Leviathan Note: Over the past five thousand years, China during the Ming and Qing dynasties underwent an unprecedented huge change. First, crops from the New World have caused China's population to soar; secondly, the influx of silver in the Americas has rewritten my country's traditional monetary system; then, the newly emerging private business was pulled into the global business network by the flood of Westerners, greatly promoting the development of private business.
Thousands of years of farming economy have reached the ceiling, and commerce and handicrafts have become new incisions. However, the rapid upheaval also made people feel uneasy, and the improvement of social systems tended to be slow, and undercurrents were surging under prosperity. In such an era, escort agencies came into being.
text/K
proofreading/shrimp biscuit
This article was published by K Liang in Leviathan
The article is only the author's point of view and does not necessarily represent Leviathan's position
Ma Sanli eldest son Ma Zhiming (left), Huang Jumin performed a crosstalk " Great Bodyguard " in the "Commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Ma Sanli " event. Picture from the Internet
Although the road is rugged, it is simply hazy moonlight.
walks until midnight and passes a yellow sand hill. There is a dense pine forest in front of you.
and listen to the "Squeaker-bang! " arrow,
choking and a bracelet is crisp,
Oh my! It turns out that there are bandits in front!
More than 200 minions jumped out of the woods,
Each person has a ghost-headed knife, swallows are lined up,
Lanterns and torches shine like daytime...
- Crosstalk "Big Bodyguard"
Martial Arts novels and costume TV series, the escort agency is the place where stories happen, but escorts are mostly supporting characters, and they are usually bullied. But throughout ancient history, escort agency culture is the last world. When did the escort agency originate? There is no final conclusion yet. "HTM5 Wushu Huizong " written by Mr. 5 Wan Laisheng , a contemporary martial arts master, is one of the rare authoritative works to study the history of martial arts. It is recorded that the Shanxi master during the Qianlong period was the founder of the escort agency industry.
Shanxi Divine Fist Invincible Zhang Heiwu asked King Bodhidharma,
to refer Qianlong to receive the imperial edict,
opened Xinglong Escort Agency on Qianmen Street, Shuntian Prefecture, Beijing...
——"Wu Shuntian Prefecture"
According to rumors, Zhang Heiwu was the martial arts coach of Emperor Qianlong, and founded the Xinglong Escort Agency and listened to Qianlong's suggestions. In the future, when the stadiumers go out for , they will shout a slogan: " Hewu, a slogan, , and a car, , and return safely in the world for half a year. " Among them, this "Hewu" is said to be the homonym of "Black Friday", which means blessing the ancestor.
million sounds. Picture from the Internet
Regarding Wan Laisheng's views, modern scholars Wei Juxian have opposed it in real name. During the Anti-Japanese War, Wei Juxian was ordered to go to Shanxi to investigate the historical evolution of 号 , and finally wrote "History of 未号". In this book, the appearance of Wei Juxian's escort agency was not during the Qianlong period, nor did it start from Zhang Heiwu. He believed that the escort agency first appeared in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. At that time, Gu Yanwu, Fu Shan, Dai Tingshi and others set up a special escort agency to cover up their eyes and ears in order to secretly carry out the revolutionary work of anti-Qing and restoring the Ming Dynasty.
In addition, according to the research of Japanese scholar Kato Hikaru and Chinese Taiwanese scholar Chen Guodong, escort agencies were already quite prosperous from the end of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty to the beginning of Chongzhen. Not only that, the two people's contribution also lies in the idea that the "dart" should be the "mark", which means the label that was hot at that time, and it was not the weapon we used to think.
During that period, on the one hand, the rise of the Maritime Silk Road greatly promoted the commodity economy, and wealth and materials had a large demand for long-distance trafficking; on the other hand, social unrest and bandits were rampant, and the business environment of was not safe enough. The escort agency business came into being. Whether it is a wealthy businessman or a scholar who goes to Beijing to take the exam, most of them will entrust the escort agency to transport property to protect the safety of travelers.
Not everyone can open an escort agency.First of all, on assets , the seemingly unsubstantiated business actually requires a large amount of asset reserves to operate, otherwise if the escort is lost, it cannot even be compensated; secondly, on social relations , the escort agency needs to take both black and white, have a wide connection, and the head of the escort must have a certain status in the martial arts world, which can shock the escorts; furthermore, the escorts naturally need to have enough real skills , after all, this is a job of licking blood from the knife. When
was warding, the ward team promoted the unicycle (to facilitate the progress of the rugged roads in the mountains and forests) , and inserted the ward flag with the name of the escort agency printed on it, and shouted the ward account of each company. is just like Liang Yusheng wrote in "Mingdi Fengyunlu": The Luoyang Huwei Escort Agency's escort shouted when he was on a ward:
Tiger roared Zhongzhou! Please borrow from friends in the martial arts world!
—"Mingdi Fengyunlu"
escort car with only one wheel. The picture is from the Internet
shouting escorts, which is to do mobile advertising, and to allow low-level minion bandits to retreat. But when the escort team passes through Hebei Cangzhou , no matter whether it is on land or water, no matter how famous the escort agency is, it will stop shouting the escort slogans and take off the escort flag and pass by quietly.
This is because Cangzhou has been known as the "hometown of martial arts" in history. If you walk through it with great fanfare, it will be considered by people in the martial arts world to be provoked and show off. This is what is called " darts do not shout Cangzhou ".
is actually the most proprietor in Cangzhou area, and there are many experts.
——"Wu Shu Huizong"
What if this martial arts dating is broken? According to legend, in the sixth year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (1801), the head of the Guangsheng Escort Agency in Henan Province, Dai Erlu , once escorted Cangzhou. A new escort did not understand the rules and shouted, which led to three martial artists in the martial arts world in Cangzhou blocking the way.
Let’s talk about Dai Erlu, whose nickname is Erlu, was changed to the name after growing up. Although this person opened the escort agency in Henan, he was from a martial arts family in Shanxi. Since childhood, his father taught a kung fu that was only secretly passed on from the Dai family - Xinyiquan. His kung fu is of great significance. Facing the criticism of the Cangzhou martial artist, Dai Shenquan apologized repeatedly, but the other party was still unyielding and insisted on fighting.
bodyguard Dai Erlu. The picture from the network
stops the sword as a martial arts. It is said that after a few rounds, Dai Erlu pretended that his skills were not as good as others, and finally used a move of "beauty hanging paintings", just like a false breeze blowing. He firmly pressed his body against the wall behind him for several seconds before falling down, and then he was able to escape.
The layman seemed to be Dai Erlu being beaten out of the ring, and in the eyes of those who understand, this is a first-class skill. Master Dai not only gave enough face to the Cangzhou martial artists, but also maintained his own boxing status. This move is amazing. Cangzhou martial artist knew he had offended him, so he stopped. The Guangsheng Escort Agency thus gained great reputation and became famous all over the world.
In addition to escorting, not calling Cangzhou, there are many other rules in the escort agency. For example, the bodyguards have a catchphrase called "three-point security", that is, " brings three-point smiles, lets three-point reason, drink three-point wine ", which is the character that a bodyguard should have cultivation .
Cangzhou magic gun Li Shuwen, this person is another legendary story. Picture from the Internet
In addition, the bodyguard also pays attention to "three meetings and one no", that is, " can cut hair, cook, repair shoes, and not wash your face. ". The first three items are naturally easy to understand. As for "not washing your face", it is because the bad environment of wind and sun exposure all year round can easily cause damage to the newly washed skin, and the dust on your face can better protect your skin. If the stadiumer says "you can wash your face tomorrow", it means you can reach your destination tomorrow.
In film and television dramas, you often see the escorts suddenly being attacked by bandits during the escort process. The two sides started to do it without just saying a word. For a moment, sand and stones and red lights splashed. Often, the escorts were defeated in the end, otherwise the screenwriter would not need to arrange such a scene of escort robbery.
But in real history, the relationship between the troop robbers and the robbers who robbed the robbers is quite subtle. In the concept of escorts, you can have this job all rely on the thieves to reward . If there were no thieves, no one would have entrusted the escort agency to protect property safety. The bandits also believe that thieves also have theories . If they really rob the goods and silence them, they will break the rules of the world and will suffer losses in the end.
So when the bandits are preparing to rob the thief, they will put up thorns on the path that the thief team must pass, which is very deliberately placed. This is called " Evil Tiger Blocks the Road ", which means "I'm going to be ready to rob, brothers from the thief industry will give you some face and stay." Even the wardrobe with a little experience will not directly pick out the thorns, but will ask the chief wardrobe to come forward first and use the lip to plate the slogan.
film and television drama "The Prequel of the World" stills
The so-called lip dictionary, also known as spring dots and incisions, is also slander, a language signal used by people from the martial arts world in specific occasions, and outsiders sound like code words. Why can’t people in the martial arts world speak well and use lip lexicon?
Reason 1: taboo , just like fishermen are taboo to say words like "turn", they are afraid of causing misfortune; Reason 2: hides key information , for example, in the old days, the sound horse in the northeast called "Yang" the surname "Rhino-horned spiritual mandarin", the surname "He" was "Jiujiang Baman", and the surname "Leng" was "Northwest Wind Mandarin", avoiding the purpose to avoid the walls; Reason 3: is for the secret code , not for the people who are traveling around, if the escort master doesn't even say lip dictum, it is probably just a soft persimmon that is easy to pinch.
is located inside the escort agency memorial hall in Pingyao. The picture from the Internet
has morality, and the bodyguard will not take action easily. lip dictionary, which is equivalent to the first round of negotiations. Whether it is the escort or the bandits, they all go for money, not for life. Any side that goes too far will be despised by the people in the martial arts world. Therefore, the escort agency naturally has the ability to clear the thieves. After the escort agency, it will also manage all the hills and make everyone happy.
thief: Whose family’s meals are eaten by ?
dart: eats a friend’s meal.
thief: Whose clothes are worn by ?
dart: wears friends' clothes.
If you encounter a difficult bandit and don’t want to let go of all good things, then it’s time to show off your skills. But even at this time, the fight will not start immediately. Generally, escorts will use a few tricks to show off their skills, and will show up for the last time to advise the bandits to do what they can.
dart: friends listen to it, I am an online friend, you are the Green Forest Brothers,
You are in the forest, I am outside the forest, and we are all in the family.
thief: is not a single one.
darts: 500 years ago, there was no distinction between them.
is a friend who eats meat, don’t eat bones, don’t regret eating bones.
The plaque "Megatron Quartet" written by the court official Li Hongzhang for the member escort agency . The picture is from the Internet
and there are no plans to stop, so I had to search the guy. Even if you really start, will generally leave room for both sides and will not make a living to death , otherwise, once a person dies, the revenge will come to an end, and it will be for the sake of a meal.
But what if the bandits you encounter are really short of this food? This is when testing the escort. On the one hand, he has his own life and loyalty and courage to walk around the world. In the battle of , he may have a different body and head, and when he escapes, he will be the most important one. It is only in a moment.
is not something like this that has happened. In the 27th year of the Guangxu period (1901), the largest escort agency in Beijing at that time, the Friends Escort Agency, transported 10,000 taels of cash from Baoding to Tianjin. When someone robbed the escort in Xiaxihe, the two sides fought, but only four of the eight escorts came back.
The member escort agency was established in Dashilan in the past. The picture from the Internet
is naturally not over yet. Everyone follows the rules of the world. If you suddenly don’t abide by the rules, no one will be happy. Within a few days, the Association Friends Escort Agency joined forces with the Eight Major Escort Agency in Beijing to send a large team to fight against the bandits and "eliminate the harm" for the world.
In addition to protecting money and financial security, the escort agency can also undertake the business of escorting customers on the road and even protecting homes and hospitals. Therefore, it is also the predecessor of private bodyguards. When Li Hongzhang came to Beijing, in order not to make Empress Dowager Cixi feel suspicious, he came to Beijing without a soldier. After arriving in Beijing, he hired an escort from the Association Escort Agency to protect his own safety.
In feudal society, it was able to be trusted by the important officials of the dynasty and entrusted with their lives. This shows the prosperity of the escort agency back then. What's more, in the Gengzi national crisis, Empress Dowager Cixi took Emperor Guangxu to flee west, beauties called "West Hunting". The troops in the palace have long been scattered. Who will protect the lives and property of the fugitive troops? The old empress dowager remembered the Li family who opened an escort agency.
The Li family escort agency was ordered to escort Empress Dowager Cixi, disguised as a village woman, all the way west. Not only did she protect the old lady's life, but she also had a lot of gold and silver money with her accompanying her, and the task was completed very beautifully. Therefore, later, Cixi also gave the Li family escort agency a plaque with the title of "Regional" which was equivalent to the title of "Royal".
Cixi, who fled west, stayed in Xi'an for a year. The picture shows the scene of officials leaving the city to greet when Cixi returned to the palace. The picture does not record this order from the online
history books, and how much money did the Li's escort agency finally make. The revenue of the escort agency is called "escort profit", ranging from 5% to 0.5%. It is said that the Red Escort Agency sent the national tax revenue - Caoyin , with an amount of up to 3 million taels, while the escort agency collected the fire consumption of Caoyin, which was roughly 1%, or 30,000 taels of silver, and the reward was very generous.
The actual person in charge of a country has to rely on civil force to protect its own security; the tax revenue of a country has to rely on private escort agencies to transport it. It can be seen that the Qing government was already at the end of its journey.
As mentioned in the previous article, there are eight major escort agencies in the capital. These eight companies are located in the area outside the front gate, and that area is called the escort agency. In 1906, Qianmen Railway Station was built, and the railway tracks passed through the gate of the escort bureau, which was full of symbolic meaning.
Old photo of Qianmen Railway Station. Source: Marilyn Shea
Lao She said in "The Broken Soul Gun": "Since foreigners brought trains and foreign guns into China, there is no world to be said." The decline of the escort agency began when the train drove into China.
It is conceivable that with the fast and low-priced train transportation , who else would transport property through an escort agency? The emergence of hot weapons such as foreign guns and cannons quickly caused to hit on the escort agency system built based on martial arts and cold weapons.
plus the predecessor of modern banks - 号 , began to emerge in large quantities. The problem of large-scale transfer of silver can be perfectly solved through bank notes, and the culture of the escort agency was soon submerged under the rolling surge of history. Nowadays, we can only see the past of the Half Silk Escort Agency in memorial halls, film and television dramas, or in the history of the Yelu.
The picture shows China's first ticket number Rishengchang, and the semicolon even opened to London at its peak.
Where have the bodyguards gone? After the 1920s, many escort agencies that were full of energy were forced to close their businesses. Li Wenting, a Tianjin native who was born in a family of escorts, changed his job to establish the "Tianjin Chinese Warrior Association" to teach Xingyiquan; the sixth-generation successor of Mitsutsu Fist, who had never failed for decades, retired from the escort business and returned to his hometown to farm in his forties, gave birth to a son named Huo Yuanjia.
The great martial artist who was originally working for the Changsheng Escort Agency Li Xingjie , gave up his work and returned to his hometown to become the deputy captain of the Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Force; the contemporary martial arts master who had been in the Escort Agency for 21 years Li Yaochen , Cixi danced the Eight Immortals Sword in front of her, Mei Lanfang drank the apprentice tea in front of her knees, and beat the Japanese boxer on the ring. After leaving the Escort Agency, she created her own "Wuji Sword Technique" to the 29th Army, and attacked the Japanese army (the lyrics of "the big knife chopped the Japanese on the head" came from this).
Contemporary martial arts master Li Yaochen.Picture from the Internet
These are all escort heroes who have left their names in the history of modern martial arts. However, more escorts who leave the escort agency may only make a living like Sha Zilong, the boxer in "The Broken Soul Gun", relying on playing guns and performing skills in temple fairs.
In thousands of years of Chinese history, the existence of escort agencies has only been around three hundred years. On the one hand, the escort agency that is trustworthy and principled has disappeared and has become the last masterpiece in the martial arts world; on the other hand, there are cases of technology for industry reforms that are common, and changes are happening every moment.
is far away, and the escort agency industry has disappeared for nearly a hundred years. The years have passed. The innovation of technology has made the times move and turn
from escort agency, to bill number, to modern bank
from silver dollars, to silver notes, to modern currency
from cash payment, to card payment, to APP payment
finally reached the era of paying without opening the APP!
Once the bodyguard escort escort
Relying on full strength and a sense of pride
Today, paying for orders and checking out
Relying on double-clicking the power button to realize payment black technology
Once the bodyguard didn't take action easily
Today...
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