text/Hua Shang Taoluo Yugang
The United States never thought that the business they tried hard to throw out back then has now been stuck.
In 2021, global chips are in a hurry! It is hard to find a chip, and chips have stuck the neck of the global manufacturing industry. However, American chip manufacturers suddenly discovered that they can no longer afford to build chips.
The chip that American major manufacturers cannot afford, and this foundry in China is at its peak. What's even more fatal is that if he announces a suspension of work today, hundreds of leading companies around the world will stop production tomorrow.
This company is TSMC . His founder was born in Ningbo and grew up in Zhang Zhongmou in China.
In the late 1970s, developed capitalist countries were frantically looking for overseas OEM, and integrated circuit is no exception.
The United States, who is determined to become the overlord of semiconductor , devotes all its energy to chip design, which undoubtedly paves the way for TSMC's debut. This strategic mistake of the United States has made TSMC today.
However, in the early days of the company's creation, almost no one was optimistic.
At that time, there was no independent semiconductor design company. Intel, , Samsung, and other giants have their own wafer fabs, from chip design to completion, testing and packaging, all in one go.
Chip foundry is unprecedented in the market. Some people say that Zhang Zhongmou is just a gambler.
But time has proved that Zhang Zhongmou's courage.
By the US sanctions on Japan, Taiwan has become an ideal production capacity export site. A large number of American chip factories, including Intel , Xilinx ( Xilinx ), outsourced part or all of their production capacity to TSMC.
Upstream giants can concentrate on design, while also reducing manufacturing costs and increasing profit margins. As a supporting role, TSMC is diligent and deeply engaged in manufacturing. This model was quickly recognized worldwide.
But slowly, the protagonist and supporting characters changed positions.
As the chip manufacturing process advances, the expenses of building a chip factory have increased from 3μm to 90nm, and then to 28nm and 10nm... At first, it was less than 100 million, followed by hundreds of millions and billions, and now it costs 15-20 billion US dollars.
American chip manufacturers can no longer afford to invest in new production lines.
Taipei Medium, which focuses on OEM, holds global OEM orders and its size continues to grow. Let TSMC have enough strength to defend its leading edge in advanced processes and carry out advanced processes to the end.
AMD also had a wafer factory at the beginning, but later it couldn't stand it and sold the factory. In the 5nm era, Intel has been unable to handle mass production of 7nm processes.
At that time, Europe and the United States chose manufacturing outsourcing to maximize profits, but now it has backfired their semiconductor market share. is now in the 5-nanometer era, only two players are Samsung and TSMC.
In the past ten years, TSMC's equipment investment has grown from more than US$2 billion to US$28 billion in 2021. This is not only a sky-high investment, but also twice the sum of Japan and Europe.
This money is all used to build factories, buy equipment, and improve processes. In fact, TSMC bought more than 60% of the world's EUV lithography machine .
Since last year, TSMC's phone number has been blown up, and the orders have long been unable to be received, and it may even be queued until 2023.
Trend CSMC has undoubtedly become the world's most important advanced semiconductor process manufacturing base. Of course, I still have to thank the United States for the opportunity that year.
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