Original title: [Safe life, safe production, safe development] Provide technical support for disaster prevention and mitigation -
Geological Disaster Prevention and Control Work Side Notes of the Geological and Natural Disaster Prevention and Control Work of Gansu Academy of Sciences
Geological staff investigate the landslide disaster situation on site.
This group of pictures are provided by the Institute of Geological Natural Disaster Prevention and Control of the Provincial Academy of Sciences
Workers conduct geological exploration in the landslide disaster relocation resettlement area.
Dangchang County major ditch mudslide, Zhuoni County Shangzhuogou mudslide, Wudu District Sanjiadi large landslide, Zhouqu County Nanshan landslide disaster, Zhucheng County super large mudslide control, etc. These urgent, difficult, dangerous and severe geological disaster prevention and control projects are inseparable from the unremitting efforts of scientific researchers from the Institute of Geological Natural Disaster Prevention and Control of Gansu Academy of Sciences.
In recent years, the Institute of Geological and Natural Disaster Prevention and Control of Gansu Academy of Sciences has closely focused on the needs of the state and province in disaster prevention and mitigation and major engineering geological environment security guarantee. With the two major fields of "geological disaster prevention and control and geological environment protection", it has carried out basic theoretical research and applied technology research and development and promotion in geological disaster risk identification, monitoring and early warning, engineering governance, land planning, geological environment restoration, etc., providing important innovative technical support for improving disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, ensuring geological and ecological environment security, and promoting social and economic development.
New Gansu·Gansu Daily reporter Zhao Mei Correspondent Wang Feng
overcome scientific research problems of loess landslide
"No matter how heavy the rain is now, you don't have to worry, you can sleep well!" Linxia Prefecture Jiao Shiguang, a villager in Jiaojia Village, Heifangtai, Yanguoxia Town, Yongjing County, said that in the past, when he listened to the sound of rain outside, he dared not sleep, was worried, and was always on guard against possible landslide mudslides.
Jiao Shiguang is 66 years old and has lived in Jiaojia Village, Heifangtai, located halfway up the mountain for generations. In October 2018, Jiaojia Village, which had a landslide, was relocated to the whole village. He was resettled to the Jiaojia Village resettlement area. Gone are the days when he was worried during heavy rains.
Zhou Ziqiang, a researcher at the Institute of Geology and Natural Disaster Prevention and Control of Gansu Academy of Sciences, told reporters that since the 1960s, more than 140 landslides have occurred within 10.7 kilometers of Heifangtai Plateau, causing a total of 41 deaths and more than 100 injuries. The frequent landslide disasters not only seriously affect the production and life of the vast number of cadres and the masses in the Taiyuan area, but also have a shadow on the psychology of the local people, and have become a "bottleneck" problem affecting the economic and social development of the Taiyuan area and even Yongjing .
On February 7, 2012, after a major landslide geological disaster occurred in Heifangtai, Yongjing County, the comprehensive geological disaster management project of Liuyan Baku District, Yongjing County, with a total investment of 1.536 billion yuan was approved and implemented. Through the implementation of projects such as the relocation and avoidance of people in the Taiyuan landslide area, the construction of farmland facilities and agricultural water-saving transformation, the safety of people's lives and property was guaranteed.
During the implementation of the entire project, researcher Zhou Ziqiang and others first proposed the Liuyan Baku District ecological geological environment comprehensive governance project to the Linxia Prefecture and Yongjing County Government, participated in the national "Liuyan Baku District Geological Disasters and Ecological Geological Environment Comprehensive Governance Project", and were responsible for completing the entire process of project proposal, feasibility study, initial construction, and construction drawing design for the relocation and avoidance project in the landslide hazardous area. After the implementation of the relocation and avoidance project, three landslide disasters occurred in the local area, and no casualties were caused. The lives and property safety of 6 townships, 16 villages, 576 households and 2,440 people in the disaster area were protected, and it played a positive role in accelerating the poverty alleviation of people in the disaster area and becoming prosperous.
The relocation and avoidance project of the Black Platform Dangerous Area is just a microcosm of the Institute of Geology and Natural Disaster Prevention and Control of the Gansu Academy of Sciences to overcome the scientific problem of loess landslide.
According to Zhou Ziqiang, loess geological disasters are the most typical and special disasters in the world. The Institute is committed to research in the fields of loess landslide formation mechanism, prediction and forecasting of loess landslides, prevention and control of loess landslides, and loess geological disaster assessment, and is at the forefront of the country.The completed topics such as "Evaluation, Monitoring, Forecasting and Prevention and Control Measures of Loess Landslides", "Research on Liquefaction of Saturated Soils due to Landslides", "Mechanism of Formation of Giant Thick Layer Loess Landslides and Reducing Disasters in Western China", "The Theory and Practice of Medium- and Short-term Forecast of Loess Landslides", and "Research on Loess Landslide Disasters" have set a precedent for the national loess landslide disaster system research and fill the gap in this area of geological disaster research. In terms of practical application, the institute has successively completed the management projects of landslide disaster management in Xihe County, east-west and west mountains, landslide disaster management in Tianshui City, landslide disaster management in Taishan Miaojiao Shuwan, landslide disaster in Tianshui Forging Machine Tool Factory, landslide disaster in National Highway 109, landslides, dozens of landslides in Yongjing Hefangtai, landslide in Hezui Village, Xigu District, Lanzhou City, and hundreds of emergency disaster relief treatments.
offers suggestions for ecological restoration
On the platform of the No. 2 mining pit of the Fire Mountain No. 2 in the silver open-pit mine area, wild wolfberry and wild flowers grown in the six-diamond pit add some vitality to this place. Looking down from the platform, you can see the mining pit.
Baiyin open-pit mine area has a long history and has a history of more than 600 years. The open-pit mine started infrastructure in February 1956 to closed pits in 1988. It has gone through 32 years of construction and development process, making important contributions to economic construction. However, at the same time, the geological environment of the mine in the mining area and the originally fragile ecological environment system have also been greatly damaged, and the mining ecological environment is in a vicious cycle.
From 2009 to 2012, the former Baiyin Municipal Land and Resources Bureau applied for a total of 40.6 million yuan of special funds from the former Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Finance, and raised 40 million yuan of funds to implement the Baiyin open-pit mine environmental governance project in four phases. The Institute of Geology and Natural Disaster Prevention and Control of Gansu Academy of Sciences is responsible for the feasibility study, exploration and design of the project. Through measures such as geological disaster management in mining areas, topography and landscape restoration, land reclamation, mining area infrastructure construction, and ecological restoration projects, the geological environment of the mining area has been completely changed, and the Baiyin National Mine Theme Park has been initially built.
In terms of design concept, the Institute of Geological and Natural Disaster Prevention and Control of Gansu Academy of Sciences fully considers mining slag cleaning to effectively curb the deterioration of the geological environment in the mine. At the same time, in landscape design, comprehensive considerations make the mine a part of the Baiyin National Mining Park. Through comprehensive governance, the mine will reach the standard for green ecological environment governance and restoration, and the geological ecological environment will enter a virtuous cycle.
, and at the Baolongshan gypsum mine in Wuwei City, Wuwei City, 5 days Zhu County, spruce and shawl grass planted on the bare rocks left over from open-pit mining grew well.
Zhou Ziqiang introduced that in the restoration of the ecological environment of the mine in the Qilian Mountains, they studied and formulated an ecological restoration route that conforms to the actual situation in the region. They not only considered how to carry out stable restoration under appropriate ecology, but also considered whether the better ecosystem structure can be achieved after the restoration, and the ultimate goal of better water source conservation and soil and water conservation functions.
As of now, with the technical support of the institute, many ecological restoration projects have been completed in some mining areas of Qilian Mountains, some mining areas of Gannan, and Taoji diversion project. The cumulative ecological restoration area of nearly 8,000 hectares has been completed.
Ensure the lives of 300,000 people
"I will go to the riverside to check the water level at night!" After the flood season, Yuan Zhicheng, director of the Nanyu Village Committee of Zhouqu County, not only works normally every day, but also pays attention to weather forecasts. In the morning and evening, he goes to the Bailongjiang to observe the water level, because his other identity is a group test group defenseman.
On July 10 last year, under the influence of heavy rainfall in the early stage, the flow of Bailong River reached 734 cubic meters per second, which is a once-in-a-50-year situation. The river water erodes and erodes the front edge of the Jiangding Cliff landslide in Nanyu Township, causing the upper slope to lose support and cause sliding deformation. At 8:00 on July 12, the front edge of the landslide was nearly 40 meters thick and had a volume of about 5 million cubic meters. The landslide was about 1,000 meters away from Nanyu Village, Nanyu Township, and the front edge of the landslide was Bailongjiang and Provincial Highway S313. The landslide caused the water level of Bailong River to rise by 5 to 8 meters, and 77 households and 312 people were relocated and resettled, with no casualties.
"It is precisely because of the information reported by the group test and group defense personnel, as well as the feedback data of the integrated rainfall meter installed in the field, which is convenient for us to make decisions and minimize disaster losses." Zhang Xiaohong, deputy director of Zhouqu County Natural Resources Bureau, introduced.
, and Yuan Zhicheng is the person who reported and uploaded information. He always observed the changes in rainfall and the water level of the Bailong River. After discovering signs of landslides in the mountain, he immediately reported to the Natural Disaster Early Warning Center, providing first-hand information for the evacuated people to reduce losses. In 2014, the Institute of Geological and Natural Disaster Prevention and Control of Gansu Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Cold and Drought of the Chinese Academy of Sciences overcame problems such as inconsistent data systems and standards, and incompatibility of computer software systems in various industries, and jointly developed the "Zhouqu County Natural Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning Decision Command System". The system can release geological disaster warning information to the supervisors and information officers of all counties and townships covered by the monitoring and early warning decision-making command system in advance, and organize the masses to prepare for evacuation at any time, realizing group testing and group prevention under the support of mobile smart terminals.
Zhao Hongtao, a researcher at the Institute of Geological Natural Disaster Prevention and Control of Gansu Academy of Sciences, introduced that Zhouqu County’s natural disaster monitoring, early warning and decision-making command system is currently the first county-level comprehensive natural disaster monitoring, early warning and command platform in the country.
early warning and command platform is a post-disaster reconstruction project. It innovates the top-level design in accordance with the principles of "information sharing, resource integration, comprehensive prevention, and unified command". It integrates and constructs disaster prevention and mitigation databases for geological disaster monitoring and early warning, mountain torrent monitoring and early warning, and meteorological warning information systems, and has functions such as natural disaster monitoring, early warning, evaluation and decision-making, comprehensive command, emergency treatment and information release.
At present, the command platform has realized the sharing of monitoring and early warning information resources in disaster prevention and mitigation industries such as meteorology, land, and water conservancy, unified decision-making, unified release of disaster prevention and relief information, and realize joint monitoring and early warning and unified command of natural disasters. Since its operation, more than 200 disaster warning information such as rainfall has been successfully released. Warning information was promptly issued in disasters such as Kaimagou mudslide in Boyu and landslide in Jiangding Cliff river blocking, minimizing property losses to the greatest extent and achieving zero casualties in natural disasters for five consecutive years.
In September 2018, the institute established the "Zhouqu Geological Disaster Prevention and Control Research Base of the Provincial Academy of Sciences" in accordance with the requirements of the main leaders of Gansu Academy of Sciences , with the project as support.
html Over the past 0 years, the Institute of Geology and Natural Disaster Prevention and Control of Gansu Academy of Sciences has dispatched more than 1,200 people, completed more than 600 emergency rescue and disaster site exploration tasks, provided more than 500 disaster reports to relevant departments, submitted more than 400 dangerous situation treatment plans, protected the lives and property of 300,000 people, and recovered economic losses of more than 2 billion yuan.[Short Comment]
Group Test and Group Prevention Reduce disaster losses to the minimum
Zhao Mei
Gansu natural disaster points are numerous and wide. To minimize disaster losses, a scientific disaster prevention and mitigation system must be established.
A scientific disaster prevention and mitigation system not only requires scientific design, complete hardware facilities and appropriate emergency measures, but also requires strengthening the construction of a group testing and prevention system, enhancing the disaster prevention awareness of each threatened population, so that they can learn to prevent disasters. Only by allowing the masses to participate and becoming the main force in disaster prevention can administrative dispatching and command measures be implemented better and disaster losses can be minimized.
