Han nationality (hàn zú)
Han nationality, the full name is the Han nationality. Originally named Huaxia, they are the dominant ethnic group in China and the most populous ethnic group in the world. They are descendants of the tribes of Huangdi and Yandi in ancient times, and are descendants of Yan and Huang. "Han" originally refers to the Milky Way and the Milky Way. The Book of Songs says: "There is Han in the sky, and there is light in the prison." "The Han nationality was formerly known as Han people after the Han Dynasty in China. The Han Dynasty was previously called "Huaxia" or "Zhuxia". The Han nationality is also a nation with an uninterrupted history and a long history. It is also the most populous nation in the world. As of 2009, the Han population is approximately 1.3 billion, accounting for approximately 19% of the world's total population. In mainland China, the Han population is distributed throughout the world. Accounting for 92% of the total population; in Taiwan, the Han people account for 98% of the total population; in Hong Kong and Macau, the Han people account for 95% and 97% of the total population respectively. There are also many ethnic costumes of the Han nationality: Hanfu. (měng gǔ zú)
The Mongolian people are a legendary nation with a long history. They live a nomadic life of "migrating in pursuit of water and grass". Most of China's grasslands have left the footprints of Mongolian herdsmen, so they are known as the "proud sons of the grassland." ". It is a long-standing tradition of the Mongolian people to hold the "Nadam" conference every July and August when the livestock are fat. Festival, this is a cultural and sports entertainment conference held by people to celebrate the harvest. At the "Nadam" conference, there are thrilling horse racing, wrestling, admirable archery, competitive chess skills, and fascinating singing and dancing, showing the grassland. The unique characteristics of the nation
Hui . (huí zú)
Hui is the abbreviation of the Hui ethnic group. In the 13th century, a large number of Muslims moved into China from Central Asia and merged with the local Han, Uyghurs, , and Mongolians. In the long historical process, they passed through various factors such as intermarriage. , gradually formed the Hui folk festivals Eid al-Fitr , Eid al-Adha (also called Eid al-Adha), and the Holy Festival. Festival, Dengxiao Festival, etc. Eid al-Fitr (also called the Eid al-Fitr Festival), also known as the Great Eid al-Fitr, is held in the ninth month of the Islamic calendar every year. All Hui men aged 12 years and women aged 9 and above who are in good health can After liberation, the State Council designated Eid al-Fitr as a legal holiday for the Hui people.
Tibetans. (zàng zú)
Tibet is the Chinese name for Tibet, and the Tibetans living here call themselves “Tibet”. Tibet, known as the “Roof of the World”, is beautiful and magical and is the main settlement of Tibetans. Tibetans account for 95% of the current population of more than 1.3 million in the country and are one of the ancient ethnic groups in China. Tibetans generally believe in Tibetan Buddhism, that is, Lamaism. In the past, many traditional days were related to religious activities, such as the Tibetan New Year, the Butter Lantern Festival, and the Buddha Bathing Festival. The largest traditional festival among Tibetan people is the first day of the Tibetan calendar. Year.
Uighur (wéi wú ěr zú)
"Uyghur" is the self-proclaimed name of the Uyghur people, which means "unity" or "union". The Uyghurs mainly live in the area south of the Tianshan Mountains in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Their origins can be traced back to the "Dingling people" who lived a nomadic life in the 3rd century BC. The Uyghur nationality was formed through the integration of the Han people and the later Tubo, Khitan and Mongolian people who multiplied and developed. Most Uyghur festivals originate from Islam and are calculated using the Hijri calendar. The Uyghur traditional festivals include Roz Festival (Eid al-Fitr), Kurban Festival (Eid al-Adha) and Nowruz Festival. The first two are of Islamic origin, and the dates are calculated according to the Hijri calendar, which moves every year, so sometimes it is in winter, sometimes in summer or other seasons.
Miao (miáo zú)
The Miao have a long history of music and dance, and their arts and crafts such as cross-stitching, embroidery, brocade, batik, and jewelry making are internationally renowned. The ancestors of the Miao people can be traced back to the Chiyou tribe that was active in the Central Plains during the primitive society. The Miao people used to believe in animism, worship nature, and worship their ancestors.There are many festivals. In addition to traditional New Year festivals and sacrificial festivals, there are also festivals specifically related to eating. The Miao people have many festivals, but the names and ways of celebrating them vary in different regions. The Miao New Year is the most solemn traditional festival.
Yi nationality (yí zú)
The Yi nationality is distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The Yi people call themselves many people, which vary from place to place, including "Nuosu", "Misa", "Luoluo", "Sani", "Axi", etc. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, "Yi" was used as the unified ethnic name. The Yi people used to worship animism and ancestors. There are many traditional folk festivals. The main festivals include the October Year, the Torch Festival and regional festivals and sacrificial activities. The October Year is the traditional year of the Yi people and is mostly held on an auspicious day in early October of the lunar calendar. The Torch Festival, held on the 24th of the sixth lunar month every year, is the most grand traditional festival of the Yi people.
Zhuang (zhuàng zú)
The Zhuang nationality is the most populous ethnic group among the ethnic minorities in China. The ancestors of the Zhuang nationality belong to the ancient Baiyue ethnic group. They are related by blood to Xiou and Luo Yue. They are from Lingnan. Aboriginal peoples. There are more than 20 self-proclaimed names such as "Buzhuang", "Butu", "Bunong" and "Buyayi". After the founding of New China, they were collectively known as the "Tong nationality" and later changed to the "Zhuang nationality". The ancient Luoyue people, the ancestors of the Zhuang nationality, once created real writing. Ancient Luoyue writing cultural relics are widely distributed in the Luoyue hometown and are made of various materials. Most of them are found at ancient sacrificial sites. The Baiyue script has been lost since the Qin Dynasty wrote the same text; the ancient Zhuang characters are square ancient Zhuang characters combined with Chinese characters, and the modern Zhuang characters are Latin Zhuang characters. The traditional clothing of the Zhuang people is Zhuang clothing.
Buyi (bù yī zú)
The Buyi people are a large ethnic minority in southwest China. The Buyi people claim to be highly unified within themselves. Because they are descendants of the Baiyue people, most of the Buyi people call themselves "Buyi (Buyue)". "Bu" means "people, nation", and "Yi" means "Yue", which is the specific name of the Buyi ethnic group. "Buyi" means "Yue people (Yue people)"; before liberation, the Buyi people were called "Zhongjia", "Mihu", "Yi", "Tubian", "local", "Rou" by the Han people. Home" etc. In 1953, after consultations among the upper-class Buyi intellectuals from all over Guizhou Province, they unanimously requested to use "Buyi", the transliteration of the common self-proclaimed "Buxqyaix" of the ethnic group, as the name of the ethnic group, which truly embodies the principle of "name follows the owner".
Korean (cháo xiǎn zú)
Korean people are mainly distributed in Jilin, Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces. Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is the main settlement area. The ancestors of the Korean ethnic group are Koreans who fled from the Korean Peninsula into Northeast China in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and later Korean political immigrants who were forcibly migrated from the Korean Peninsula by Japan during the Japanese occupation. There are five major festivals among the Korean people, which are still celebrated grandly today.
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Manchu (mǎn zú)
The Manchu people are mainly distributed in the three eastern provinces of China, with the largest number in Liaoning Province. It ranks second only to the Zhuang among the 55 ethnic minorities in China. Formerly known as the Jurchen tribe, it was called "Yi Lou" during the Han-Jin Dynasty, "Wuji" (pronounced "Moji") during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, "Heishui Mohe" during the Sui-Tang Dynasty, "Jurchen" and "Jurchen" during the Liao-Jin Dynasty. "Nvzhen" (to avoid the real taboo of Yelu Zong of Xingzong of Liao Dynasty). After the Qing Dynasty, "Jurchens" were called "Manchus". After the Revolution of 1911, the Manchus were renamed Manchus. In 1115, Wanyan Aguda unified the Jurchen tribes and established the Jin Kingdom. In the forty-third year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1615), the Jurchen leader Nurhaci proclaimed Khan and founded the country in Hetuala City on the bank of Erdaohezi in Xinbin County. The country was named "Dajin" and was called Houjin in history. In 1644, the Manchus invaded the Central Plains and established the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty in Chinese history. The establishment of the Qing Dynasty laid the foundation for China's future territory.
Dong (dòng zú)
The Dong people originated from the "Luo Yue" in the Qin and Han Dynasties. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, these tribes were generally called "Liao", and the Dong people were part of "Liao". Now it is mainly distributed in Guizhou, Hunan and other places. Believe in many gods and worship natural objects.The dates of Dong traditional festivals vary from place to place, and festival food is often associated with banquet activities. The main festivals include the Wedding Festival, the Bridge Building Festival, the Cow Sacrifice Festival, the New Eating Festival, the Fireworks Festival, etc. The Dong people like bullfighting, and each village has a "Buffalo King" specially used for competitions.
Yao Nationality (yáo zú)
The Yao Nationality is a relatively typical mountain ethnic group in southern China. The Yao people call themselves "Mian", "Kinmen", "Bunu", "Lajia", "Bingduoyou", etc. There are more than 30 kinds of titles due to differences in economic life, living area and clothing. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, they were collectively referred to as the Yao ethnic group.
Bai (bái zú)
The Bai people mainly live in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and the rest are distributed throughout Yunnan, Bijie area of Guizhou Province and Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan Province. The Bai people call themselves "Bai Huo", "Bai Ni", "Bai Zi", etc., which means "white people" in Chinese. In 1956, according to the wishes of the people of this ethnic group, they were officially named Bai ethnic group. There are many traditional festivals of the Bai people. The "March Street" with a history of thousands of years is the grandest annual festival of the Bai people. It is now named the "March Street National Festival". In addition, there are also national festivals such as the "Torch Festival" (also known as the Star Festival). Tujia (tǔ jiā zú)
The Tujia people mainly live in Huzhu, Minhe, Datong and other counties in Qinghai Province, and the rest live scattered in Lebu, Menyuan and Gansu Tianzhu and other places. The Tu people call themselves "Mongol" or "Mongolian" (meaning Mongolians). They were formerly known as "Qinghai natives" and Tibetans call them "Hor". The Tu people are mainly engaged in animal husbandry and agriculture, and are especially good at raising sheep. "Seven Days Meeting" is a carnival for the Tu people to celebrate the harvest. Many festivals of the Tu people are closely related to religion. During the festivals, various sacrificial activities are accompanied, and festival foods are prepared.
Hani Nationality (hā ní zú)
According to historical records, the Hani Nationality, the Yi Nationality and the Lahu Nationality, originated from the ancient Qiang Nationality and are now mainly distributed in southwest Yunnan. The Hani people call themselves many people. After the founding of New China, they were collectively called the Hani people. The Hani people believe in many gods and worship their ancestors. The main traditional festivals include "New Year's Zalat" (October) and "Eating Zhaza" (May Festival). There is also the Torch Festival. In addition, there are two small festivals: the "Yellow Rice Festival" (also known as the "Yellow Rice Festival") and the New Tasting Festival.
Kazakh (hā sà kè zú)
The Kazakh people have a long history. During the Western Han Dynasty, the Wusun people in the northern Tianshan Mountains were the ancestors of the Kazakh people. These herdsmen who moved eastward were named "Kazakhs", which means "refugees" or "breakaways". Kazakhs are mainly distributed in Xinjiang, with a few distributed in Gansu, Aksai, Qinghai and other places. The Kazakhs used to believe in shamanism, but converted to Islam around the 11th century AD. The main festivals include the Corban Festival, the Rouzi Festival, and the "Nawurezi" Festival. The Kazakhs are hospitable and sincere. It is a traditional Kazakh custom to throw "Borsak" and sugar to welcome happy events.
Dai nationality (dǎi zú)
The Dai nationality is a nation with a long history. As far back as the 1st century AD, there are records about the Dai nationality in Chinese historical books.
After 1949, according to the wishes of the Dai people, it was named "Dai". The Dai people call themselves "Dai仂", "Daiya", etc. The Dai people generally believe in Theravada Buddhism, and many festivals are related to Buddhist activities. The Water Splashing Festival, held in June of the Dai calendar every year, is the grandest festival. This festival is called "Sangkanbimai" in Dai language. At that time, Buddha will be worshiped and a big feast will be held for monks, relatives and friends, and congratulations will be given to each other by splashing water. Because the water-splashing activity is the main part of the Dai New Year celebrations, this activity is deeply loved by people of all ethnic groups.
is mainly distributed in Hainan Province.
Li (lí zú)
speaks Li language and belongs to the Li branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Different dialects vary depending on the area where you live. Due to close contact with the Han people, many people are proficient in Chinese. In 1957, the Latin alphabet form of Le was created.
In the past, the Li people believed in primitive religion, but in modern times, a small number of people believed in Christianity.
Lisu (sù sù zú)
Lisu were called "Lisu" in the Tang Dynasty.The Lisu people first lived in the Jinsha River Basin at the junction of Sichuan and Yunnan. Later, due to war and other reasons, they gradually moved to the Nujiang area in western Yunnan and settled down. On June 11, 1985, Weixi Lisu Autonomous County of Yunnan Province was established. Festivals: The main festivals include Kuashi Festival (December 20, equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han people), Torch Festival, Harvest Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Bathing Party, Knife Festival, etc. The "Knife Bar Festival" held every year on the eighth day of the second lunar month is exciting. It is said that the Sword Bar was established to enable the Lisu people to have the spirit of "dare to climb mountains of swords and brave seas of fire".
Wa Nationality (wǎ zú)
The Wa nationality is distributed in the southern section of the Nushan Mountains in the west and southwest of Yunnan Province, west of the Lancang River and east of the Nu River. It was originally called "Kawa" and was changed to its current name in April 1963 with the approval of the State Council. At the annual "New Fire Festival", the Wa people extinguish the old fire, and then the respected old man lights a new fire using the ancient method of drilling wood to make fire, which heralds good fortune and health in the new year. Every year during major festivals and sacrificial activities, the Wa people hold the "Cow Plundering Festival" to express their desire for a good harvest and pray for peace.
She people (shēzú)
The She people call themselves "Shanha", which means customers who live in the mountains. It is said that the ancestral home of the She people is Chaozhou, Guangdong. Mainly distributed in Fu'an, Fujian, Jingning, Zhejiang, Shenshan District, Shanwei, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Anhui and other provinces, most of them live together with Han people. Zhejiang Jingning She Autonomous County was established on June 30, 1984. The She family attaches great importance to traditional festivals and ancestor worship. The 15th day of February, July and August every year is the ancestor worship day, and people believe in ghosts and gods.
Gaoshan Nationality (gāo shān zú)
Gaoshan Nationality is the collective name for the ethnic minorities in Taiwan Province, including more than ten ethnic groups. The name "Gaoshan Tribe" is China's general name for the ethnic groups in Taiwan Province after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945. The Gaoshan area has a large forest coverage area and is known as the "forest treasure house". Gaoshan people have many festivals. Most of their traditional festivals have strong religious overtones. "Harvest Festival", also known as "Harvest Festival", "Harvest Festival", "Harvest Festival", etc., is equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han people and is the grandest festival of the Gaoshan people.
Lahu Nationality (lā hù zú)
The Lahu Nationality are mainly distributed in Lancang, Menglian, Shuangjiang, Menghai, Ximeng counties in southern Yunnan Province. The word "Lahu" is a word in this national language. "La" means tiger, and "Hu" means roasting meat until it becomes fragrant. Therefore, in history, the Lahu people were called the "tiger-hunting people".
Shuizu (shuǐ zú)
Shuizu calls itself "sea water", which means water people. As early as before the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were many tribes living in the Lingnan region and the southeastern coast. According to research, the Shui tribe developed from one of the tribes called "Luoyue". In the Qing Dynasty, people called them "Shuijia Miao" and "Shuijia". After liberation, they were officially named Shuizu.
Dongxiang Nationality (dōng xiāng zú)
Dongxiang Nationality was formed by the fusion of many different ethnic groups living in Dongxiang in the second half of the 14th century, among which the main ones are Hui people and Mongolians who believe in Islam. They live in concentrated communities in Gansu Province, and more than half of them live in Gansu Dongxiang Autonomous County. Dongxiang Eid Festival, also known as "De Festival", is a traditional folk festival of Dongxiang people.
Naxi (nà xī zú)
The Naxi were originally nomadic ancient Qiang people in the Yellow River and Huangshui Valleys of Qinghai Province. They moved south to southwestern Sichuan and northwest Yunnan and divided into different ethnic groups, including the Naxi. . "Na" means great or noble, and "西" means people. The Mosuo people of the Naxi ethnic group in Lijiang believe in gods, worship nature, and believe that everything in the world is dominated by gods. The "Zhuanshan Festival" held every year on the 25th day of the seventh lunar month to worship the Lion Rock is a public sacrificial celebration for people to worship natural entities.
Jingpo tribe (jǐng pō zú)
The Jingpo tribe developed from part of the "Xun Chuan" tribe in the Tang Dynasty. In modern literature, they are mostly called "shantou", and they mainly live in the mountainous areas of counties in the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous County was established on July 24, 1953, and was changed to an autonomous prefecture in 1956. Munao Zongge (Munaozongge) is a traditional festival for the Jingpo people to ward off evil and promote good, and to wish good luck and happiness. It is usually held after the fifteenth day of the first lunar month and lasts for 2 to 3 days. According to the legend of the Jingpo people, it is a large-scale singing and dancing event in which the sun in the sky summons all things on earth to participate. It was spread to the world by rhinos and later became the most grand festival of the Jingpo people.
Kirgiz (kē ěr kè zī zú)
"Kirgiz" is the self-proclaimed name of the Kirgiz people, and its meaning has many interpretations: "forty tribes", "forty girls", "mountain herders" or "prairie people" "wait. Most of the Kirgiz ethnic group live in the Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in southern Xinjiang. The biggest festival of the year for the Kirgiz people is the Noroz Festival. According to the Kirgiz people's calendar, each new moon appears for one month and twelve months for a year. The Noroz Festival is celebrated every year when the first month of the month appears, which is similar to the Spring Festival of the Han people.
Tu Nationality (tǔ zú)
Most of the Tu nationality live in Hunan, Hubei Province, Guizhou Province and Sichuan Province (belonging to Chongqing City). The Tujia people call themselves "Bizka" (meaning local people) and have their own language. Most people speak Chinese, and only a few settlements still retain the Tujia language. Tujia people attach great importance to traditional festivals, especially the New Year. The second day of the second lunar month every year is called the commune day, when commune meals are eaten. Eat rice dumplings on Dragon Boat Festival. During the Double Ninth Festival, the Tujia people used to be superstitious about ghosts and gods and worshiped their ancestors. They had to pay great respect to their ancestors on every new year, and they also had to pay small respects on the first and fifteenth day of the Lunar New Year.
Daur (dá wò ěr zú)
The Daur people mainly live in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Heilongjiang Province, with a small number living in Tacheng County, Xinjiang. "Daur" means "pioneer". Origin: Khitan. In the mid-seventeenth century, in order to safeguard the reunification of the motherland, this nation fired the first shot of armed resistance against the invasion of Tsarist Russia. The Daur people call the Spring Festival "Anie" and regard the Spring Festival as the most grand festival of the year. The 16th day of the first lunar month is the "Black and Ash Day". On this day, people smear each other's faces with black marks, believing that the darker the smear, the more auspicious the new year will be.
Mulao (mù lǎo zú)
Mulao, in their own language, the word "Melao" means "mother". Mainly concentrated in Luocheng and other counties in Guangxi, the Mulao people have their own language but no written language. Most of them are fluent in Chinese and Zhuang and use Chinese.
Qiang (qiāng zú)
The Qiang now mainly live in Maowen, western Sichuan. The Qiang call themselves "Erma", which means "local people". As early as three thousand years ago, there were records about the Qiang people in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin Dynasty. They were mainly active in the northwest and central plains of China. The mountainous areas where the Qiang people live are home to rare pandas, flying foxes, golden monkeys, etc. in the world.
The Blang people (bù lǎng zú)
The Blang people are the descendants of the ancient Pu people. It was called "Puziman" in the Tang Dynasty, and "Puman" in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Due to the different areas where they lived, the Brown people in the past had different names. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, they were collectively referred to as the Blang ethnic group according to the will of this ethnic group. The Blang people used to worship many gods and generally believed in Theravada Buddhism. Many traditional festivals are mostly related to religious activities.
Salar people (sā lā zú)
The Salar people mainly live in the Xunhua area of Qinghai Province, which is located along the Yellow River. The Salar people have their own language, but they have no written language and they generally use Chinese. Salar men mostly make a living by going up the mountains to cut trees and rafting down the rivers. In addition, beekeeping is a favorite sideline production of the Salar people, and gardening is also their specialty.
Maonan (máo nán zú)
The Maonan people mainly live in the upper, middle and lower Nanshan Mountains of Huanjiang County, Guangxi. The Maonan people are an indigenous ethnic group in Lingxi. The Dai people before the Tang Dynasty and the Ling people during the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties are their ancestors. Historical records refer to the Maonan people as "Maotan" and "Maonan". In August 1986, the name was changed to its current name with the approval of the State Council.
Gelao (gē lǎo zú)
The Gelao are mainly distributed in Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County and Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County in Guizhou Province. The rest live in 4 regions including Guiyang City, Liupanshui City, Zunyi City, Tongren City, Bijie City, Anshun City, and Southwest Guizhou. A few live scattered in Yunnan and Guangxi. Those living in Guizhou Province account for more than 97% of the total ethnic population. The Gelao people mainly focus on agriculture. They have a variety of rice in flat areas and a variety of miscellaneous grains in dry lands in mountainous areas. They belong to the rice farming economic and cultural type. It has its own language, which belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family. The academic community has not yet reached a conclusion on the attribution of the linguistic branches of the language family. Only a few old people can speak Gelao. They believe in Taoism, and some also believe in Buddhism.
The Xibe people (xī bó zú)
The Xibe people have lived in the Hulunbuir Prairie and the Nenjiang River Basin. In the mid-18th century, they moved westward to Qapqar and other places in Xinjiang. Now most of them live in Xinjiang, Northeast China, eastern Inner Mongolia, and the Nenjiang River Basin in Heilongjiang Province. Many traditional festivals of the Xibo people are mostly the same as those of the Han people.
Achang (ā chāng zú)
Most of the Achang people live in Yunnan, and they are one of the earliest ethnic groups living in Yunnan, China. Depending on the place of residence, there are also names such as "Mengsa", "Mengsa Zen", "Duisa" and "Hansa". After liberation, they were collectively called the Achang people. Huijie is a traditional gathering of the Achang people, mostly held in the middle of September of the lunar calendar every year. The Achang people believe in Theravada Buddhism, and Hui Street was originally a religious gathering. The main religious festivals include Jinwa (closing the door), Chuwa (opening the door), burning firewood, and the Water Splashing Festival. In addition to religious festivals, there are many traditional festivals unique to the nation. Such as: Torch Festival, Woluo Festival, Flower Watering Festival and Spring Festival.
Pumi (pǔ mǐ zú)
The origin of the Pumi belongs to the Qiang branch of the nomadic people in northwest China in ancient China. "Pumi" means white people. They mainly live in Lanping Bai and Pumi Autonomous County in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, Yongsheng County and Ninglang Yi Autonomous County in Lijiang area. In the past, the Pumi people worshiped many gods and ancestors, and most of their festivals were closely related to sacrificial activities. Such festivals as the Chinese New Year (Spring Festival), Qingming Festival, Beginning of Summer, Dragon Boat Festival, Torch Festival, Taste the New Festival and other festivals. In the past, the Pumi people held a larger sacrificial activity to the gods of Xiaotiandi every three years, which was jointly held by the whole ethnic group or the whole village.
Tajik (tǎ jí kè zú)
Although the Tajik have the characteristics of the European race, they have lived and multiplied on the land of China since ancient times. Sixty percent of the Tajiks currently live in Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in Xinjiang, and the rest are distributed in Shadong, Xinjiang Zepu, Xinjiang Yecheng, Xinjiang and Pishan counties. The Tajik Autonomous County was established on July 17, 1954. The festivals of the Tajik people are basically the same as those of the local Uighurs, Uzbeks, Kirgiz and other ethnic groups who believe in Islam, and their festival foods are also roughly similar. One month before Ramadan every year, Tajiks hold the Baroti Festival. The Qidiqian Dier Festival is the most important festival for the Tajik people. It is equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han people and is mostly held in March.
Nu (nù zú)
The Nu people are one of the ancient ethnic groups in Yunnan, mainly distributed in Yunnan Province. The Nu people call themselves "Nusu", "Anu" and "Along". It coexists with the Lisu, Dulong, Tibetan, Bai, Han, Naxi and other ethnic groups. The traditional festivals of the Nu people include the New Year, the Flower Festival, the Grain God Festival, and the Mountain and Forest Festival. Among them, the New Year festival has the strongest atmosphere, which is both grand and simple. Fairy Festival is a traditional folk festival of the Nu people in Gongshan District, Yunnan Province. Also known as the Flower Festival locally, it is held on the 15th day of the third lunar month every year.
Uzbek ethnic group (wū zī bié kè zú)
The Uzbek ethnic group is distributed in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The Uzbeks first lived in various parts of Central Asia. In the Yuan Dynasty, they were called "Yuejibie" and "Yuezubo". In the 15th century, they gradually formed a nation. The Uzbeks have their own language and believe in Islam.The main festivals of the Uzbek people include "Holy Ji Festival", "Ruzi Festival", "Eid al-Adha", etc. The traditional festivals of the Uzbek people are basically the same as those of other local ethnic groups who believe in Islam. The most solemn festival of the year.
Russian (é luó sī zú)
The Russians are an ethnic minority that gradually moved south from Tsarist Russia to Xinjiang, China and other places after the 18th century. During the period when the feudal warlord Sheng Shicai ruled Xinjiang, they were called the "Guihua tribe". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was renamed "Russian". They are mainly scattered throughout Xinjiang, with a small number distributed in Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and other places. The customs and habits of the Russians in China are basically the same as those of the Russians in the former Soviet Union. Most of them believe in Orthodox Christianity. The Russians attach great importance to traditional festivals, especially "Easter", which is the most solemn. One week before the festival, no meat is eaten, only vegetarian food.
Ewenki è wēn kè zúEwenki people are mainly distributed in Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in Northeast China. Ewenki is the national self-proclaimed name, which means "people who live in the mountains and forests." In the primeval forest of the Greater Khingan Mountains at 52 degrees north latitude, there are still footprints and cooking smoke of the Ewenki people. Their settlement is the Aoluguya Ewenki Hunter Village, known as the "Arctic Village".
The Ewenki have their own language, which belongs to the Tungus branch of the Altaic language family - the Tungus branch of the Manchu family, and is divided into three dialects: Hailar, Chenbalhu and Aoluguya. There is no written language, Mongolian is generally used in pastoral areas, and Chinese is commonly used in agricultural and forest areas.
De'ang (dé áng zú)
The original name of the De'ang is "Benglong Clan". On September 17, 1985, it was officially renamed De'ang with the approval of the State Council. "Benglong" is his name. More than two-thirds of the various branches of the De'ang people call themselves "De'ang", which means "stone rock". The De'ang people are one of the oldest ethnic groups among the current residents of the southwest frontier. They have been living on the west bank of the Nujiang River as far back as the second century BC.
Baoan people (bǎo ān zú)
The Baoan people are also called "Baoan Hui" because of their Islamic belief and customs and habits that are similar to those of the local Hui people. In 1950, according to the wishes of the people of this ethnic group, they were named Baoan ethnic group. The Baoan people are mainly distributed in Gansu Province in northwest China. The Baoan people speak Chinese and mostly believe in Islam. The production of the famous Baoan waist knife has a history of more than 100 years, and it is especially loved by the Tibetan people.
Yugur (yù gù zú)
The Yugu people live in the Sunan area of the Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province, and the rest live in the Huangnipu area of Jiuquan. The Yugur people call themselves "Yaohuer" and "Lianglayugur". The Yugu people originated from the nomadic Uighurs who lived in the Orkhon River Basin during the Tang Dynasty. In the early Ming Dynasty, they gradually moved to the Qilian Mountains and gradually formed the Yugu tribe. The festival customs of the Yugu people reflect all aspects of the nation’s material and social life. The Yugu people’s children’s hair shaving ceremony is unique. According to tradition, children of Yugu people do not shave their heads for the first time until they are 3 years old. Hold a more solemn ceremony.
Jing Nationality (jīng zú)
The Jing Nationality mainly live in three small islands, namely Qianwei, Wutou and Shanxin, in Jiangping Township, Fangcheng Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, known as the "Three Jing Islands". The Kinh ethnic group historically called themselves "Jing", "Yue" or "Annan". In 1958, according to the wishes of the ethnic group, they were officially named the Kinh ethnic group with the approval of the State Council. The Jing people mainly believe in Taoism, and a few people believe in Catholicism.
Tatar (tǎ tǎ ěr zú)
The Tatar ethnic group is mainly distributed in Xinjiang, including Yining, Tacheng, Urumqi and other cities. It was called Tatar in ancient times. The original meaning of the word "Tatar" is "thatched cottage". The Tatar language belongs to the Altaic language family, and is now commonly used in Uyghur or Kazakh. It mainly engages in commerce and handicrafts, and believes in Islam. The festivals, etiquette and food customs of the Tatar people are similar to those of other local ethnic groups that believe in Islam, such as the Uyghurs and Kazakhs. The "Saban Festival" of the Tatar people, also known as the "Plowshare Festival", is mostly held in beautiful places in spring, with singing and dancing, as well as group activities such as wrestling, tug-of-war, and horse racing.
Dulong people (dú lóng zú)
The Dulong people were once called "Qi people", "Qu people", etc. After liberation, they were renamed Dulong according to the wishes of this nation. Now they mainly live in the Dulong Valley of Gongshan, Yunnan Province. In the middle of this century, the Dulong people were still in the disintegration stage of primitive communes, and women still advocated the custom of face tattoos. The religious beliefs of the Dulong people in the past were still in the relatively primitive nature worship or animistic stage. Even the only annual festival (Dulong language: Kaqiaowa) was connected with religion. Guo Ka Que Wa is held on a certain day in the twelfth lunar month of winter every year (the time varies in different places). The length of the festival is often determined by the amount of food prepared.
Oroqen tribe (è lún chūn zú)
"Oroqen" is the self-proclaimed name of the Oroqen people. There are two interpretations of its meaning. One is "people who live in the mountains", and the other is "people who use reindeer". Before the Qing Dynasty, people generally called the Oroqen tribe the "Suolun tribe", the "Dashou tribe" or the "Shilu tribe". After the founding of New China, they were collectively known as the Oroqen ethnic group.
Hezhe (hè zhé zú)
The ancestors of the Hezhe ethnic group have thrived in the Heilongjiang, Songhuajiang and Wusuli River basins since ancient times. In history, there were different names such as "Heijin", "Heizhen", "Hezhen", "Qileng" and "Hezhe". After the founding of New China, the unified ethnic group was named Hezhe, which means the people living in the "east" and the "downstream" of the river. The River Lantern Festival is a traditional folk festival of the Hezhen people. The Hezhe people, who have made a living by fishing for generations, put out river lanterns and worship the river god every year on July 15 of the lunar calendar to pray and bless the tribe for safety and good fishing. Good harvest.
Monba (mén bā zú)
Monba According to Tibetan historical records, the ancestors of the Monba have thrived in the Himalayas in southern Tibet for a long time. The Monba people mainly live in Medog, Linzhi, Cona and other counties in Tibet. "Menba" means people who live in Menyu. The Monba people follow the Tibetan calendar, and their festivals are the same as those of the Tibetan people. During the festival, cattle and sheep are slaughtered, sumptuous food and wine are purchased, and guests are entertained. According to legend, the birth and death of Sakyamuni, the Buddha of Tibetan Buddhism, are on the 15th day of April in the Tibetan calendar. To commemorate this day, all temples in the Monba area chant sutras, pray and hold various religious activities.
Lhoba people (luò bā zú)
Lhoba people are mainly distributed in southeastern Tibet, with a population of only more than 2,300 people (in 2000; not including the 600,000 Lhoba people in the southern Tibet disputed by China and India). They are the ethnic group with the smallest population in China. Lhoba is the Tibetan name for them, meaning southerners. Domestic slavery still existed before Emancipation. In August 1965, it was officially recognized as a single ethnic group. The Lhoba people living in the Medog and Milin areas follow the Tibetan calendar, and all festivals and sacrificial activities are not much different from those of the Tibetan people. The Lhoba people of Ximen call the New Year Festival the "Tiao Geng Gu Ru Shu" festival. Many places still retain the ancient custom of "clan gathering". In the early Indian-occupied areas, there were also many Lhoba compatriots.
Jinuo Nationality (jī nuò zú)
The Jino Nationality lives in Jinuo Township, Jinghong County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province and its surrounding areas. The Jinuo people call themselves "Jinuo", which is translated into Chinese as "Youle". In 1979, they were officially designated as China's 55th ethnic minority by the State Council. The Jinuo people used to believe in animistic primitive religion, but the worship of their ancestors played a major role.
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