Earthquake Intensity is a quantitative indicator that describes the degree of earthquake damage in areas affected by earthquakes. Macroscopic phenomena include: human feelings, artifact reactions, house earthquake damage, natural environment changes, etc. Microscopic manifestations include: instrumental measurement data such as acceleration and velocity of earthquakes, which require the combination of the two to determine the earthquake intensity in a certain area.
House damage caused by earthquake
Earthquake Intensity Assessment is the result of on-site investigation
After the earthquake, the earthquake department will send people to the disaster area to collect earthquake damage data and evaluate the intensity of the earthquake. By collecting humanities, economy, geography, earthquakes, disaster situations and other information in the disaster area, sampling and investigation of people's feelings, instrument reactions, damage to buildings and infrastructure, earthquake geological disasters, etc., according to the "China Earthquake Intensity Table", the earthquake intensity is evaluated according to the norms, and finally the earthquake intensity distribution map is drawn and released to the public.
Earthquake Intensity Table (Section)
Earthquake Intensity has an irreplaceable effect
Earthquake Intensity Map provides a basis for earthquake disaster rescue, disaster relief resource allocation, disaster loss assessment, secondary disaster hazard inspection, resettlement of people affected during the transition period, restoration and reconstruction planning, and earthquake-related scientific research.
earthquake rescue site
earthquake intensity map generally gives the range of earthquake zones above Ⅵ degrees and above. How to judge the intensity of earthquakes based on earthquake damage phenomena? The maximum earthquake intensity of
5.0 can basically reach Ⅵ degree (6 degrees), and generally there will be no casualties. Earthquake disasters have the following characteristics:
1. A few civil and industrial houses have cracked walls, shingles and tiles fall off, and a few civil and brick houses have moderate damage, and most of them are basically intact.
2. A few brick-concrete houses have cracked walls, while a few brick-concrete houses have slightly damaged, and most of them are basically intact.
3. The frame house is basically intact, and the joint parts of the individual wall columns and wall beams of the frame house are cracked, and most of them are basically intact.
4. Cracks appeared on the loose soil on the river bank, a few furniture and items were displaced, and high-voltage lines tripped.
Yunnan Qiaojia magnitude 5.0 earthquake intensity map
5.5 earthquake, the maximum earthquake intensity can reach VIII (7 degrees), and a small number of casualties may occur. The main disaster characteristics are as follows:
1. Most civil and brick and wood houses are moderately damaged, and a few are severely damaged; a few walls of civil and wooden houses collapse partially, most of the walls are cracked, and the tiles are lost.
2. Most brick-concrete houses are slightly damaged, and a few are moderately damaged; a few brick-concrete houses have cracked walls, most walls have slightly cracked, and cracks appear on the roof.
3. Some frame houses were slightly damaged, and a few wall columns and wall beams were cracked, and most of them were basically intact.
4. A landslide occurred on the river bank, the ceiling inside the house fell, and there were many cracks on the soft land.
When the earthquake magnitude is around magnitude 6.0, the maximum earthquake intensity can reach Ⅷ degree (8 degrees), and a certain number of casualties will occur. Earthquake disasters have the following characteristics:
1. There are falling beams on the bridge, cracks appear on the concrete pavement, and most of the saturated sand and soil layer are sandblasted and water-blasted.
2. Most civil and brick and wood houses were seriously damaged, a few collapsed as a whole, and most walls were cracked, flashed out and collapsed locally.
3. Most brick-concrete houses are moderately damaged, some brick-concrete houses collapse, and most walls are cracked.
4. A few frame houses were seriously damaged, a few filled walls collapsed and flashed outward, and most wall beams were cracked.
When the earthquake magnitude reaches magnitude 6.5 or above, the maximum earthquake intensity may reach ⅰ (9 degrees), which may cause hundreds of deaths and thousands of injuries. The main characteristics of earthquake damage are:
1. The bridge has fallen beams, the surface fractures occur, and most of the civil and brick and wood houses are destroyed or seriously damaged.
2. The beams and columns of railway bridge decks are severely displaced and inclined, and the rails are severely distorted and partially broken.
3. Fractures appeared on many road surfaces, and cracks in bedrock can be seen, staggered, and landslides.
When the earthquake magnitude reaches magnitude 7.0 or above, the earthquake intensity in the extreme earthquake zone may reach Ⅹ degrees (10 degrees), and a large number of casualties will occur, except for the seismic earthquakes in the sparsely populated areas. The main earthquake damage is:
A few bridge piers collapsed, most of them fell beams, and surface faults occurred, and obvious movements were observed.
Qinghai Mado 7.4 magnitude earthquake intensity map
Sichuan Wenchuan 8.0 magnitude earthquake intensity analysis
On May 12, 2008, the maximum intensity of the 8.0 magnitude earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan reached 11 degrees, of which the affected area above Ⅵ degrees reached 440,442 square kilometers, including most of Sichuan, southeastern Gansu, southwestern Shaanxi, and a small area in Chongqing and Yunnan. The total area is equivalent to the entire jurisdiction of Gansu Province. The affected area above the VIII degree is 41,087 million square kilometers, which is almost the sum of the area of Taiwan Island and Shanghai. The earthquake caused a total of 87,150 deaths and 374,643 injuries. The total number of people affected reached 46.256 million, which is more than half of the total population of Sichuan Province, and a total of 845.14 billion yuan in economic losses.
can be seen. As the earthquake magnitude increases, the highest earthquake intensity increases accordingly, and the disaster range increases significantly!
How much impact will it have if a magnitude 10 earthquake occurs?
Due to the difference between earthquakes, the seismic energy difference is about 32 times. Based on the Wenchuan 8.0-magnitude earthquake, the energy released by the magnitude 10 earthquake is nearly 17,100 times that of the Wenchuan earthquake. At that time, an earthquake intensity area of 12 degrees will appear, mainly manifested as the total destruction of buildings and houses, the ground changes, and the mountains and rivers will be improved. The energy released by the earthquake will be unprecedentedly huge.
Earthquake energy level and frequency
Generally, casualties are inevitable when the earthquake intensity reaches Ⅷ degree VIII.
When the maximum earthquake intensity is Ⅷ degrees, the earthquake damage range is tens to hundreds of square kilometers, which is equivalent to the administrative area of a county; at ⅰ degrees, the earthquake damage range can reach more than 1,000 square kilometers, which is equivalent to the jurisdiction of a prefecture-level city; at Ⅹ degrees, the earthquake damage range is thousands to tens of thousands of square kilometers, which is comparable to that of municipalities directly under the central government such as Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai; at Ⅹ degrees, the earthquake damage range can reach hundreds of thousands of square kilometers, which is equivalent to the jurisdiction of a large province in my country.
From this, it is inferred that when a magnitude 10-magnitude earthquake occurs and the maximum intensity of is 12 degrees, the earthquake damage range above Ⅷ degrees may reach millions of square kilometers, the impact range will be national-level, and the casualties will be dozens of times that of the Wenchuan earthquake. trillions of economic losses can almost completely destroy a country.
Fortunately, the magnitude 10 earthquake has not occurred worldwide, and it is even more impossible for a magnitude 10 earthquake to occur in our country. What do you think?
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