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Treasure Island Taiwan has been a part of China since ancient times. During the Xia and Shang dynasties, Taiwan was mentioned in the records of the territory. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Taiwan was called "Island Yi" and during the Three Kingdoms Period, it was also called " Yizhou ". Sun Quan of the Eastern Wu also sent troops to Taiwan. Shen Ying, the prefect of Danyang of the Eastern Wu, also wrote "Linhai Water and Earth Records", which is the earliest record of Taiwan in the world. However, because the people of the Eastern Wu were not adapted to the local conditions in Taiwan, they were forced to leave before they even established the administrative organization . This state continued until , the Song Dynasty .
Liuqiu refers to Taiwan. Historically, "Liuqiu" has also been written as "Liuqiu", "Liuqiu", etc.
Song Dynasty, on Penghu Island had developed to a certain scale. In 1171 AD, PM PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 PM 5 Later in the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan still set up a Penghu Inspection Department in the 27th year of the to the Yuan Dynasty (1290 AD), which was affiliated to Tong'an Prefecture, Fujian Province, and was responsible for managing the Penghu Islands and Taiwan.
In the Ming Dynasty, Taiwan was also known as "Dongfan", "Master", "Dayuan" and "Dawan" (the name of the Pingpu clan society at that time, and was transliterated as "Master" in southern Fujian dialect). The Penghu Inspection Department, which was established in Taiwan, was initially abolished due to the implementation of the sea ban. In 1536 AD, it was re-established in consideration of coastal security and other factors, and Taiwan's exchanges with the people of the mainland are becoming increasingly close.
generals Shen Yourong recovered Taiwan three times
In the winter of 1601 AD, the Japanese pirates (Japanese) invaded the East (Taiwan), "poaching all the things they want, and returning to their nests when they want them, Zhang Le held a banquet for joy", and the people of Taiwan suffered a lot. When Shen Yourong, who was guarding the coast of Fujian at that time, learned about it, he actively prepared for the war. In the winter of 1602 AD, he personally led 21 warships to secretly send troops at the risk of a typhoon, landed on the beach, fought hard, defeated the Japanese pirates, and recovered Taiwan in one fell swoop. This is the first time in Chinese history that he has recovered Taiwan by force.
"The Legend of the East", author Chen Di, records the experience of accompanying Shen Yourong to pacify Japanese pirates in 1602.
However, the peaceful days did not take long, and after two years, Taiwan was invaded by Dutch colonists again.
1 In August 604, Dutch sea general Wei Malang arrived at Penghu Island with three East India Company merchant ships and began to build a large-scale construction on the island, attempting to colonize Penghu Island. After Shen Yourong learned about it, he did not attack, so he asked 50 warships to surround two Dutch gunboats. He boarded the Dutch ship alone to negotiate with the Dutch , pointing out the interests and making a solemn declaration, and finally forced him to leave, and Penghu Island returned to peace again. The local people praised Shen and erected the "Shen Yourong Yu's Defeat the Red-Haired Fan Wei Malang Monument" for him.
Stone tablet that records Shen Yourong's achievements
Just 12 years after the Dutch withdrew, civil strife broke out in the Japanese pirates. Some Japanese samurai fled from , Japanese to Penghu, and there were two main groups. One group was the Tokugawa Ieyasu Shogunate who attacked Penghu under the leadership of fellow Akashi, and the other group was the Japanese pirates in Sanye. In 1617 AD, the Japanese shogunate, Tokugawa Ieyasu, ordered Nagasaki Yokomurayama and others to occupy Taiwan.
At this time, Shen Yourong, who was over 50 years old, faced the precarious Ming Dynasty and set off again in times of crisis. He first subdued fellow Akashi with his reputation, and then took advantage of the hatred between them to adopt the strategy of "using Japanese to control Japanese" and ultimately forced the stubborn Japanese pirates on the island to surrender, and Taiwan recovered them again.
generals Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan, which had been occupied for 38 years,
In the late Ming Dynasty, the government was corrupt and incompetent, and the Dutch invaders took advantage of the situation and occupied Taiwan in 1624. After Taiwan became a Dutch colony, the local people rose up to resist, but were suppressed by the Dutch invaders until the 18th year of Shunzhi (1661).
In March of this year, in order to expel the Dutch invaders, Zheng Chenggong established an anti-Qing base and decided to regain Taiwan. He asked his son Zheng Jing to lead a part of the army to stay in Xiamen , and personally led 25,000 soldiers and more than 300 warships to set out from Kinmen in a mighty manner. When the people of Taiwan heard that Zheng Chenggong was coming, they were overjoyed and provided information and materials to support Zheng Chenggong's battle.
Dutch invaders were very frightened when they heard that Zheng Chenggong was coming. They concentrated their troops in two castles, Taiwan (now Dongping region, Taiwan) and Chicli (now Tainan), and also sunk a ship at the port to prevent Zheng Chenggong's fleet from landing. Zheng Chenggong cleverly deployed, allowing some troops to attract the enemy, while the rest landed at Luermen, detoured behind the enemy, surrounded Relanzha City . After 8 months of fierce battle, he finally conquered Relanzha City.
Relandzha is the center of the Dutch rule in Taiwan. After being captured by Zheng Chenggong, the Dutch Governor-General, Kyuichi, was forced to surrender. Taiwan, which had been trapped for 38 years, finally returned. "Relanzha City" was also changed to " Anping City ", which is the origin of the name " Anping Castle " today. Zheng Chenggong also set up Chengtianfu in Tainan, and set up Wannian County and Tianxing County in the north and south respectively. This is the first administrative division in Taiwan's history.
generals Shi Lang , regaining Taiwan
1661 Zheng Chenggong died of illness just 4 months after he recovered Taiwan , and his son Zheng Jing succeeded to the throne. In this year, Emperor Yongli was executed, Emperor Shunzhi died, and the four auxiliary ministers of the Qing Dynasty were in power, and they turned to restore the economy and stabilize the political situation. They adopted the policy of recruiting and advocating Zheng Jing as the main and attack as the auxiliary. However, Zheng Jing did not accept the court's pacification and insisted on "according to the Korean law" and "not shave his hair." Emperor Kangxi pointed out that "Korea has always been a foreign country, Zheng Jing is a Chinese person, and Taiwan is a Chinese territory." However, Zheng Jing identified Taiwan as far away and "not belonging to the (China) territory." It can be seen that Zheng Jing already had an independent idea.
1683, Kangxi decided to "take the opportunity to recover Penghu and Taiwan." On June 16 of the same year, Shi Lang led the Qing Navy to fight and won the first battle in Penghu in just 7 days. After the Qing army captured Penghu, the Zheng Dynasty in Taiwan was no longer able to resist the Qing army. Zheng Kezhan had to surrender, ending his 22-year rule in Taiwan, and Taiwan was also included in the Qing Dynasty.
Shi Lang statue
In fact, after Taiwan recovered, there was a dispute within the Qing court over whether to retain Taiwan. Most court officials believed that Taiwan Island was isolated overseas, and the governance cost was too high and it was not worth keeping. This made Shi Lang anxious and quickly submitted a memorial to the historical records of "Remembrance of the Condor Heroes of Taiwan".
"Respecting the Memorial on Taiwan's Abandoned Remaining" firmly advocates stationed in Taiwan. Shi Lang said that Taiwan is related to the important protection of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and other places, and Western invaders such as the Netherlands want to invade Taiwan at all times. If we do not station on Taiwan, then the Western invaders will definitely make a comeback again. It will be very difficult to own Taiwan at that time. When Kangxi and some ministers heard this, they finally realized it and decided to stay in Taiwan.
Finally, Emperor Kangxi ordered the establishment of Taiwan Prefecture in 1684 (the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi), which was under the jurisdiction of Fujian Province. It was under the jurisdiction of Taiwan, Zhuluo and Fengshan County, and sent 10,000 troops to station in Taiwan. In 1885, the Qing government established Taiwan Province again.
However, later, with the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government, the Qing government was defeated and signed the "Harvest Treaty of Shimonoseki ", and Taiwan was ceded to Japan. Since then, Taiwan has become a colony of Japan.
1945, Taiwan recovered
World War II , and China became one of the main forces of anti-fascism. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, National Government announced to the world in the "Notice of Declaration of War": All treaties involving Sino-Japanese relations will be abolished and Taiwan should be returned to China.This principled position is supported by the allies. The " Cairo Declaration " and the " Potsdam Announcement " clearly stipulate that Japan should return the territories stolen from China, such as Taiwan and the Penghu Islands. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, in September 1945, Chiang Kai-shek sent 6 divisions, 20 warships, and 2 flight brigades to Taiwan to participate in the reception. At 9 a.m. on October 25, the Chief Executive of the National Government of Taiwan Province, Chen Yi , accepted the surrender of the Japanese Governor-General of the Army at the Taipei Guild Hall (now Zhongshan Hall ), and solemnly declared: "From today, Taiwan and the Penghu Islands will officially re-enter China's territory, and all lands are under the sovereignty of the Chinese government. I especially report to our compatriots around the world that Taiwan has now been liberated!" On this day, Taiwanese people took to the streets to celebrate warmly.
On October 25, 1945, Taiwanese people celebrated their liberation.
But just a few years after the Taiwanese people celebrated their liberation, the civil war broke out again. On April 23, 1949, Chiang Kai-shek chose to retreat to Taiwan. Before leaving, he went to his mother's grave to worship for the last time. It can be seen that he did not want to leave, but he had to leave. After retreating to Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek had always wanted to "counterattack the mainland." Moreover, in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek's military strength was greater than that of the People's Liberation Army (Navy and Air Force), but Chairman Mao did not want to sacrifice too much of the lives of the People's Liberation Army and innocent people for this. Considering that the reason for the separation of Taiwan between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait was the political confrontation and military confrontation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. In order to safeguard the fundamental interests of the people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, he has always hoped to adopt a peaceful way to unify the motherland within the Chinese people.
In order to promote the peaceful reunification of the motherland, Chairman Mao invited Zhang Shizhao to Hong Kong in the spring of 1956 and brought a letter to Chiang Kai-shek. The letter put forward the above views and told Chiang Kai-shek: "The tomb of Fenghua is still there, and the flowers and plants in Xikou are safe." But Chiang Kai-shek was very suspicious and did not respond to the opinions of the Communist Party of China. I just entrusted my old friend Cao Juren to visit the mainland and take some photos of his hometown for him.
Cao Juren returned to the mainland and received warm hospitality. Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou and others interviewed Cao, unleashed goodwill to Taiwan, and proposed the third cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Chairman Mao also wrote a poem "The bright moon is still there, when will the colorful clouds return?" He hoped that Chiang could return to the mainland to spend his old age in peace, and was conveyed by Cao Juren. Cao Juren also took photos and recorded the scenery of Fenghua today, Jiang's ancestral home, Chiang Kai-shek's mother's tomb, and brought it back to Taiwan for Chiang Kai-shek to see. When Chiang Kai-shek looked at these photos, he felt a lot of emotion!
According to the "Outline of the History of the Kuomintang-Communist Negotiation", during the talks with Jiang Ching-kuo , Cao Juren introduced the conditions of the Communist Party of China, and then discussed and negotiated one by one. The Jiang father and son also kept putting forward their own opinions. After several discussions, six conditions were quickly reached, the main content was:
(I) Chiang Kai-shek returned to the mainland with his old subordinates, and could settle in any province or region outside Zhejiang Province, and remained the president of the Kuomintang. Beijing recommends allocating the Lushan area of Jiangxi to Chiang Kai-shek for his residence and office;
(2) Chiang Ching-kuo was appointed as the governor of Taiwan. In addition to handing over diplomacy and military affairs, Beijing only insists that those who must farm in agriculture must have their own fields;
(3) Taiwan shall not accept any military and economic aid from the United States. If there are financial difficulties, Beijing will allocate subsidies based on the amount of support from the United States;
(IV) The Taiwan Navy and Air Force will be incorporated into Beijing to control. The army was reduced to four divisions, one of which was stationed in Xiamen and Kinmen areas and three divisions were stationed in Taiwan;
(5) Xiamen and Kinmen were merged into a free city, serving as a buffer and liaison area between Beijing and Taipei. The mayor of the city is also the commander of the garrison. This division commander was appointed by Taipei after soliciting Beijing's approval. His qualifications should be lieutenant general of the army and were politically accepted by Beijing;
(VI) The ranks and treatment of civil and military officials in Taiwan remain unchanged. People’s life guarantees can only be improved, not reduced.
"Outline of the History of the Kuomintang-Communist Negotiation" was published in October 1996, authors: Fan Xiaofang, Mao Lei.
1957 and 1958 Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou met with Cao Juren in Beijing twice. Chairman Mao once said: As long as the United States is different, Taiwan, Penghu, and Kinmen Matsu can be managed by Chiang no matter how many years it takes. Let him do Three Principles of the People , don’t have white spies, and I won’t go to Red spies. He also said, "The people of Taiwan can find their own way of life."
If we can follow the above trend, Taiwan's return to the motherland is just around the corner, but unfortunately, China later entered "ten years of turmoil."
In 1975, in Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek instructed the Kuomintang veteran Chen Lifu to express to the mainland through Hong Kong's secret channels that he hoped to invite Mao Zedong to visit Taiwan, but Chairman Mao was no longer suitable for travel at that time. Later, Chiang Kai-shek passed away and the cross-strait ties were interrupted again, leaving regrets again.
China's understanding of Taiwan has been more than two thousand years. China has been developing Taiwan for nearly a thousand years since it has developed, and Taiwan is an inseparable part of China. Taiwan’s return has been bumpy in history, and Taiwan’s return has been arduous in history, but the return is the general trend.
On September 21, Ma Xiaoguang, director of the Propaganda Bureau and spokesperson of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, said at a press conference that after the reunification of the cross-strait, Taiwan can implement a social system different from the mainland of the motherland. He said: "' One Country, Two Systems ' is the most inclusive plan proposed to solve the differences between the social system of the cross-strait and the ideology . It is a peaceful plan, a democratic plan, a good-willed plan, and a win-win plan. To achieve peaceful reunification of the cross-strait in accordance with the 'one country, two systems' will bring tangible benefits to Taiwan's economic and social development and the vast number of Taiwanese compatriots."
(Editor: As expected)
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