The center of the earth is the core, which is divided into two layers. The inside is a solid core of solid iron at 6000 degrees Celsius; the outside is a liquid core of 2200 degrees Celsius composed of molten iron and nickel.
Liquid iron contains many charged particles, and charged particles will move towards the lower pressure mantle under pressure. The moving liquid iron conducting current naturally forms a permanent magnetic field, thus generating stable south and north magnetic poles.
According to inertial thinking, other planets in the universe should also have two magnetic poles like the earth. But this is not the case. Among the eight planets, there are two exceptions: Uranus and Neptune .
On January 24, 1986, the United States Voyager 2 flew over Uranus at a distance of 81,400 kilometers. During the two hours closest to Uranus, the researchers carefully explored the Uranus system.
This investigation made the researchers very puzzled, because according to the test and record of the "magnetic field intensity meter", Uranus's magnetic field is very complex. In addition to the north and south poles, it also has multiple poles, and the rotation direction and angle are not consistent. The same phenomenon also occurred on Neptune.
Uranus and Neptune are called "sister stars". They are both gas planets ; they are both ice giant planets , Uranus' minimum temperature is -224 degrees Celsius, and Neptune's minimum temperature is -218 degrees Celsius; the atmospheric composition of the two planets is basically the same, both 83% hydrogen + 15% nitrogen + 2% methane .
Through these commonalities, scientists conducted rigorous analysis and speculation. Some people pointed out that the chaos in the magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune is likely to be the result of the circulation of thin shells. That is, the current operation of the planet is not based on the occurrence of the earth's core, but is driven by a galvanic fluid composed of water, methane, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the thin shell, which is referred to as the "generator effect".
1988, scientists began to detect the inside of the planet. It was surprisingly discovered that the water-rich planets such as Uranus and Neptune will have an abnormal ice element - ice 18 due to extreme pressure and extreme temperatures.
Ice 18 is a superion conductor, part of which is solid and part of which is liquid. It is the widespread and large number of ice eighteen in the mantle that causes Uranus and Neptune to have strange magnetic fields.
In 2019, scientists from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States successfully created ice 18 using high-energy lasers and X-rays. The scientists filled a thin layer of liquid water on the laboratory bench and then fired six laser beams into the water. These lasers instantly gave water a pressure of 4 million times the atmospheric pressure, and at the same time heated the water to 2760 degrees Celsius.
magic happens. Under the action of high temperature and high pressure, the oxygen atoms in it instantly freeze to form a square crystal lattice , forming a brand new ice crystal - ice 18. The hydrogen atom in the water will run around in the crystal lattice and will also produce positively charged proton , making ice 18 conductive.
The world is so great that it is all kinds of wonders. In everyone's concept, water will turn into water vapor under the action of high temperatures. But who would have thought that after the extremely high temperature of 2,000 degrees Celsius, water will turn into ice and cause magnetic field disorder?
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