"We need to study the reliability of power plants from the perspective of energy security and discuss the safety margin of component design from the perspective of electricity cost." On June 1, Professor of Shanghai Jiaotong University and Honorary Chairman of Shanghai Solar Energy Society Shen Wenzhong said at the "Photovoltaic Power Plant Reliability and Asset Safety Seminar". The seminar is sponsored by Shanghai Solar Energy Society and co-organized by Longi Green Energy.
On the same day, the National Development and Reform Commission and nine other departments issued the " "14th Five-Year Plan" Renewable Energy Development Plan ". The plan shows that during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the increase in renewable energy power generation accounts for more than 50% of the increase in electricity consumption in the whole society, and the wind and light power generation doubled.
In the face of the continuous increase in renewable energy installations, energy security has attracted much attention. The reliability and asset security of photovoltaic power stations are crucial.
Photovoltaic installation is a fast start. The hidden dangers of power stations cannot be ignored.
China Photovoltaic Industry Association predicts that the average annual installed capacity of photovoltaics will be between 70 million kilowatts and 90 million kilowatts in the future. The prospects for photovoltaics are very good, but the problems exposed are also emerging one after another, such as blind expansion of non-advanced production capacity, speculation on fake innovation gimmicks, low-price bidding, extensive construction, etc.
"Some photovoltaic power stations blindly pursue development speed, and safety hazards are beginning to emerge. The supplier level is also uneven, with lack of professional and standardized standards, and there is disorderly competition in the operation and maintenance market." When talking about the problem of photovoltaic installation, Huan Xingsheng, the New Energy Production Department of the Upstream Hydropower Development Co., Ltd., repeatedly emphasized that the entire industry urgently needs standardized and standardized management. "The biggest risk affecting the reliability of photovoltaic power stations comes from components, including heat spots, hidden cracks, battery attenuation, etc.; followed by DC communicator, inverter , brackets, etc. The cost of components accounts for about 60% of the total investment of the power station. If the component fails, it cannot be repaired and can only be replaced, and the loss is huge. "
" Photovoltaic high quality refers to safety, stability, and reliability. First, we must ensure the safety and reliability of the system, and then consider the interactive basis between energy load and energy storage." Lu Jun, president of Longi Green Energy Product Management Center, pointed out that as the core equipment of photovoltaic power stations, the glass and silicon wafer of components are getting thinner and thinner, the components are getting bigger and bigger, and the current and voltage are constantly being pushed up. With the increasing number of application scenarios, its uncontrollable risks have increased significantly. Blindly pursuing low costs will seriously weaken the reliability of photovoltaic products in dealing with extremely harsh environments.
As an authoritative organization for global photovoltaic module testing and certification, Gong Wenyi, project manager of TÜV Rhine, Germany, also holds a conservative view on large-sized and high-power components: "Large current brings greater pressure to the reliability and performance of parts. We need to identify various risks such as design and development, production and manufacturing, transportation and installation, equipment operation and maintenance one by one. To make a larger component bring greater voltage and current. If the component is partially blocked by shade, border or the back side of junction box , the safety risks caused by heat spots will be amplified."
In addition to the system risks caused by non-standardization of components, due to the frequent occurrence of extreme weather, there are cases of photovoltaic power stations in my country almost every year. The flood disaster in Hubei in 2017, hail in Guizhou in 2020, heavy rain in Henan in 2021 and snow disaster in Tongliao in Inner Mongolia... These familiar cases are once again interpreted: the amount of third-party claims caused by photovoltaic power station risks is much greater than the power station assets themselves. Yin Yong, the head of new energy at Zijin Property Insurance Co., Ltd., emphasized earnestly: "The core of photovoltaic power stations is the long-term rate of return. The cost of risk management will not be reduced due to the reduction of insurance costs."
Component selection is rational first, and work together to build power station reliability
In recent years, the photovoltaic industry has been fiercely competing, and manufacturers have been making a fuss about component sizes. In terms of electrical equipment compatibility, the ultra-large size, ultra-large current and ultra-high power components still need to be iteratively developed by relevant manufacturers to develop new products for adaptation. Its supply chain, production capacity and other links are greatly restricted, and the potential risks of photovoltaic products are aggravated.
Many industry experts have almost the same view on this."The main selection principle of in photovoltaic power station is cost first and efficiency is preferred. On the premise that the cost difference between and is not large, components with high conversion efficiency are given priority. If the high and low voltages of the components meet the project conditions, low voltage products will be preferred." Wang Siping, senior engineer of , Shanghai Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd., said.
"Renewable Energy Development Plan for the 14th Five-Year Plan" points out that with major bases supporting development, it is clear that with deserts, Gobi and desert areas as the focus, accelerate the construction of seven continental new energy bases, including the upper reaches of the Yellow River, the upper reaches of the Yellow River, the upper reaches of the Yellow River, the Jiziwan, the northern Hebei region, Songliao, Xinjiang, the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and two major water and scenery comprehensive bases.
"In the development of the Winter and Lighthouse Base, environmental risks are the biggest obstacle to the stability of photovoltaic power stations. The local meteorological and geological conditions should be accurately evaluated from the early stage of design, and the reliability of power stations should be improved through necessary measures such as component selection and power station design. The component selection of large centralized power stations should be mainstream mature products." The deputy general manager of Qinghai Company of Luneng Group Co., Ltd. once called for, "The industry should form a unified component size standard as soon as possible."
"Future technological innovation must return to the main channel of efficiency improvement." Li Shaotang, senior product manager of Longi Green Energy, said that efficiency improvement can save BOS costs without changing the design boundary conditions is the eternal theme of the development of photovoltaic technology. For example, the 182 component is the optimal size for large photovoltaic power stations after comprehensively considering various boundary conditions. As the components widen, the degree of hidden cracking and power attenuation after bearing high loads (such as snow accumulation) increases, and the risk of glass burst increases significantly.
Therefore, photovoltaic power stations should put reliability and asset safety first, while photovoltaic products and technologies should take the cost of kilowatt-hours as the final evaluation criteria, taking cost, power generation and reliability into consideration. (Sun Luqing)
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