Produced by: Popular Science China
Production: Lao Xu Novich
Producer: Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences
22 On the morning of the morning of 22, the sky in Beijing was flooded with the aircraft formations jointly trained at the National Day celebration! In the eyes of ordinary people, the most recognizable formation flying through the air is the formation with a rainbow.
△ Aircraft, large aircraft, large aircraft that jets rainbows (Picture source: China News Network)
Anyone with a little common sense knows that the four "big plate chickens" in front of them are large early warning aircraft known as the Air Commander's Mansion - KJ 2000. Since its service, "Big Pan Chicken" has occupied the position of the air team leader who cannot be struck by the H-6. This military parade should be no exception - the picture of this drill also illustrates this point (of course, who can take its place? Military fans are looking forward to the fourth 20). The escort team that followed with colorful tail smoke was the Air Force August 1st Flight Performance Team. Then, we can also confirm that at the grand military parade for the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China, the Air Force August 1st Flight Performance Team, known as the Blue Sky Honor Guard, will once again guard the leader plane and lead the flight formation to fly over the Tiananmen Square.
is different from the previous escort team lined up like geese wings on the left and right sides of the leader aircraft. During this exercise, we saw the eight-machine arrow formation on the back of the leader aircraft. This is a brand new formation form of the escort leader aircraft, which is more dynamic. Careful people can also notice that the formation spacing of this arrow-shaped formation is much closer than the subsequent large formations, which is the characteristic of the flight performance of the flight performance team. In other words, although the Bayi Flying Team performed a ceremonial mission this time, the formation was carried out in the form of intensive formations of aerobatics . To be more academic, it is called Eight-Arrow-type formation pulling smoke through the field - a minimalist version of the flight performance . What are you watching in the
flight performance?
flight performance, also known as aerobatics performance in the country. It is an aviation culture developed with the aviation industry. Its characteristics are thrilling aerial stunt performances and bright and beautiful paintings, with the purpose of giving the audience a beautiful enjoyment.
"Flight performance is a colorful, thrilling and magnificent aerobatic flight. The basic mission of the flying performance teams from all over the world is to fully utilize the performance of the aircraft, demonstrate the pilot's superb skills and professional qualities, and demonstrate the spirit, strength and culture of the country and nation." This is the caption of a short video of the Chinese Air Force official Weibo account of the August 1st Flight Performance Team of the Chinese Air Force, and it is also the best explanation of the flight performance activities.
However, this is not comprehensive. The performance aircraft used by the military flight performance team is a reflection of the country's scientific and technological strength, military strength and aviation industry strength. : The air force flight performance team of a major country is basically its main new fighter . Compared with the main fighter jets of Blue Angel/ Thunderbirds/Warriors/Swifts/August 1, the patrol and Red Arrow's trainer jets are exactly the same as their status in the Security Council.
In the early stage of the flight performance: "Flying up", let's see my plane invention
The history of the flight performance was accompanied by the invention and development of the plane. When the aircraft, a aircraft that is more important than air, first flew into the blue sky. As an inventor, the way to show its invention is nothing more than to show its new invention through a flight performance event. The test flight of Wright brothers' Flyer One is actually an informal flight performance. Before the aircraft completes its functional positioning as a production tool in a broad sense, flying activities similar to circus performances are almost the main business of flight adventurers.
http://n.miaoopai.com/media/xCHfeA~s2rW20XyP3w8eFfzJ04FYdwB4
replica version of the Flyer 1's performance has long since disappeared, but it has a bit of nostalgia.
Advanced Flight Performance: Cool stunts, come to watch
Early flight pioneers, when the audience no longer cheered for "flying", they all won applause with flying faster and more fancy stunt action .Amid the roar of the engine, human beings began to conquer the sky with their own wisdom - this is one of the core of the spiritual connotation of the Second Industrial Revolution. Compared to higher and faster than those beyond the audience's sight, performers are more inclined to fly more fancy stunt maneuvers with conspicuously painted planes, and even win applause by using a more adventurous way of performing acrobatics on the planes. This tradition is still preserved in some folk air performance teams in the West.
△ The classical biplane provides a lot of room for aerial acrobatic performances. (Picture source: http://news.sina.com.cn/w/p/2009-04-13/145417600072.shtml)
After years of evolution, the flying performance activity has changed continuously. It has always been within the area within the audience's field of view. The combination of basic movements such as climbing, diving, rolling, and somersaults has become a complete set of performance movements. During multi-plane flight performances, the interaction between formation and the aircraft can also be added to make the performance content richer and more thrilling.
"National" flight performance: It shows the strength
flight performance activity, especially the military-level flight performance team. The performance aircraft comes from active equipment, and the pilots are selected and rotated from fighter pilots, showing the national military strength . What is the performance level of a flight performance team reflects the overall quality of the country's air force.
Since it is a performance team, formation performance is generally indispensable. Through formation transformation, far more artistic effects than stand-alone performances can be shown. Therefore, the formation is good, the formation is tight, the formation is not left behind, and the formation is quickly gathered after dispersing, etc., reflects the overall training level and mastery of the performance team. Furthermore, it reflects whether the country can select enough experienced pilots to establish a flight performance team. It is obvious that the mini air force with only a few aircraft and the rookie air force, which cannot guarantee flight hours, cannot be qualified to select enough pilots to maintain routine performance activities, and the training level of the air force, which frequently makes mistakes at the air show, is naturally suspicious.
The rules passed down by the US Navy's "Blue Angel" performance team, the performance pilots do not wear anti-Dutch clothing, and the super dense devil formation is a perfect flight team. super-intensive formation not only reflects the pilot's bold and careful excellent flying skills, but also reflects the aircraft's good low-altitude and low-speed maneuverability. As a die-hard fan of the F-14 fighter, I can't find any other problems except for being dissatisfied with the current landline F/A-18 "Hornet" fighter fighter . The mixed formation performance of the two performance teams of the Russian alien aircraft, "Russian Warriors" (Su-27 series aircraft) + "Swifts" (MiG-29), is like the strictness of the same aircraft formation, which is very unique.
△ The super-intensive formation of the Blue Angels is always so impressive. The "ghosts" in the early years could fly out of such a dense devil formation. Today's intensive formation of Bumblebee maintains this fine tradition - the collisions in the formation are common - the flight safety supervisor must have a big heart. (Picture source: Blue Angel official website)
In addition to the level of flight performance, another important data: the frequency of performance is also an important parameter that reflects the strength of the country's air force. here, we can't help but talk about the US Air Force's "Thunderbird" performance team. Its high-density tour performances every year are very difficult to compare - the official website has more than 30 performances this year and next year.
This reflects that the "Thunderbird" pilot has good physical fitness and training level, and can also complete daily training during frequent transitions and performance breaks. It also reflects the top logistics of the US Air Force: a sufficient supply of spare parts and experienced ground crews. Coupled with the F-16's good maintenance characteristics and abundant heavy-duty transport aircraft transport ground crew spare parts and support equipment, the high driving rate of the "Thunderbird" tour is guaranteed. Don’t forget that Thunderbird is the main fighter of many American "friends". The high dispatch rate that Thunderbird can achieve also means that ordinary F-16 combat troops may also maintain fighter jets to a very high proper rate.
Modern elite fighters are actually very delicate. Some aircraft with poor maintenance are often detained as "Hangle Queen" and are ridiculed, such as the American F-15A fighter and B-1B bomber. The F/A-18 and F-20 that can run in the military trade market have no sales. This good maintenance is also an important plus: after all, no matter how good the advertising is, it is better to use facts to see how many times the "Thunderbird" flies in a year.
△ The "Elephant Walking" Thunderbird Flock (from Thunderbird official website aftunderbirds.com)
By the way, in 1987, as the prelude to the F-16's entry into China, the Thunderbird also performed a flight performance at , Beijing Nanyuan Airport. However, time has changed, and the F-16's entry into China was soon shelved. Five years later, a group of Su 27sks flew from Gongqingcheng in the north to China, and the Russian Warriors performance team using various sub-models of Su 27 became regular visitors to Zhuhai. 30 years have passed, Daxing Airport, located south of Beijing, has been opened recently, and Nanyuan Airport has also reached the moment to stop civil aviation operations.
△ At that time, Beijing citizens took photos in front of the Thunderbird Flock (Picture source: https://www.guancha.cn/history/2013_04_20_139890.shtml)
As for the question of which aircraft the military performance team representing the country uses, it is even more of a facade of a great country. Countries with conditions will try their best to equip flight teams with military backgrounds with their own aircraft, while major countries firmly demand that the main fighter jets as performance aircraft are not allowed to give in. Countries with slightly weak military strength will also choose domestic trainers with lower thresholds to show their achievements in the aviation industry. No matter how weak the country is, they can only choose to buy foreign aircraft to show their pilot training level.
As for the folk performance team, the active folk performance team represents abundant support from the aviation industry and aviation service industry, rich private pilot reserves and flight culture. In other words, around them, accompanied by the huge system support of the civil aviation manufacturing and service industry, the team of engineers in this system for parts manufacturing capabilities and maintenance is far more important than providing a little backup pilot.
flight performance, what type of aircraft is used?
Considering that the movements of the flight performance cannot be separated from the audience's field of view for too long, it is limited by the performance airspace of the limited height width, the flight quality of the flight performance aircraft tends to be more flexible and operable at low altitude and low speeds, with very small hover radius and somersault radius, and faster rolling speeds and other aircraft performance requirements. A country with choice will naturally select suitable aircraft from the family to form a flight performance team. It is obvious that those high-speed fighter jets and interceptors that pursue supersonic performance are unlikely to enter the ranks of the planes of the flight performance team, such as the famous MiG25, the Widow Manufacturer F104, etc. Large bomber transport aircraft usually do not perform aerobatics due to agility factors.
According to the differences in aircraft performance, professional aviation flight performance teams are generally divided into three categories:
The first category is the Blue Angel/Thunderbird/Warrior/Swift/August 1 flight performance team that uses the main fighter jet. The third generation of aircraft have excellent low-altitude and low-speed flight capabilities. As mentioned earlier, choosing them is the facade of the air force and aviation industry of major powers. In addition, military aircraft or manufacturers' aircraft will also perform single-air flight performances at the air show. At this time, you may also see the extreme stall movements, and of course there will also be single-air flight performances of bombers and transport aircraft. By the way, in order to promote the F-22A Raptor fighter, the United States also specially set up an F-22 stand-alone flight performance team to conduct performance activities. Here we also need to add the Army Wind and Thunder Performance Team, which uses gunship . The low-altitude maneuvering performance of armed helicopters that dance on the tip of the knife all year round is also very pleasing to watch, but professional gunship flight performances are rare, so we won't go into it here.
The second category is other countries that use trainer planes to interact with flight performances. After all, the main fighter jet is too expensive, and the flight performance of the trainer jet is very suitable for the requirements of flight performance activities, so this has become the choice of most countries.Apart from the old Europeans with deep aviation backgrounds such as Britain and France, who deliberately used trainers for artistic expression, the reason why other countries chose trainers was probably because they saved money and were easy to get started. Countries that pursue a little bit will strive to use the trainer aircraft produced by their own countries as the landlines for the performance team, and they also want to promote their country's aviation industry, such as India and South Korea. Chinese Air Force also established two flight performance teams, "Wings of the Sky" that uses the first-class teaching aircraft and the "Red Eagle" that uses the first-class teaching aircraft and the "Red Eagle" that uses the mid-class teaching aircraft K8, based on the flight school.
The third category is the folk flying performance team. This is the inheritance of the early flying adventure traditions of Western countries, mainly using propeller sports aircraft or antique aircraft. There are many folk flying performance teams active in Europe and the United States, with different sizes and extremely diverse aircraft models. These folk flying performance teams perform flights at various aviation festival activities, which is a microcosm of the extremely developed folk flying sports in Europe and the United States. Among them, the movements performed by using a fully powered sports aircraft can be better than the third-generation fighter jet. Many sports pilots can pull out 11G to 12G overloads during the performance, which is far beyond the licensed overload of fighters, which means that they can make extremely thrilling and exciting actions. And if an air show can invite an old World War II plane to the airport to perform, it will be even more respectable. A British man used a retired Harrier fighter to exchange the Rain 9 from China, and after repair, he returned to the blue sky and joined the flight performance industry.
"Somestor", "Fallen Leaves Floating", and the movements of flight performances are also given priority
The following is a schematic diagram to introduce some typical or special aerobatics movements. (Source of this set of diagrams: China Military Network http://www.81.cn/jskj/2016-05/13/content_7054515.html)
Basic action: Roll horizontally, rotate around the central axis of the fuselage. The maximum rolling speed is also one of the basic flight parameters of fighter jets.
Basic action: somersault. Usually a roller coaster likes the action, if the cobra moves over and forms a somersault of a very small radius, it is called the Florov Falun.
Yingmaiman somersault, a quick turnaround flight action, which is very practical.
Hammer maneuver: vertical climbing and falling in a vertical plane is also a quick maneuver to realize the turn. This action is similar to the air combat action yo-yo.
Fallen Leaves Floating: In fact, it is a controllable and easy to modify flat tail rotation. The accidental entry of the tail spin is the cause of many crashes. The tail spin test flight must be conducted before and after the fighter is finalized to study the method of changing the tail spin. Large bombers and transport aircraft strictly prohibit the tail spin. By the way, at the 2018 Zhuhai Air Show, the J-10 B test aircraft equipped with a new vector thrust engine made a beautiful fallen leaf floating movement. Judging from the structural characteristics of the tail, this aircraft was previously a prototype of the J-10 test flying tail spin.
The famous cobra maneuveres, pulling the elevation angle of the head higher than 90 degrees without changing the direction of the flight. Its enhanced version of the action is called Florov Falun. If you do this action on a horizontal plane, it is called a hook. The tactical value of this action is very controversial, that is, whether the energy loss caused by rapid change of the "super maneuverability" of the head pointing can bring enough tactical benefits.
clock, quickly climb high, slow down and change the movement of the head pointing. Another action that is very similar to it is called tail rush, the difference is the posture when it starts to fall. The actions above
are the basic action units in some stand-alone flight performances. By connecting them together, you can get a wonderful stand-alone flight performance.
What is a complete flight performance like?
Formation Flight Performance Due to the large number of aircraft, the aircraft models can also be not limited to the same type of aircraft. Various formation transformations bring complex performance movements and stronger artistic expression. is a set of action decompositions of the Mig-29 flight performance of the Swift Team given by the Russian website. It can be clearly understood how a set of action of the flight performance is stringed together by individual actions.
△ Decomposition of the performance action of Swift.The figure marks the height velocity of each action vertex and the height velocity of each action, unit meters and kilometers per hour. (Picture source: http://www.cannews.com.cn/2016/1026/159850.shtml)
After reading the decomposition of the swift, then understand the complete set of action diagrams of the J-10 flight performance in the picture below. If you observe carefully, you will find that this is also formed by the operation units. From this picture, we can also find that the entire set of actions of the air show is completed in a very limited airspace in front of the audience area, which has very high requirements for the aircraft's low-altitude and low-speed maneuverability and the pilot's operation.
△ The complete set of actions of the J-10 flight performance at the 60th anniversary celebration of the establishment of the Air Force. (Picture source: Xinhuanet) The sand sculpture team in the
flight performance is not just about the introduction of the Indian
serious flight performance. The following is a few performance projects that are not common.
The title of this section mentions India. So, the flight performance video of the LCA prototype accompanied by the erhu song " Rivers and Waters " is welcome to enjoy it on B station B in combination with the barrage.
https://www.bilibili.com/video/av771253
The next appearance is F104 commonly known as the Flying Coffin Man Fucking Rockets.
This extremely dangerous action is called Touch-Roll-Touch. Some people in China call him "turning his hands around the ground". F-104 rose from the runway, turned over and fell back to the ground. Thanks to the extremely small moment of inertia of the F-104, which cannot find the wing, can quickly complete the rolling action and return to the ground. But the risk of failing to complete the crash is very high, and it is said that there is only one successful record. Interested readers can also watch the full video of this adventure on this website.
https://foxtrotalpha.jalopnik.com/the-touch-roll-touch-was-one-of-the-craziest-maneuvers-1694004513
F-104's legend also lies in his small and thin wings, so this wing is often used as a prop for fun performance projects: peelers. Slicing a potato or something at the air show can make the audience visiting the static plane display feel differently.
△ Americans use the extremely thin F104 wing front edge to peel potatoes (Picture source: http://www.rimnds.com/art/show.htm?id=483)
In the flight performance, the installed smoke puller can form colorful ribbons behind the aircraft, thereby enriching the form of the flight performance and better giving attention to the enjoyment of beauty. For example, use tail cigarettes to identify the flight paths of the aircraft, thereby greatly enhancing the dynamic effect. The two-machine flying spiral around the tail smoke in the picture below is the specialty of the British Red Arrow Performance Team. However, in recent years, Red Arrow's apprentices have a very strong attitude towards being superior to being superior to being superior to being superior to being superior to being superior to being.
△ The UAE knight formation closely follows the A380 aircraft of Aeronautics, and is a very handsome national image promotion advertisement
(see watermark in the source of the picture)
△ A one-shot drill into the heart, a very popular performance style among the audience. Many performance teams regard this as a must-practice action.
(Picture source: http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/gjss/gjtu/200802/20/t20080220_14574843.shtml)
△Writing with the airplane tail cigarette is a very advanced form of activity to cheer up
(Picture source: http: http tps://www.guancha.cn/america/2015_05_07_318659_s.shtml)
As for this kind of sky "psoriasis" as standard as printed fonts, it is to put it bluntly that several program-controlled cigarette generators are hung on the plane. The smoke is pulled intermittently during the flight forward. It is like a inkjet printer, which usually forms words, which are usually used for advertising and have a relatively low technical content.
△ Promotional slogans used by planes to pull cigarettes in a certain place in the United States (Picture source: http://www.xinhuanet.com//world/2016-01/03/c_128590738.html)
The air show crash that must be mentioned
aerobatics flight is a game of adventurers in its bones, and crashes are inevitable, and several crashes even occurred at the air show site. Of course, generally speaking, pilots try to avoid vicious accidents in which planes fall into the crowd. For example, the tragedy of human flesh harvesters like the Su-27 crash at the Ukrainian Air Show is always a low-probability event. Of course, there are also people who become famous by relying on their peers to accompany them at the air show.For example, the Mig-29 crash and the Su30MKI crash at the Paris Air Show made the K-36 ejection seats a big hit; it was also the Paris Air Show, the stolen Phantom 3 arched the Soviet Union's freshly released image 144 supersonic passenger plane to the ground, creating a legend of the Concorde airliner from Britain and France.
△ Thunderbird Air Show accident, pilot ejected. (Pictures from: http://www.china.com.cn/military/txt/2012-05/18/content_25415962_11.html)
Review the history of the Bayi Flying Performance Team
The Bayi Flying Performance Team's decades of inheritance, in addition to the ever-inherited gorgeous aerial dance postures, there are also aircraft coatings and models that keep pace with the times. Next, let’s take a look at the models and coating evolution of the Bayi Team and experience the changes in the times and technological progress over the past few decades.
△ (Picture source: https://new.qq.com/omn/20180125/20180125A0TE3U.html)
This is the J-Century Five painted in red and white. Team Bayi used it to fly out of the Jiujima formation. Unfortunately, this spectacular formation has never been seen again. There were the eras of J-5 and J-6 before, but unfortunately, the color photos of that time were hard to find.
comes with the MV link of the old song "I Love the Blue Sky of the Motherland", which is also the sentiment of old military fans. All military fans who basically missed the air performance activities back then would be impressed by this MV.
https://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMTExMTI3MjI4.htmlhtml
Then, the J-7 EB, which appeared in Zhuhai since 1998, also inherited the red paint. Military fans finally had a relatively easy opportunity to get in touch with the flight performance and watch the flight performance of the Bayi Performance Team live.
△ (Picture source: https://new.qq.com/omn/20180125/20180125A0TE3U.html)
Later, the J-7 EB was replaced with a blue and white coating, and later the J-7 GB was upgraded to use a blue coating.
△ (Picture source: https://new.qq.com/omn/20180125/20180125A0TE3U.html)
For twenty years, the Bayi team has only missed the bead exhibition once, but this time it is also the only bead exhibition that the author has been to. Of course, he was the protagonist of that time.
△ (Pic source: http://pic.feeyo.com/posts/383/3832297.html)
It later became the landline of the Bayi Performance Team. It has used two types of paintings, and there are some trial painting solutions.
△ A photo of the same picture of the new and old paints. The above is the short-lived old paint. The following is the active paints. (Pic source: http://cdn.feeyo.com/pic/20101121/2010112121035022449.jpg)
So, will the J20, which once appeared in the formation above the Zhuhai Air Show, become the new generation of landlines for the Bayi Team in the future? This is another topic that many people are looking forward to. The 20+20 lineup combination that appeared at the 2018 Zhuhai Air Show has been confirmed to be the team leader on the 11th day after the preview event on September 22. But it is very worth looking forward to that in a military parade in the future, the Y20, which was upgraded to a new generation of large-cap chicken carriers, and the Bayi team used the J20 landline, became the new generation of leadership echelons.
△ The J-20 and Yun-20 mixed formations that appeared at the 2018 Zhuhai Air Show
(Picture source: http://m.sohu.com/a/272878190_99900839)
Let us look forward to the National Day ceremony together!
△ (Picture source: http://dy.163.com/v2/article/detail/D36DI2TG05149D15.html)
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