science and Technology Daily
Scientific researchers at Shandong Crop Germplasm Resource Center have innovated the simplified seed production technology of green manure light. The picture shows a bee collecting honey on the new green manure line "Lulan No. 1". Photo provided by the interviewee
. The whole body is white and crystal clear. After cooking, the taste is smooth and vigorous; honey with amber color on the outside tastes vanilla, but it tastes sweet but not greasy... If you want to ask where these foods that are loved by the people come from, the answer is green manure, that is, fertilizer made of green plants. Turning green manure into food is what the "National Green Manure Industry Technology System" Comprehensive Utilization Team (hereinafter referred to as the Comprehensive Utilization Team) of the Shandong Crop Germplasm Resource Center is doing, and it is also the central topic that the National Green Manure Processing Seminar held recently focused.
Food ginger , February orchid, Vanilla , Arrow pea , zirconia and other crops turned into the soil to become fertilizer. These plants are green manure crops, and their green plants are called green manure. Focusing on green manure, the research team developed light and simplified seed production technology, deep processing of green manure into vermicelli, edible oil and honey-source plants, and even silage or grass pellets. In the process, it won 6 invention patents and 4 provincial, industry and college-level scientific and technological awards.
Traditional puzzle: 25 steps to make fans
Traditional fan manufacturing process "Sour pulp method" is a common method for Chinese fan processing companies to obtain starch. Soy pulp is a liquid containing a large amount of microorganisms and organic acids formed by the natural fermentation of soy milk. Adding it to newly ground soy milk can quickly separate the starch from other substances.
The specific process is to use natural microorganisms to ferment the protein and starch in the solution after beating, and then use microorganisms to settle for a long time to obtain purer starch. Then, the vermicelli is deep-processed to obtain the vermicelli after stirring, paste, leakage, marination, cooling, drying, etc.
Experts from Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences told Science and Technology Daily that the advantage of traditional methods is to preserve the integrity of starch granules to the greatest extent and retain the nutritional value of starch, and the processed vermicelli has a better taste. The disadvantage is that the production cycle is long, the water consumption is large, the seasonal impact is also large, and the experience dependence is strong. Taking mung bean vermicelli as an example, from mung beans to finished fans, the traditional fan production process takes nearly 25 steps to complete. This chain itself is a water-consuming and time-consuming process.
In response to the above disadvantages, the comprehensive utilization team has made new discoveries in the research, that is, "Arrow peas are suitable for fans."
small test: Arrow pea's value doubles
By detecting the starch characteristics of 123 Arrow pea germplasm resources at home and abroad, the comprehensive utilization team found that the resistant starch content in Arrow pea seeds is significantly higher than that in pea starch, mung bean starch, sweet potato starch, etc. This means that the starch of Arrow Pea is tough and is suitable for processing starch products such as vermicelli, vermicelli, and jelly. At the same time, due to the high resistant starch content, the Arrow Pea vermicelli is highly digestible and has a lower blood sugar index than that of ordinary starch vermicelli.
However, the seeds of Arrow Pea have high protein content and are difficult to separate from starch, so the starch produced has a low purity. After dozens of experiments, the comprehensive utilization team finally found a solution, namely, to improve the existing production process, and to assist in adjusting the acidity by adding microorganisms, so that the seed coat, protein and starch are separated thoroughly, and the purity of the isolated starch is improved.
Experts from the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences said that pectinase and cellulase bacteria were added in the "soaking" stage of traditional powder making, and lactic acid bacteria and subtilis suitable for starch flocculation and subtilis lactic acid bacteria and subtilis lactic acid bacteria and subtilis are specially designed for starch characteristics of scientific researchers, which is conducive to the integrity of starch granules, and is conducive to starch flocculation and separation of starch and protein.
How much will the inconspicuous arrow peas be processed into fans? Zhang Xiaodong, a job scientist at the comprehensive utilization team, did some calculations with the reporter, "1,000 kilograms of arrow pea seeds can process 300 kilograms of fans and 160 kilograms of protein powder , fans 60 yuan/kilogram, protein powder 600 yuan/kilogram, and the output value is 102,000 yuan. And 1,000 kilograms of arrow pea seeds only cost 6,000 yuan."This means that the value of the arrow peas will be increased by 17 times by processing vermicelli and protein powder.
solves the pain points: expand to the front end of the industry
extends to the front end of the industry, and the comprehensive utilization team is actively expanding.
reporter learned that while carrying out comprehensive utilization and processing research on green manure, the comprehensive utilization team is also silently engaged in green manure breeding. At present, 3 green manure varieties and 5 new green manure series have been successfully selected and bred. The former has been approved by the provincial variety approval department; the latter has met the conditions for participating in regional experiments and production tests, and is to be approved and popularized.
For experts of the "National Green Manure Industry Technology System", it is not easy to achieve the above achievements. Zhang Xiaodong told reporters that the successful breeding of a green manure variety must go through the steps of parent selection, purification and rejuvenation, multi-source hybridization, product ratio test, regional test, production test, etc., which generally takes 8-10 years.
During the research and development process, the comprehensive utilization team faced many difficulties. In the end, they broadened the genetic foundation through germplasm resources collection, and solved the problems of self-incompatibility and low seed yield through mixed breeding, and overcame a series of technical problems such as narrow genetic foundation and low seed yield.
"The current domestic and foreign research on the comprehensive utilization and processing of green manure is almost blank. "Zhang Xiaodong said that the relevant research is very challenging and interesting. "My research team is confident that by expanding the comprehensive utilization of green manure, we can achieve the value-added and efficiency of the green manure industry, so that the traditional crop of green manure will continue to play a role in the modern agricultural industrial system. ” (Reporter Wang Yanbin)
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