As of April 2, WHO 11 countries in the European region and 1 country in the Americas region reported at least 169 cases of acute hepatitis of children of unknown causes. Among them, there were 114 cases in the UK, 13 cases in Spain, 312 cases in Israel, 9 cases in the United States, 6 cases in Denmark, Ireland, 5 cases in Netherlands, 34 cases in Italy, 4 cases in Norway, 32 cases in France, 2 cases in Romanian 1 cases in and 31 cases in Belgium.
All patients in all cases ranged from 1 month to 16 years old. Seventeen children (about 10%) needed liver transplant treatment, and at least one died. The clinical syndrome of confirmed cases of
is acute hepatitis, with liver enzyme significantly increased, usually accompanied by jaundice , and sometimes abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting. Most cases do not have fever. In terms of epidemic investigation, based on the current data, no link between cases in different countries has been found.
WHO said it is not clear whether the number of hepatitis cases of unknown cause is still increasing. The WHO has previously recommended that countries identify, investigate and report potential cases that meet the case definition, so more cases that have been ignored in the past few months have been expected.
The cause of these cases is under investigation. The WHO said that in these cases, laboratory tests have excluded the hepatitis A, B, C, D and E virus , at least 74 people have detected the adenovirus , and 20 have detected the new coronavirus infection. In addition, 19 people were infected with , the new coronavirus, and the adenovirus. However, the role of these viruses in pathogenesis is not yet known.
Although adenovirus is a major pathogen hypothesis at present, it does not fully explain the symptoms of severe hepatitis in patients. Because adenoviruses rarely cause severe hepatitis in healthy people, and this is even rarer in children without serious health problems.
Experts from the European Center for Disease Control and Prevention believe that even if the cause of the disease is adenovirus infection with , it may be related to the new crown pandemic. Many young children have not been exposed to common viruses from the outside world due to long-term isolation during the epidemic. When masks are removed and social distancing measures are lifted, their resistance to external infections may become more vulnerable.
adenovirus is a common class of viruses that usually cause a range of mild illnesses, including colds, vomiting and diarrhea, and usually does not cause hepatitis. Adenovirus is an important cause of fever disease in young children. It is the most common cause of upper respiratory syndrome and can also cause pneumonia. In rare cases, it can cause digestive system, eye, genital and neurological diseases.
adenoviruses usually spread between people and through contact with contaminated surfaces and through the respiratory tract. The most effective way to reduce the transmission of adenovirus is to maintain good hand and respiratory hygiene and supervise young children to wash their hands thoroughly.
At present, further investigations are underway in the country where cases have been found, including more detailed clinical and exposure history and virology /microbiological tests. The affected countries have also begun to strengthen monitoring activities.
Source: The Paper
Editor: Zhen Ruowen
Editor: Lai Ting
Review: Zhang Jiawei
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