According to the investigation by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, pork is still one of the main sources of human supplementary meat. The ancestors of domestic pigs were wild boars that grew up in jungle and hilly areas, so the first humans who domesticated domestic pigs were also residents of these areas. Domestic pigs are currently widely distributed, but there are still certain requirements for rainfall. Generally speaking, arid areas are forbidden areas for pigs, and sheep are the main domestic animals there. The advantage of pigs is to eat everything, it is a natural "trash can" and is easier to raise. Pork occurred earlier in Chinese history, although pork was not as good as beef and mutton in ancient times, and even dog meat. For example, "The Emperor's Ethics: Chu Yu II" "The emperor also had a good meal of cattle, sheep, pigs and animals. The princes ate cows, the officials ate sheep, the officials ate pigs, the scholars ate fish roast, and the common people ate vegetables." At that time, Confucius also wanted to eat mutton, and "eating cold pork" was a long time later. But pork has always been a delicacy for ordinary people in China, and there is a "pig" in the Chinese character "home".
In Europe, the people who value pork the most are Germans. In the early years, Europe had a forest coverage of up to 90%. Forests were a good environment for pigs to live in. It became natural for Germans to tame wild boars as their source of meat. The early European domestic pigs were not the captive domestic pigs that lack exercise. The Germans have always been in a semi-farming state, allowing their tribe's domestic pigs to wander in the forest, looking for fruits, weeds and other things to satisfy their hunger. European pigs are covered in gray hair and exposed fangs for a long time. They are semi-wild species as thin and agile as dogs. Compared with cattle and sheep that require more energy to take care of, the advantage of raising pigs is that they are simple. In the past, Europeans raised pigs as a free grazing method. Every day, the paired pigs ran to the forest to dig the soil to find food by themselves, and ate some acorns, apples and mushrooms. In winter, they could turn into delicious bacon. This habit has been maintained for a long time, and the pig-herder was once a common character in medieval stories like the shepherd.
In the Germanic conquest story, pigs also play an important role. The Germans first lived in the forests of Europe. They slashed and burned and had a low standard of living, but they had ambitions to conquer the rich Mediterranean economic circle. After the Romans legion conquered the entire Mediterranean economic circle, these "barbarians" naturally turned their targets to the Romans. The trilogy of conquest, annexation and expansion are constantly staged in the Germanic tribes. When a tribe's human resources exceed their productivity level, they target the expansion to the rich land occupied by the "civilized people". The Romans found it painfully that it was very unrealistic to completely conquer these barbarians, and it was also a "lose" business. It was already the limit that the Romans could reach.
Hermen and Romans have been fighting over the surroundings of RhineH for hundreds of years. Among them are the encirclement and annihilation of the Senbrittoton coalition forces over the Roman legion of Hannibal, as well as the massacre of the German tribes by the Mallor and the nephew of Caesar (father) and the nephew of the Germanic tribe.
Their pigs played an important role in the Germanic march. The Romans mentioned more than once in the barbarian invasions recorded by the Romans that the Germans like to bring their own pig herds to the front line to serve as a source of meat, and the forest areas where both sides fought are indeed a good place to raise pigs. These semi-domesticated domestic pigs are very capable of running, and they can keep up with the marches of large troops. When the Germans besieged the Roman cities, the pigs were stocked around the Roman cities until the end of the war. Regardless of the outcome of the war, they have only one outcome: if their master wins, they will be eaten as a celebration entree; if they fail, they will be unable to escape death.
That is, in the long war with barbarians , meat was gradually served on the Roman table. At that time, the meat that Romans often ate were pork, lambs, goats, chickens, geese, ducks, and pigeons, as well as hares, boars, quails, pheasants, deer, deer, thrush, etc. These meats were in short supply at the time. Frogs and snakes are also foods that are particularly popular among ancient Roman people.In addition, foie gras is also very popular among the Romans as a delicacy. Like foie gras, there is also the famous French snail, which is the favorite of the Roman emperor .
As for the favorite of ordinary people in Rome, pork is still the most popular one. However, compared with the Germans, the pigs raised by the Romans were very "unhealthy". The Romans often slaughtered pigs until they were so fat that they could not stand up without help, making salted pork and ham. The method of making Roman salted pork is: wash the pork, chop off the pig's legs, cut the remaining bone-feeding meat into large pieces of more than 20 kilograms, and then marinate the whole piece in a pot and smoke it.
The Roman elder Lao Jiatu described in detail the method of marinating Roman ham: each thigh should be half a bucket of salt, marinated in a jar for more than 20 days, taken out and air-dried, and then applied with a mixture of oil and vinegar. When eaten, cook it in whole pieces or slightly cut and bake it.
There is also a pig in the famous heavy-tasting dish "Zodiac Palace", an ancient Roman . The representative dish of the Virgin Palace is the ovaries and uterus of the castrated sow. (Specifically, the Aries Palace puts chickpeas, the Bull Palace puts a piece of beef, the Gemini Palace puts testicles and kidneys, the Cancer Palace puts round bread, the Lion Palace puts Afilica figs, the Virgin Palace puts the ovaries and uterus of the castrated sows, the Libra Palace puts a balance with muffins and cakes, the Scorpio Palace puts a small sea fish, the Hokage Palace puts a cockscomb bird, the Capricorn Palace puts a lobster, the Avocado Palace puts a swan, and the Pisces Palace puts two mullets.)
The famous Roman pork dish also has the "Trojan Horse Pig". The method is to stuff the whole pig with sausages and fruits, roast them with charcoal fire, and let roasted pig serve in a standing position. When the roasted pig is cut open, the sausages overflow like animal internal organs.
However, in the Roman legion with vegetarian tradition, the barbarians in the auxiliary legion are the main force in consuming meat. The auxiliary legion soldiers fought side by side with the Romans and had no salary to get. They were keen to cooperate with the Romans because they could rob and share the spoils with the Roman army. In terms of food consumption, these barbarians are also keen on enjoying various meats. With the changes in , the barbarian soldiers in the army began to become mainstream, the Roman guards were also full of barbarian warriors, and the Roman army's food became more and more meat. As the food changes, the Romans' citizenship policy was also changed. The Roman citizenship, which was once a rare commodity, was given to all the free people of the empire like a sale by Emperor Kanikola. The Roman citizens in the early years were once very valuable in the ancient world, and the title of Roman emperor included the title of First Citizen. The privileges of Roman citizens include the privilege of enjoying the protection of the Roman government (even if the protection of the Roman government is not effective, the Roman government will pay the ransom after the Roman citizens are kidnapped, and Caesar used this power when he was young), the power to appeal directly to the supreme ruler of Rome, and the preferential treatment only in the Roman court when he was in a lawsuit. The saying "Don't touch me, I am a Roman citizen" was the best amulet at that time. Originally, only auxiliary legion soldiers who served the Roman army for many years could receive this honor after the war. Paul, an important figure in the history of Christian development, used his ancestors to obtain the power of Roman citizens to carry out missionary activities.
To the late Roman Empire, with the combined efforts of a series of factors such as the decline in fertility rates of Roman citizens and the Romans aversion to war, more and more barbarians in the Roman army, and meat on the food list of the Roman army also began to replace vegetarian food. The reason why the "barbarians" joined the Roman Empire's army was that they could enjoy the meat provided by the entire empire. The tribes from these people were born could not meet the living standard of letting them eat meat every day due to the limitations of their productivity. Only the Roman Empire, which turned the Mediterranean into its own inner lake and had a land area of more than 5 million square kilometers, can do this.
"Eat meat with participation in the Roman army" is the premise for these people to be loyal to Rome. In their dietary hobbies, pork is obviously more popular than beef. The Roman legion stationed on the Germanic front in the 3rd century AD mutiny over food issues. The reason is that they are dissatisfied with the fact that there is too little pork and too much beef in the food.In connection with the Germans' love for pork in front of them, the mutiny was likely to be the German soldiers in the Roman army causing trouble.
▲The scene of people making sausages in the Middle Ages
However, the Romans' meat preferences were geographically different, and the simple classification was the gap between the east, west, south and north of the empire. Since the initial Roman Republic, local Romans liked to eat pork and used cattle as mobile milk producers to obtain dairy products. The Romans in the East and the North were influenced by the indigenous people and mainly ate beef and had little demand for pork.
In the Middle Ages, pork was also the favorite of the lower class of Europe. A farmer basically ate pork once a year, and sausage was invented by European farmers to deal with miscellaneous pieces such as pigs going into the water.
This article is published with authorization from the Guide Wen Fenghuo Studio, author Yuan Kuo. No media or public account may be reproduced without written authorization.
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