"There is a day when heaven has a day, just like my people. How can it die on the day? I will die on the day. "—Xia Jie
"I am not destined to be in heaven!" - Shang Zhou
"Take the will of heaven", everyone should be familiar with this word, even if I didn't pay attention to it when reading a book, I listened a lot in TV dramas - Basically, almost every ancient drama now involves emperors, and most of the emperors will be issued an edict, and as long as the percentage of edicts is issued, the first sentence is " carries the will of heaven, and the emperor's edict says ". Do you think about it?
Actually, this word is officially used because it originated from the Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang . If the Tang and Song dynasties appeared in the Tang and Song dynasties, it can only be said that the screenwriters and directors collectively "traveled". Of course, this word was created by Zhu Yuanzhang, but the concept has been around for a long time and has been in the Qin Dynasty.
What does it mean? In fact, it is not difficult to understand. refers to the position of the emperor who is obliged by heaven, and it also carries the fortune of heaven and earth. It is the best interpretation of "Heavenly grants divine power". For example, when the world's treasure Heshi Bi was made into the emperor's private seal ( Jade Seal ), the eight words engraved below are - " is obliged by heaven, and will live forever ".
Of course, we all know that this is not true from the modern times. There has never been a "son of emperor" in this world ( Emperors do not exist, let alone emperor ). Otherwise, there would not be so many dynasties in history - after all, no matter which way, there is only one pharaoh God, and it is impossible for his son to be surnamed Liu today, Cao tomorrow, and Zhao the day after tomorrow.
In fact, this ideal must be the only one who thinks that the emperors are like a mirror in their hearts - especially those founding monarchs who overthrew the previous dynasty. So this is just to fool the officials and the people below to facilitate their own rule. However, there are also a very small number of people here who fooled them too much, and they even believed them in the end, and they really regarded themselves as the immortal heaven or even the sun.
Speaking of this, I believe everyone already knows who it is - yes, this is the last monarch of the Xia Dynasty and Shang Dynasty among the three ancient dynasties, Xia Jie and Shang Zhou!
In fact, these two brothers are not incompetent. Even in terms of ability alone, they are quite good in the entire dynasty. In addition, they are not without the chance to kill the challenger in the bud. is just that their arrogance and confidence give them unlimited confidence, allowing them to let go of the opportunity again, which eventually leads to death, family destruction and national destruction, and a day change .
Next, let’s talk about these two people separately.
days are like my people. How can you die on the day? If the day dies, I will die.
In fact, Xia Jie is not his name. Xia represents the first slave dynasty opened by Qi, the Xia Dynasty, which was opened by Qi. Jie is his posthumous name, and his real name is Lu Gui, and he is the son of Emperor Fa.
In fact, the Xia Dynasty had already begun to decline before Jie ascended the throne. For example, Emperor Kong Jia, who had been counting three generations in Xia Jie, was extremely lustful and promiscuous to the palace. Then God could not bear it anymore, so he actually sent two dragons to his palace.
"Records of the Grand Historian. Xia Benji": Emperor Kong Jia was established, and he was good at ghosts and gods, and he was promiscuous. After the Xia Hou family was in decline, the princes siege took custody.
At that time, the "dragon totem" of our Chinese nation should not have been perfected, so this dragon is not only not a symbol of auspiciousness, but rather a representative of the monster - but also the level of of the demon king.
The so-called generals of heaven will have good fortune, and the generals of heaven will have evil spirits. People in that era were very superstitious about this, believing that it was all praise or warning given by God. For example, when the Shang king of later generations Wu Ding , a pheasant flew over the cauldron, which made him unable to sleep overnight, thinking that his ancestors had abandoned him, let alone the two dragons this time?
Of course, these two dragons did not do anything to the Xia Dynasty, nor did they spit out fire or make waves like in myths. Instead, one of them died and was eaten by Emperor Kong Jia in meat sauce. However, this shadow had been buried, and the other princes had begun to betray the Xia Dynasty. When he arrived at Jie Xia, he did not learn from his ancestors' lessons and continued not to cultivate internal affairs, regardless of external affairs. He "builds a palace, decorates the Yaotai, builds a Qiong room, and sets up a Yumen", and is extremely extravagant and drinks and has fun all day long with beauties represented by Jingxi.
At that time, the wise minister Guan Longfeng advised him several times. Not only did Xia Jie not listen, but later he was annoyed and simply killed Guan Longfeng. In this way, no one dared to say anything. Xia Jie's ears were also pure and he could continue to have fun with peace of mind.
At that time, the people under the Xia Dynasty could not bear his tyranny and complained all kinds of complaints, but after hearing this, Xia Jie disagreed and laughed, " I am the sun for the common people. When will you see the sun rise? If one day the sun is over, that is the time for me to perish. "
Of course the sun will not perish, so Xia Jie was not worried at all.
I will die in the future, and I and you will die.
When the Xia Dynasty, the Lord of the Central Plains, was gradually weakening, the surrounding princes were developing rapidly, each improving their own strength - At that time, although the Xia Dynasty had established a regime, it was actually very different from the unified feudal dynasty with a high centralization in later generations. The control over the other princes was limited, and it was more of a role as a leader.
The fastest-growing one here is the Shang tribe, especially this generation of patriarch Tang, who is very capable. In addition to the accumulation of his ancestors for fourteen generations, he has already possessed the ability to wrestle the arm of the boss Xia Chao!
Xia Jie also expressed a certain degree of concern after hearing the reputation of Shang Tang , so he sent someone to arrest Tang and lock him up, but for some reason - maybe it was the elders of the Shang tribe who sent generous bribes, maybe it was someone who pleaded for Tang, maybe it was Tang's low-key pretending to be cowardly, and we don't know whether these were not recorded, but in the end, Jie released Tang's huge threat again.
"Records of the Grand Historian. The Annals of Xia": Jie was not committed to virtue and hurt the people, and the people were not able to bear it. Then he summoned Tang and imprisoned Xiatai, and then released it. What a stupid move this is to let the tiger return to the mountain. Perhaps the fundamental reason is Xia Jie's confidence that "Has the HTML died on the 7th? ". As a result, Shang Tang made more active preparations after returning, and recruited wise ministers Yi Yin , and sharpened his swords and trained his opponents such as Ge Bo, and prepared from the inside and outside, then made the "Tang Oath" and officially began to attack Xia.
At this time, the people of the Xia Dynasty were already overwhelmed and roared to Xia Jie, " Sun God, when will you perish, we would rather die with you! ". In fact, the people of that era still believed in ghosts and gods. They also believed that Xia Jie represented gods, but now they can't even survive. Even if you are a god, you can only fight with you!
One side is the Shang tribe led by Tang, who was strong in his army and strong in politics, while the other side is the Xia people who wished they could die with their boss. This battle is already divided without any need to go on!
"Records of the Grand Historian. The Original Records of Xia": Tang cultivated virtue, and all the princes returned to Tang, and Tang led his troops to attack Jie of Xia. Jie walked away from the Ming Tiao and was let go and died. Jie said to others, "I regret not killing Tang at Xiatai, and I have sent him here."
In this way, Shang Tang easily defeated Jie Xia and exiled him to Mingtiao. Jie then said regretfully: " If I had known that I would have killed you in Xiatai at that time, where would you still have today? "
But there is never any regret medicine to sell in this world. During the exile, Xia Jie died, and the sun finally fell.
I am not alive in heaven!
There is reincarnation in the heavens. Shang Tang overthrew Xia Jie and established the second slave dynasty - Shang. After six hundred years, it finally spread to the generation of Emperor Xin - or he King Zhou Everyone is more accustomed to it.
In fact, in these six hundred years, the Shang Dynasty also experienced several signs of decline, such as the once absurd Taijia, such as Pan Geng's migration before, which caused turmoil in people's hearts. For example, before Wu Ding, Li De, even sacrificed his ancestors, had pheasants to make trouble, although relying on several Zhongshu. The Lord of Xing turned bad luck into good fortune and became good luck when he was in trouble, but unfortunately, he failed to continue to maintain it. Often, it was prosperous and declined for generations, and the overall trend was still slowly declining.
When King Zhou came to King Zhou, he also planned to continue to "revival", and he did not have this condition. From his personal ability alone, he was both civil and military, extremely excellent.
"Records of the Grand Historian. The Basic Annals of Yin": Emperor Zhou was very quick and skilled in distinguishing himself from others and beasts; he was content with advice, and he was enough to decorate his words; he was proud of his ministers and his voice, and he thought that he was inferior to himself.
And according to records, King Zhou really wanted to do something at the beginning, he made people help him Cultivate the fields, worship ancestors, and personally lead troops to conquer the "Yifang", return to victory, and bring back many slaves.
Perhaps these achievements in advance made King Zhou dazzled, thinking that the Shang Dynasty had already "resurrected". He should enjoy his life well. So he asked someone to prepare a wine pool and meat forest, favor beauties such as Daji , Gaogai Lutai to collect rare treasures, and also created tortures such as "bat-branding" to intimidate officials and the people.
However, King Zhou was too happy. How could the big hole dug in hundreds of years be so easy to fill? Just as he was singing and dancing, the Zhou tribe in the west of began to gradually become stronger, especially the patriarch Zhou of this generation King Wen Ji Chang is even more wise and powerful - just like his ancestor Shang Tang back then .
Then King Zhou's loyal little brother Chonghouhu came to report quietly, and King Zhou sent someone to arrest Ji Chang and imprison him in the jing. This scene was exactly the same as six hundred years ago. But I don't know why King Zhou didn't learn from his ancestor Shang Tang, and he actually released this biggest potential enemy like Jie Xia!
Moreover, King Zhou did something stupider than Jie Xia. After accepting the bribes from the Western Zhou Dynasty, he not only let Ji Chang go, but also agreed to Ji Chang's request to abolish the punishment of the cannon-branding - which was equivalent to making a propaganda to the political enemy, and at the same time betrayed the hardcore little brother Chonghouhu, which cooled the hearts of the other little brothers.
But King Zhou didn't care. He was as confident as Jie Xia, thinking that he was the Lord of Destiny, and how could human power change it?
Yin You Sanren, useless
So Ji Chang escaped from death and became a blessing in disguise. This time, the "political prison" made him famous, and the other princes also came to join him. Then he began to use the power of conquest given by King Zhou to expand everywhere, and took down the enemy Chonghouhu in an open manner, which was a kindness and power.
"Records of the Grand Historian. The Basic Annals of Yin": Zhou pardoned Xibo. Xibo came out and offered the land of Luoxi to ask for the punishment of the cannon. Zhou then agreed to it, and gave it a bow, arrow, arrow, axe and halberd, and made it a battle and was appointed as the Xibo.
Then he invited various outstanding talents led by Jiang Ziya . As the two sides grew, the gap in strength became smaller and smaller. At that time, the eight hundred princes secretly believed that Xibo was the one who got the destiny, not the self-righteous King Zhou.
In fact, King Zhou is not without talents, such as the " Yin You Sanren " praised by later Confucius. Among them, Weizi was his concubine's brother. After repeated persuasion, he could only abandon the secret and go to Shang and Zhou to "go to Zhou" in order to leave some blood for Yin Shang - later King Zhou's son Wu Geng was killed in rebellion, and Weizi was really the one who inherited the sacrifices of the Yin Shang sacrificial period.
And the other Ren Bigan is said to be the uncle of King Zhou. He chose a path of "resenting each other by death". He put aside life and death to strong advice to King Zhou - what is hard to say, how dangerous it is, which makes the stubborn King Zhou furious. He wants to look at the heart of this saint. Bigan can be regarded as seeking benevolence and gaining benevolence, but it has no effect. King Zhou still does his own way.
and another benevolent jizi knew that the Shang Dynasty was in a desperate situation and it was not changed by manpower, so he had to take the path of "protecting oneself" and began to pretend to be crazy and stupid. King Zhou felt embarrassed and locked him up. It was not until King Wu of Zhou rescued him later.
In this way, the three saints of the Shang Dynasty, and they were all Weizi, the blood relatives of King Zhou, Bi Gan and Jizi, died, the Guan and the Pass, and the Shang Dynasty became even weaker, and even the royal relatives had this fate. What else could the other civil and military officials do? Either pretend to be deaf and dumb, or you can only flatter King Zhou like Fei Zhongelai to make King Zhou happy, but in fact it is equivalent to "helping the evil and abuse" and digging the pit of the Shang Dynasty bigger and bigger.
Of course, King Wen failed to defeat King Zhou, the great enemy, but he had made complete preparations for his son. A few years after his death, King Wu of Zhou, Ji Fa, led his army to attack Zhou Shang. The two sides fought a battle in Muye and ended with the Shang army's counterattack.
At this time, King Zhou could only burn himself to Lutai, and after his death, he was beheaded by King Wu of Zhou and showed him to the public. God also gave up on him.
Hongchen says
This is the process in which Xia Jie and Shang Zhou regarded themselves as "people with destiny" from full of confidence, but were both overthrown in the end. The whole trajectory is very similar. No wonder the two brothers in later generations are always compared.
In fact, they did not have the opportunity to change this situation, but they were all let go. The "destiny view" of ancient times can be said to play an important role. Because the productivity at that time was extremely underdeveloped, the concept of worship of ghosts and gods was still deeply rooted in people's hearts. In fact, it is not only the two of them, but most of the people and princes were also deeply affected.
But what Xia Jie and Shang Zhou did was too much, leaving the people and even the other princes under their rule no way out. This retreat could not be retreated, and they could not bear it, and they could only resist. Just like the people of the Xia Dynasty roared and angry that " will be lost in time, and you will all die in ". In fact, they were not unafraid of the "Son of Heaven", but they could not survive, so they could only fight to the death - there might be a glimmer of hope for rebellion with Shang Tang and Xiqi, and the original boss could only die.
Therefore, in fact, there has never been a saying that "the destiny belongs to the destiny of heaven". If there is one, it can only be said that the people who conform to the will of most people at that time followed the will of heaven. Mencius gave a concise and incisive summary of the great Confucian scholars of later generations - " people are the most important, the country is the next, and the king is the least of ". In other words, the heart of the people is the true will of heaven. Those who can serve the majority of people are the emperor who "carry the will of heaven". Otherwise, it can only be " water can carry a boat, and can also overturn the boat ". This principle is beyond ancient and modern times, and Xia Jie and Shang Zhou, as typical cases, have also made great contributions to this.
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