Last week, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the " Chip and Science Act" (hereinafter referred to as the Chip Act), which will subsidize tens of billions of dollars of subsidies for new chip factories in the United States as an incentive measure. The bill was originally planned to be signed by the US president on Tuesday, but since the new crown of Biden and were tested positive again, the signing plan for the chip bill was also postponed, and there is no clear time to be announced yet.
The industry is worried that after the signing and implementation of the chip bill, it may force chip manufacturers such as TSMC to choose between China and the United States, which will have an adverse impact on the future diversified development of enterprises.
, the chip bill that subsidies to the semiconductor industry, stipulates that companies that receive subsidies will be restricted from conducting major transactions in China and elsewhere in the next ten years, which means that companies will be restricted if they want to expand their production capacity outside the United States.
An industry insider told reporters that chip manufacturers including TSMC, , Samsung , etc. all have factories in China, and the development strategies of these companies in China may change in the future.
public information shows that TSMC has a 16-nanometer and 28-nanometer chip manufacturing factory in Nanjing, Samsung has a memory chip manufacturing factory in Xi'an, SK Hixli has a memory chip manufacturing factory in Wuxi and Dalian, and Intel and Micron also have chip packaging and test factories in China.
Many of the above companies have announced plans to invest and build factories in the United States. TSMC will invest at least $12 billion in Arizona to produce 5nm process chips for consumer electronics . The factory is currently under construction and aims to be completed by the end of next year. The project is also expected to receive subsidies from the US chip bill; Samsung also announced that it will invest $17 billion in Texas .
TSMC is currently the world's largest and most advanced chip manufacturer. It plays a pivotal role in the global chip supply chain, producing chips for American companies such as Apple , Qualcomm , Nvidia, etc. According to data from the American Semiconductor Industry Association, TSMC has more than 50% of the global semiconductor foundry market. Taiwan chip manufacturers, including TSMC, supply more than 90% of the world's advanced technology chips, and Apple's A-series and M-series chips are also manufactured by TSMC.
TSMC has announced that it has invested US$100 billion in the next three years to expand the manufacturing capacity of wafer and its technology research and development. However, because chip manufacturing facilities are very complex and rely on the global supply chain from materials to chemicals, software to test equipment, TSMC wants to build a new chip industry chain in the United States, and it is also "bottled" by suppliers. These technologies involve hundreds of raw materials, special gases and metals, consumable parts, etc., and it is difficult for manufacturers to control the entire supply chain.
Due to the soaring global chip demand, chip manufacturing capabilities are still facing shortages, and countries are working hard to build more chip manufacturing bases. Taiwan chip factories operated by TSMC and others are allegedly running at full capacity, and they have managed to increase production by about 5% in recent months in an attempt to alleviate chip shortages.
However, the cost of rebuilding the production line is high. According to Bain's data, it will take about $40 billion to increase US chip production capacity by 5% to 10%. The United States will need to spend about $110 billion in chip investment in the next decade.
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