In the 18th year of Shunzhi (1661) Guo's master Zheng Chenggong was preparing to set sailors to expel the Dutch who occupied Taiwan.
On the day of the oath, the Minister of War Zhang Huangyan posted "Letter to the King of Yanping", accusing Zheng Chenggong of going to the island of the essence of abandoning the cause of restoring the Ming Dynasty and forming a small Zheng court.
Zhang Huangyan said bluntly: "Your Majesty, you are following the example of the prescriptions of Qin Shihuang who went out to sea to seek immortals and seek medicine for medicine Xu Fu , Lu Ao and others. Even if you can be safe for a while, you will definitely leave a stigma for the ages."
On the surface, Zhang Huangyan's words are sarcastic.
Because the Ming Ningjing King Zhu Shugui , Prince Lu Zhu Huan, etc. Nanming royal family, Zheng Chenggong's army is still under the banner of the Ming Dynasty, how can Xu Fu, Lu Ao and others be compared with it?
But Zhang Huangyan still made a prediction: "Even if you own Taiwan, you will be a career regression, so you should focus on restoring the Ming Dynasty, and he will have other plans!"
This prediction was later confirmed.
Indeed, driving the army to drive the lotus is a major event in China on the Taiwan issue in the past three hundred years. With the feat of regaining Taiwan, Zheng Chenggong jumped to become the first hero of the same period, which had a profound impact on the development prospect of Taiwan, China's territory since ancient times.
But when Zheng got Taiwan, he fell into a state of self-satisfaction. They regarded Taiwan as the property of Zheng's family and focused on building the "small Zheng's court."
In this way, with the consolidation of the Qing Dynasty regime, Taiwan was inevitably taken into the unified territory. On the 28th day of the first lunar month of the 20th year of Kangxi (1684), Zheng Jing, the second-generation leader of the Zheng regime in Taiwan, died of illness, and his eldest son, Zheng Kezang, succeeded to the throne. However, just two days later, the guard Feng Xifan strangled Zheng Kezang and supported his son-in-law, Zheng Jing's second son, and twelve-year-old Zheng Kezhan .
This matter is known in history as the "Dongning Incident".
Taiwan has since entered Feng Xifan's track.
Feng Xifan launched an inhumane purge. Taiwan Island was covered with bloody storms. Many officials who were once close ministers of Zheng Kezang were killed, and internal wear and tear down and suffered heavy losses.
The news of the Taiwan Zheng Group coup was discovered by the Governor of Fujian, Qing Dynasty, Yao Qisheng, .
Yao Qisheng wrote a letter to Emperor Kangxi on May 19: "The rebel traitor Zheng Jing has returned to heaven, his eldest son Zheng Kezang was hanged, and the pseudo-guard Feng Xifanli's son-in-law Zheng Kezhan came to preside over the crisis in Taiwan. This is a sign that God wants to destroy this group of pirates."
Therefore, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty made the decision to "encourage Taiwan".
Qing government has been unable to attack Taiwan before, and the biggest obstacle is the naval problem.
Starting from the 16th year of the Kangxi reign (1677), the Qing government adopted the policy of "renamed fields" to fully develop agriculture and increase national income.
With the improvement of economic strength, the Qing government restored the establishment of the Fujian Navy and set up shipyards in Lianyungang, Jiangsu, Dengzhou , Guangdong Huizhou and other places to imitate the Zheng Navy in the Ming Dynasty and manufacture large warships.
Now, the Qing Dynasty began to deploy, ordering large warships from all over the country to gather on the coast of Fujian for supply and transportation, and he was appointed as the admiral of the Fujian Navy.
Shi Lang, whose courtesy name is Zhuogong, was from Jinjiang, Fujian. This person is a complete "three-family slave". He frequently changes his masters throughout his life and constantly changes his political stance. He was originally a spy general under the command of Zheng Zhilong . Because he was depressed and unsuccessful, he took the initiative to leave the Zheng Zhilong army and followed the famous minister Huang Daozhou in the north to fight. During the Northern Expedition, I felt that the prospects were bleak and became a deserter. The Qing army Li Chengdong entered Fuzhou, and Shi Lang joined Li Chengdong's command and conquered Guangdong. Li Chengdong later announced the "anti-Qing and restoring the Ming Dynasty", and Shi Lang also returned to the embrace of Nanming and became Zheng Chenggong's subordinate. Later, because of disobeying Zheng Chenggong's order, Shi Lang surrendered to the Qing Dynasty again. In anger, Zheng Chenggong killed Shi Lang's father and brother. From then on, Shi Lang formed a mortal feud with the Zheng group.
Shi Lang was originally a general of Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Chenggong. He knew the Zheng regime well and hated the Zheng family for killing his father and brother. Kangxi appointed him as the admiral of the navy, which was known to others and was well-behaved.
However, Shi Lang and Yao Qisheng had serious differences in their military strategy.
Shi Lang reported to Emperor Kangxi in "Minister of the Secret Chen Zhengzheng": "As long as the summer solstice is reached, the south wind can advance in large numbers and set off from Tongshan. At that time, when the wind is sitting on the waves, the ships can advance in unison, and the soldiers are not at all dizzy. It can be said that the time, place, and people are all in one go."
, and Yao Qisheng clearly put forward the opinion of riding on the north wind in the "To follow the orders and the matters", saying that "it is better to wait until early October to advance in the north wind in early winter." He believed that riding on the north wind "must take Penghu."
In other words, Shi Lang advocates marching on the south wind, but Yao Qisheng's claim is the northeast wind.
There is a geography issue here: if you march by the northeast wind, you need to send troops in October, and if you ride in the south wind, you need to send troops in the summer.
Yao Qisheng believes that the south wind is weak and the ships are moving slowly, which is not conducive to maritime combat.
The war situation is changing rapidly. On the battlefield, the coach must have absolute command and decision-making power. In addition, the command is unknown and it is difficult to gain prestige, and the generals under their command do not know whose command should be followed.
Therefore, Shi Lang made a bold request to Emperor Kangxi: to ask Emperor Kangxi to give him the power of "specialized expedition" without being controlled by anyone.
Kangxi was really a hero. He insisted on not using anyone and using someone without doubt. He agreed to Shi Lang's request and gave the military command to Shi Lang completely.
——Listen to you, but you must regain Taiwan as soon as possible.
Why did Shi Lang choose to attack in the South Wind Season?
The reason is that the northeast wind is strong and the south wind is gentle. If you ride the northeast wind, the ship will be fast and the impact will be severe. On the surface, pacifying Taiwan is to fight a naval battle, but in fact, it is to fight a tough battle. When the fleet attacks the tough situation, it will easily be blown away when it encounters the rapid northeast wind, and then it will become a living target for others. The south wind is stable, and even if the attack is set, it can be arranged calmly and attack steadily. Shi Lang has already decided to draw the route of the
platform: take Penghu and log in from Penghu.
In April of the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1683), Shi Lang selected 20,000 water and land officers and soldiers, and only waited for "the southern wind of the summer solstice" to "go forward and make a nest."
The one who guarded the Taiwan coastal defense fortress Penghu was the Liu Guoxuan , which was named "Wupinghou".
Liu Guoxuan, whose courtesy name is tourist, was from Changting, and was wise and strategic. He participated in the battles of Zheng Chenggong's besiege of Nanjing and regaining Taiwan, and made many military achievements.
In Penghu, Liu Guoxuan drew commissions to expand his military strength and changed foreign ships to warships. All the private ships of civil and military officials were also repaired. He mobilized large and small gunships, bird ships, rushing ships, foreign ships, and double sailing ships to Penghu, totaling more than 200, and the number of guards in Penghu increased to 20,000.
In addition, Liu Guoxuan also built a cannon city, including two more buildings above and below the head of Niangma Palace, one at the tail of the Fengkou, one at Sijiao Mountain and one at Jilong Mountain. The built turrets are even more scattered. Wherever small boats can land along the coast, the buildings are blocked by high walls, the eyes are opened inside the wall, and muskets are placed in the eyes, which last more than twenty miles long.
Liu Guoxuan’s defensive thinking is: those who are long-distance bombarded with turrets, those who are close-distance shooting with waist guns, and double firepower blocks the invaders.
Penghu is full of forts, with neat warships and strict defense.
Liu Guoxuan is confident that he can annihilate all invading enemies outside the coastline.
I heard that Shi Lang was sharpening his knife and was about to enter Taiwan in large quantities. Zheng Jun was discussing the whole country and was speculating on the date of Shi Lang's action.
In response to this, Liu Guoxuan smiled slightly and said confidently: "In June, the sea turmoil is uncertain and unpredictable. Shi Lang is a familiar sea responsibilities. How could he choose to send troops within this time? Don't make any guesses, he is just bluffing."
Liu Guoxuan's blind optimism made Zheng Jun enter a passive situation in advance in the next battle of Penghu.
In June of the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1683), Shi Lang and others came to Nanfeng and led 20,000 Qing troops and took 630 warships to set off for war.
Most of the generals of the navy under Shi Lang are descendants of the older generation of Zheng family. For example, Chen Mang, Dong Yi and others who made many contributions in the subsequent battles, and their fathers were mostly generals of the Zheng family's navy.
In terms of equipment, this navy can be regarded as an unprecedentedly powerful fleet in Chinese history. Its warships also imitate European warships and have strong firepower. Among them, the large gunship fleet, headed by Shi Lang, has 56 gunships, and each warship has more than fifty guns.
Shi Lang is determined to win.
In fact, since the Qing Dynasty, Shi Lang's life has not been easy, and he has always lived in the jealousy and rolled his eyes of the Qing court.
In order to stand up, Shi Lang regards this Eastern Expedition as a bet to turn things around.
He ordered: the generals on the wind tent of each large warship are written in order to watch, and to know the order of advance and retreat, and to reward and punish them separately.
At the 15th day of June, the Qing army fleet appeared near Bazhang Island, the main gate of Penghu.
Zheng Jun patrol ship was shocked and reported to Liu Guoxuan.
The sudden appearance of the Qing army was beyond Liu Guoxuan's expectations. When he heard the news, he couldn't help but feel a little busy.
Xuanyi Zuo Town Qiu Hui was quite like a general. He was not surprised when he heard about it. He said, "The enemy ships had just arrived, but they had not found a port to berth. The morale of the military has not yet stabilized. I am willing to lead ten boats and fight with Zuohu Zhenjiang Sheng General!"
Jianweizhong Town Huang Liangji also raised his hand to support Qiu Hui, saying, "Xuanyi Zuo Town Qiu Hui's idea is completely consistent with the military book 'take the first move, attack halfway through'."
However, Liu Guoxuan felt that choosing to attack at this time, although there is a chance of winning, it is also extremely risky.
First of all, judging from the report of the patrol soldiers, the enemy appeared near Bazhang Island, Nanmen, Penghu, but have the enemy already arrived in other places where no detectives have arrived? In a word, the enemy's reality and reality are unknown. If you attack, you may be able to make dumplings on the way to attack.
Secondly, when the enemy attacks, they must have been in full swing, and strive to achieve their contributions in one battle. Taiwan will face an unprecedented decisive battle. If there is a slight decline in the first battle, it will inevitably affect the overall situation.
Furthermore, in order to annihilate the enemy from outside the national gate, Zheng Jun has spent a lot of money to build a solid defensive system. Taking the initiative to attack means actively giving up his position advantage and taking risks to compete with the enemy between the sea.
thought about it over and over again, Liu Guoxuan replied slowly: "Our defense system is airtight, the fortresses are heavily guarded everywhere, it is impossible for enemy ships to approach us, and they cannot find a harbor to berth? It is June typhoon season. Once the typhoon comes, they don't even have a place to die. Where are they afraid that they will come? As long as I keep my troops still, I can wait for my work and I will be able to win the merits without fighting. Dear generals, don't say it."
Qiu Hui shouted a pity.
In the evening, Qiu Hui was unwilling to lose the opportunity to attack the Qing army in vain, and asked again: "When the sea is in a retreat tonight, the enemy ships will definitely float. As long as our army launches a rapid attack, they can be beaten to the point where they cannot find the north and cannot spy on the situation of our army!"
Liu Guoxuan's intention of "waiting for work with freedom" has been decided, and he cannot change it. He smiled and said, "General Qiu is really a brave general in the world, and he will do his best to serve the country! But I have made a conclusion, so don't act rashly. Besides, Shi Lang is just a vain person! It is June typhoon season, and typhoons may occur every day. I don't dare to go to war with me!"
Liu Guoxuan misjudged the situation, so that Shi Lang easily moored his boat at the Eight-covered Water Oasis.
On June 16, Shi Lang led his troops to attack Penghu, and the last naval battle between the Ming and Qing dynasties began.
At noon, Shi Lang took the lead in launching the attack.
Liu Guoxuan rode on the sea like flying, quickly arrived in front of Niangma Palace, and supervised the towns to meet the enemy.
Lin Sheng, Jiang Sheng, Qiu Hui, Zeng Rui, Wang Shun, Chen Qiming, Yang Wenbing and others arranged the ships, warships and rushing ships to attack.
The battle was extremely fierce and lasted for six hours.
The defensive system built by Liu Guoxuan has played its full role.
The Zheng army relied on the island fort to bombard the Qing army, and then surrounded the fleet on the flanks. The Qing army suffered heavy casualties and was almost encircled and annihilated.
In critical moments, Shi Lang personally supervised the warships to counterattack the enemy's formation, attacked Wu Ying from Xinghua Town, and finally forcibly tore the encirclement apart.
But Nanfeng did not help Shi Lang.
When he led the boat to break through, the boat was pulled down by the rapids and encountered the south wind. Zheng Jun Lin Sheng led Yao Chaoyu, Qianfeng Town, Chen Kan, and Chen Shiyu, Rongqi Town, and Lin Shun, Shi Ting, Hong Bangzhu and other ships to fire at Shi Lang's ship. When Feng Ling saw that the situation was critical, she shouted urgently, "Master!" Shi Lang recalled in shock that Feng Ling had been penetrated by the cannon and fell to the ground. Shi Lang was dumbfounded, his face was as white as white paper, and suddenly another cannon was brushing by, and the rest of the flames caught Shi Lang's hair on his cheeks. Shi Lang screamed strangely and turned over and fell on the side of the ship.
Shi Lang's son Shi Shiji, Shi Shipiao , Shi Shiyi, clan uncle Shi Fang, brother Shi Chaoxun, nephew Shi Shizhong, Shi Shixiang and others were all shocked and surrounded him like crazy to observe the injuries.
Shi Lang touched his face and shouted, "It's nothing! It's just that he was burned by the flames." He forced his command.
Qingqian Extraction Bureau's Right Battalion guerrilla Lanli Seeing Shi Lang's ship trapped from a distance, he urgently commanded his warship to rush through the waves and shouted, "General, don't worry! Lanli is here!"
This Lanli rushed forward, completely desperate for life. He first sank Zheng General Chen Kan's ship, and then cracked Chen Sheng's ship of the admiral vanguard battalion in Zheng's army.
While Chen Sheng's soldiers were busy repairing the ship, Lan Li supervised the crowd to throw a fire pot and burned Chen Sheng's ship.
Shi Lang hit the oar slightly with Lan Li's response.
Where is Zheng Jiang Lin Sheng willing to let Shi Lang escape easily? Wave all the ships and chase them.
Lanli returns to the ship to resist.
Zheng Jun fired a cannon gun.
Blue Li Zhong cannon, covers the body, burns the armor and abdomen, falls, and the flesh cracks and sees the intestines.
Even so, Lan Li was still fierce. He pushed away the general's rescue and ordered his younger brother Lan Yao to say, "Super the ship quickly! Don't miss a big deal because of me alone!"
After taking medicine and applying it to the belly and cracking the flag, Lan Li stood up in his armor and shouted, "Today, you must not fight timidly! Lan vowed not to teach the thief to survive!"
, under the inspiration of Lan Li, the Qing army fought back with all his life.
Lin Sheng was shot three arrows and two guns, but he never retreated.
The Qianzong Tourist Boat of the Qing Jinmen Town Qianmen Town rushed to the wind and fired several shots at Lin Sheng. Zheng Jun died and injured many times. Lin Sheng was hit by the shells on his left leg and fell to the sky.
At this point, the Qing army finally broke through the encirclement and retreated in a hurry.
is in service, and more than 2,000 people were killed in the Qing army and 15 warships were slaughtered. Shi Lang's right eye was also injured by a "gun".
Watching Shi Lang escape in a panic, Jiang Sheng and Qiu Hui were inexplicably excited and wanted to take advantage of the victory to pursue him. Liu Guoxuan was worried about the Qing army ambushing and retreating his troops.
Qiu Hui asked Liu Guoxuan, "We are trying to catch up, why did I stop the army by Mingjin?"
Liu Guoxuan said, "There are many ships in the enemy. If there are other enemy ships in the vain, wouldn't you make a mistake and backfire? So I stop the army by Mingjin."
Qiu Hui was still in full swing and was still not satisfied. He asked for instructions: "The enemy has been defeated and fled, and the morale of the army will be weak. Qiu Hui and General Zuohu Zhenjiang Sheng supervised ten ship divisions tonight, heading straight to Maoyu, Huayu, and Baqiao to attack, and defeat the enemy in one fell swoop."
After listening to Qiu Hui's suggestion, Liu Guoxuan was moved, but in the end he felt that the risk factor was too high. In order to be invincible, he refused calmly. , said: "Today, the enemy's spirit has been greatly reduced, and there is no need to chase. As long as the fortresses are strictly guarded, you can wait for your work! In addition, the enemy is like a hostage. The water is shallow and there is no place to shelter from the wind. Once the typhoon comes, they will have nowhere to settle down!"
Qiu Hui disagreed with Liu Guoxuan's unreliable idea of expecting the shallow water and wind, and continued to ask for battle, saying: "The military book says: 'Half of the crossing can be attacked, the establishment of the camp can be attacked, and the establishment of the camp can be attacked, and the operation can be attacked.' Now both belong to the half-way, and the establishment of the camp is not determined and the interior is empty. These three things are taboo. If our army does not take advantage of the situation and the typhoon does not come, and wait for the enemy to stand firm and fight to the death with all his might, it will be difficult to deal with."
In order to be cautious, Liu Guoxuan shook his head and said, "The proverb says: 'There are thirty-six kinds of typhoons on June 30th. Today is June 16th, tomorrow is July 17th, and the day after tomorrow is eighteenth. These two days are the dates of typhoons "Guanyin Hurricane" and "Washing the Steamer Hurricane". How could there be no Tai'an Wind? General Qiu will temporarily accumulate energy, guard the pass, and wait for the enemy to be defeated. "
In fact, thanks to Liu Guoxuan's persistence, otherwise Qiu Hui's body would have disappeared.
Because, that night, after the Qing army moored at Xiyutou (outside the sea south of the west island), Shi Lang ordered the soldiers not to take off their clothes and armor, bow and string and cannon into the slaughter. He also arranged for the Qianzheng of Jinmen Town Zuoying to take a tour of the No. 1 Pioneer Dahuo boat to guard the middle road; the guerrilla Xu Ying of Haitan Town Zhongying was appointed to guard the No. 3 Dahuo boat to guard the left side road; the right side road road Qiancheng Lin Feng of Tong'an Camp was appointed to guard the No. 3 Dahuo boat to guard the right side road road road road, to prevent Liu Guoxuan from attacking by tide at night.
If Qiu Hui and others ventured to chase after him, the consequences would be unimaginable.
From 21st, both sides were in Penghu Islands fight against each other, and win and lose each other.
Although the war situation is intertwined, the balance of victory is obviously biased towards the Zheng army.
After all, Penghu has a wide range of barriers under Liu Guoxuan's painstaking management. It is very difficult for the Qing army to break through Penghu. Once the situation is stalemate, waiting for Ming Zheng reinforcements to arrive on the island of Taiwan, Shi Lang's attack on the Taiwan Army is likely to fall into a desperate situation of being attacked from both sides.
When Liu Guoxuan learned that the Qing army moved to Baqiao Island, he was even more calm and composed, and said to the generals: "Everyone in the world says Shi Lang is familiar with naval battles. It's ridiculous. He even knows nothing about the most basic time and place! The generals could just drink and wait for them to sit and watch their defeat. "
Baomao Island lacks fresh water, and there are many typhoons in Penghu in June.
Penghu locals have a proverb: "On the sixth day of June, General Cui. Twelve, Peng Zuhu, Peng Zumo. Eighteen, Hurricane Peng. Nineteen, Guanyin Hurricane. Twenty-three, Xiaoyi Hurricane. Twenty-four, wash the steamer, or wash the cooking cage, and hurricane; Thunder Horn, Thunder Horn, Thunder Horn. Twenty-six, Erlang Shen Hurricane. Twenty-eight, the Great Yi hurricane. Twenty-nine, Prime Minister Wen Hurricane. "
It would be strange if the Qing army did not die under the double attack of typhoon and water shortage.
But, strange things happened.
The heaven seemed to be on the side of the Qing army.
"Minhai Minutes" record: "Taiwan has been drought and famine for nearly three years; on May 28th of that year, heavy rain suddenly fell, and it continued for days. By the sixth day of June, it was clear, and the water of the mountain streams overflowed the valley. "The Baqiao area has few wells and springs, and the fresh water that is usually raised is not enough to supply ten people; because of heavy rain, the spring water is everywhere, and Shi Lang's army is inexhaustible. "
But the typhoon that Liu Guoxuan was looking forward to had not come yet.
On the 22nd, Shi Lang followed the advice of his general Wu Ying and prepared to advance with the three-stack wave formation first, and then turned into the Five Plum Blossom Formation when fighting.
After careful preparation, Shi Lang divided the Qing army into four routes, and personally led 56 giant gunships to attack the Nianggong Temple, the main position of Liu Guoxuan. General Chen Mang led 50 warships to attack Keelung Island from the flanks and restrain Liu Guoxuan's defense. The Western Army led by Dong Yi landed on Niuxinwan and attacked the Mingzheng army of the West Road. The remaining warships followed Shi Lang as support.
Seeing the deployment of the Qing army, Liu Guoxuan was unwilling to fall into the situation of being divided and beaten, and led the navy to take the initiative.
For To ensure victory, Liu Guoxuan sent the ace battleship that powered the East Asian oceans in Zheng Jing era - Bird Ship. This kind of giant with hundreds of cannons and a giant with three thousand kilograms of cannons is far stronger than the main battleships of the Qing army.
Liu Guoxuan felt that as long as he could surround Shi Lang like last time, with the advantage of Ming Zheng's naval division, the Qing army could be annihilated.
However, as soon as he fought, Liu Guoxuan found that he was wrong. Although Shi Lang's gun ship was much smaller than the bird ship, he formed a plum blossom formation with five as a pair, surrounding his bird ship formation.
all sides were full of howling shells, and the bulky giant bird ships were suddenly shrouded in the surrounding firepower. Not long after, bird ships were sinking.
Penghu Navy, it was finished.
The officers and soldiers of the Ming Zheng Shui Division watched helplessly as their ships were surrounded, divided, and then sank one by one in the dense fire net.
Penghu guards Qiu Hui, Zeng Rui, Wang De, Wu Fu and Wang Shou's warships were sunk one after another.
Under adversity, Liu Guoxuan launched his last attack, counterattacked the Qing army with a bomb rocket, and burned down many Qing army warships.
, who was red-eyed, took all the reserve teams, and all the eighty warships on standby on the outside were put into battle. He personally led the flagship to charge towards Liu Guoxuan.
For a moment, artillery fire, arrows and stones attacked each other, like raindrops, smoke and flames covered the sky, and it was hard to tell at a glance.
Liu Guoxuan, who was unable to support his strength, finally collapsed: his flagship was sunk, he himself took a small boat to pass the roar gate, and his fleet that fled was defeated on the entire line, and the warships were either destroyed or sunk...
The Penghu naval battle, which is the largest island offensive and defensive battle in ancient Chinese history, finally came to an end in the morning: the Qing army sunk 200 large and small warships of the Ming Zheng Navy, and annihilated 12,000 enemies. Liu Guoxuan only brought twenty-six warships to retreat to Taiwan Island .
This is a battle that made the Ming Zheng Navy lose all its wealth: the Ming Zheng Navy, which once proud of East Asia, has lost all its main force in this battle. The Zheng family's 21st rule on Taiwan Island has come to an end.
As Zhang Huangyan said in "The Book of King Yanping": "Those who do great things will have one mind with the masses, no one will not prosper, and no one will not perish with the masses."
It hurts! What a pity!
