Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 8 (Reporters Zhang Jiansong and Ding Ting) On March 8, Xinhua Daily Telegraph published a report titled "The "female coach" of aerospace has shed tears and witnessed China's space leaps three times - a record of Zhang Yuhua, deputy commander-in-chief of the "Tianwen-1" probe."
Zhejiang Huzhou has outstanding talents. In the Chinese aerospace industry, there is a "Chang'e" who dares to think, do and do things well, who comes from Huzhou. She is Zhang Yuhua, member of the Standing Committee of the Science and Technology Committee of the Shanghai Aerospace Technology Research Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, deputy commander-in-chief of the third phase of the lunar exploration project in my country, and deputy commander-in-chief of the "Tianwen-1" detector.
Zhang Yuhua, with short hair, capable and cool, intellectual and elegant Zhang Yuhua has both the "spirituality" of Jiangnan and the "rationality" of aerospace. This "Chang'e" born on the Mid-Autumn Festival has devoted himself to China's aerospace industry for more than 30 years, chasing dreams and dancing well. From manned space flight, to lunar exploration, to Mars exploration, every leap of her is a vivid witness to China's aerospace development. Looking back on countless days and nights of overcoming difficulties, what Zhang Yuhua can't remember is three tears.
(subtitle) Tears for the first time: Celebrating the Shenzhou-1 spacecraft
"The round soul is cold and the sky is all about the same in the world." In the Mid-Autumn Festival in 1968, Zhang Yuhua was born in Huzhou, with the nickname "Autumn Moon".
As Xiao Qiuyue grew up, the villagers found that this girl was not only sensible, but also loved to study. I have been a top student since I was a child, and I served as a representative of the three subjects of mathematics, physics and chemistry in junior high school, and I am at ease.
Zhang Yuhua's college entrance examination results that year can go to the best university in China. But she was sensible, considering the heavy burden at home, she filled in the National University of Defense Technology. On the day he received the college admission letter, Zhang Yuhua was picking mud in a mine to make money to subsidize her family income.
After graduating from university in 1990, Zhang Yuhua joined the 805th Institute of the Shanghai Aerospace Technology Research Institute of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. Back then, aerospace engineers were all "science and engineering men". A woman suddenly appeared, and the department leaders didn't know what kind of work to give her.
"Who says women are not as good as men? You must do something to prove yourself!" Zhang Yuhua, who had just entered the aerospace field, made up her mind secretly. Since then, as a main member, she participated in the demonstration of the measurement and control communication subsystem of manned aerospace engineering in my country. The foundation and sea-based measurement and control network scheme technology they designed is highly inheritable and highly realizeable, and is used in actual projects. After the manned spacecraft project was launched, she participated in the development of the manned spacecraft power subsystem as a main personnel, and won the second prize of National Defense Science and Technology Progress Award as the main designer of the power subsystem.
1999 to 2007, as the administrative director of manned space flight in the 805th Institute, Zhang Yuhua took the lead in smoothly changing the stage and realizing product delivery through strict organization, command and support, and led the team to successfully complete the shooting range test and launch mission of the Shenzhou-1 to Shenzhou-7 spacecraft, and contributed to the realization of the Chinese nation's thousand-year-old flying dream.
1992, the year when the manned space flight project was launched, Zhang Yuhua had just given birth to a daughter. In order to free up more time and energy to work, she gritted her teeth and sent the three or four-month-old baby to the unit nursery.
From the 15 years from the establishment of Shenzhou 1 project to the successful completion of Shenzhou 7 mission, Zhang Yuhua spent at least one-third of the time every year on business trips in Beijing or Jiuquan. Under the influence of her mother, her daughter has been self-reliant since childhood, and she can take two buses to go to school alone in the first grade of elementary school.
"The first time I was most impressed with tears was on November 20, 1999, after the Shenzhou-1 spacecraft was successfully launched, everyone raised their glasses to celebrate.Thinking of the difficulties overcome over the years and the technical difficulties overcome... When I drank the first glass of celebration wine, my tears couldn't stop flowing down..." Zhang Yuhua said.
(subtitle) Tears for the second time: It was because Yutu 1 was injured by a stone on the moon
2004, news of the lunar exploration project was announced, and the Shanghai Institute of Aerospace Technology proposed to carry out demonstration and research on the second phase of the lunar exploration project.
Everything started from scratch. Zhang Yuhua From the field of manned space flight, she bravely turned to the unfamiliar lunar exploration field. She continued to learn and led the team to gradually establish the key technical directions of multiple subsystems, form a research and development team mainly composed of doctoral and masters, and established a lunar environment laboratory and a visual environment laboratory
In 2008, the second phase of the lunar exploration project in my country was officially established. The Shanghai Institute of Space Technology won the development task of five and a half subsystems in the second phase of the lunar exploration project and the Chang'e-3 mission. Zhang Yuhua was once again entrusted with an important task and provoked the big Liang, serving as the deputy chief designer and deputy commander-in-chief of the lunar exploration project, led the Chang'e team of the Shanghai Institute of Aerospace Technology on the journey of lunar exploration.
On December 1, 2013, Chang'e 3 was successfully launched, and Yutu 1 lunar rover successfully achieved my country's first patrol and survey on the surface of the lunar surface on December 15, 2013. However, in early 2014, Yutu 1 lunar rover was damaged by stones while traveling, and its journey was terminated at 114.8 meters.
is the first Chinese aerospace industry Once she touched the moon surface. Although the project goal was successfully completed, why didn’t Yutu No. 1 go far? Zhang Yuhua and the team members analyzed the reasons and checked the mistakes over and over again. In just a few days, she was so anxious that her mouth was so boring that she suddenly became hoarse.
"When I convened everyone for a meeting, I could still analyze the problems and check the reasons rationally, but when I returned to the dormitory, a person couldn’t help crying: If more redundant plans could be designed, if I could command the ground operators to slow down, if... but the past could no longer be pursued, I could only set off again. "
held her breath, and Zhang Yuhua decided to let Yutu 2 go further. She led the team to optimize the design, specially transporting volcanic ash from Jilin to simulate lunar soil. When the lunar rover walks on volcanic ash, the entire test site is filled with dust, which can suck it into the body or stick to the skin, causing irritation. To avoid dust rising, the test site cannot be turned on in the summer, and the indoor temperature reaches more than 40 degrees Celsius. Zhang Yuhua and the test staff can only wear masks, raincoats, rain boots, and sweat profusely.
5 years, the proof will be proved and the test will be tested again. Zhang Yuhua told the team that if you don't want to shed the tears of failure again, you must shed more sweat of hard work. Chang'e 4 mobile subsystem in the "detector overall group" and During the two independent evaluations of the "Landing and Safety Separation Group", Zhang Yuhua led the team to complete a total of 144 trials in 12 categories. The opportunity to turn the battle in
has finally come. On December 8, 2018, Chang'e 4 was successfully launched; on January 3, 2019, landed in the pre-selected area on the back of the moon, Yutu 2 completed the separation from the Chang'e 4 lander, sailed to the back of the moon, and realized the first time it was Landing on the back of the moon.
Now, Yutu 2, which is on the back of the moon, lives up to expectations and everything is normal. As of January 20, 2021, Chang'e 4 and Yutu 2 have completed the 26th day of the lunar day respectively, and have worked on the moon for 749 Earth days, with a cumulative mileage of 628.47 meters.
"Yutu 1 and Yutu 2 are like my two daughters. If I have the chance to go to the moon, I will first visit Yutu 1 on the front of the moon and bandage her wounds; then visit Yutu 2 on the back of the moon and praise her for being a good example and tell her to go further and longer! "Zhang Yuhua said.
(subtitle) Tears for the third time: crying with the aggrieved technicians
On December 17, 2020, Chang'e-5 successfully completed my country's first extraterrestrial celestial sampling and return mission, carrying precious lunar soil samples, and successfully returning to the earth.
Chang'e-5 consists of an orbiter, a lander, an ascender, and a returner.Among them, the orbiter undertakes the heavy responsibility of earth-to-moon transportation, lunar orbit rendezvous orbit, sample container transfer, etc. It is one of the most complex space vehicles at present. It has 5 separations and 6 combination states in orbit, and has successfully conducted automatic rendezvous orbit, which is the first time in human space history.
Chang'e 5's orbiter and rendezvous docking mechanism were also led by Zhang Yuhua. Since the third phase of the lunar exploration project was launched in 2009, she and her team members have made countless plans and finally determined the "claw-holding docking agency". The lunar orbit has a time delay relative to the earth's orbit, and the time corridor is small. The rendezvous and docking task of the lunar orbit needs to be completed within 21 seconds - 1 second capture, 10 second correction, and 10 second locking. There are many links, complex processes, and extremely high timeliness requirements.
Recalling the difficult development process, Tang Jie, chief quality teacher of Chang'e-5 orbiter, was most impressed by the fact that at a technical discussion meeting of the docking agency of the lunar orbit junction, a technician insisted on his technical plan and couldn't help crying when he was excited. Seeing that his subordinates were so aggrieved that they cried, Zhang Yuhua, as the person in charge, couldn't help but cry with her in public.
"At work, Mr. Hua is decisive, dares to make decisions, and has strict requirements, and pursues technical issues to the end. But she is also an empathetic and friendly leader, and she knows that behind a technical solution, there is countless efforts and efforts." Tang Jie said.
In the first Mars exploration project of "Tianwen-1" in my country, Zhang Yuhua served as the deputy commander-in-chief of the first Mars exploration mission and the commander-in-chief of the orbiter. The orbiter is not only an aircraft on the "interplanetary highway" from Earth to Mars, but also a relay communication satellite between the rover and Earth. It also undertakes the mission of orbiting Mars for scientific exploration.
"In the process of developing the orbiter, facing endless problems, Hua always looks at it optimistically, handles it safely, and dares to take responsibility, so as not to let young people suffer any grievances. In life, she takes care of everyone like an older sister. Under her leadership, the working atmosphere of our team is both serious and tense, and lively and pleasant." Chu Yingzhi, deputy commander-in-chief of the Mars Orbiter, said.
"Humans will not always lie on the cradle of the earth. For the sake of their own curiosity and to expand human living space, we will go further, to other planets, and even to other star systems. No matter how hard or tired they are, as long as they persist in running forward, they will gradually approach their dreams and realize a life without regrets." Zhang Yuhua said. (End)
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