Yang Hu "China Reading Newspaper" (June 16, 2021, 05th edition)
1920 Chen Duxiu sent a letter to police chief Wu Bingxiang (selected from "Chen Duxiu's Activity of Beijing (Peaceful) Party Organizations")
1916 Li Dazhao sent a friend Huo Lu Bai's letter to a friend (selected from "Lee Dazhao's Notes")
1924 Peking University submitted a letter to the Ministry of Education for consultation Ministry of Internal Affairs to arrest Li Dazhao's letter to cancel the letter (selected from "Chen Xuan) Party Organizations Activity of Beijing (Peaceful) Party Organizations")
Li Dazhao is a pioneer of the Chinese Communist movement, a great Marxist, and one of the main founders of the Communist Party of China. Recently, the "Chronicle of Li Dazhao" compiled by the author was published by Yunnan Education Press . Seeing that the manuscripts that I had spent a lot of effort and effort to compile became formal works, the author's joy was beyond words. But when I recalled the arduous process of editing, I was really moved! It is gratifying that this chronology has collected a large amount of historical materials about Li Dazhao, and has conducted research on Li Dazhao's revolutionary activities, thoughts and speeches and interpersonal communications to the best of his ability, and has achieved some new achievements. This article intends to give a brief introduction to the principles adhered to during the compilation process, the new discoveries made and the author's experience.
basics start with search for historical materials
Li Dazhao is a revolutionary, scholar, and also a social activist. The era he lived in was an era when new things such as modern Chinese newspapers, media, community societies, and new schools were germinated and gradually developed. Li Dazhao was the youth of the era for cultivating these new things, and was also an active participant, practitioner and pioneer. The revolutionary work he later engaged in was mostly underground secret activities under the historical conditions at that time. Therefore, when collecting historical materials extensively, I mainly focus on the following three directions:
First, based on Li Dazhao being a public figure living in modern China, first focusing on the collection and reading of newspaper materials.
In view of the fact that pioneering researchers have made more use of the Morning News, on this basis, I focus my reading focus on the two Beijing-Tianjin newspapers, "Beijing News" and " Takong ", and at the same time, it includes " Application for ", " Republic of China Daily ", etc. The newspapers and magazines such as "Yanzhi" (monthly), "Yanzhi Quarterly", "Jiayin Daily", "Constitutional Publication", " New Youth ", "Youth China", and "New Life" that Li Dazhao participated in the establishment, editing and writing, will be read through them. Through extensive review and key reading, a lot of new information was obtained. Here are examples:
On September 2, 1923, the Soviet government representative Galahan arrived in Beijing, which was a major event in political life at that time. The Morning News and the Beijing News reported the news that people from all walks of life in Beijing were welcomed at the station, but neither newspaper mentioned whether Li Dazhao participated in the welcome event. I found a clear report in the Ta Kung Pao on September 3: "At 10:15 am yesterday afternoon, the Soviet representative Galahan arrived in Beijing from Feng." "Preparation of Sino-Russia negotiations, Wang Zhengting, , and Peking University Li Dazhao, director of Peking University Literature, were all welcomed." ("The Grand Event of Welcome to Galahan Yesterday") This confirms that Li Dazhao participated in the event to welcome Galahan. For example, in June 1919, after Chen Duxiu was arrested for circulating the Beijing Citizen Declaration, Li Dazhao ran around to rescue him, but this matter was not recorded in newspapers in the northern region. Later, he changed his mind and specially consulted the " Current Affairs New News " and "Republic of China Daily" published in Shanghai. Sure enough, he found reports on Li Dazhao's rescue of Chen Duxiu in these two newspapers on June 23, 1919. ("The Great Skeleton of Chen Duxiu Case") In addition, there are historical events such as Wu Peifu, Wu Peifu, who intends to invite Li Dazhao to take office as the director of the Beiyang Government, Li Dazhao was nominated as one of the candidates for the president by a Beijing female normal university student, and Li Dazhao once gave a speech at an international university. These are all historical events that Li Dazhao has never mentioned in the past and has been figured out after I have tried my best to find out.
Second, considering Li Dazhao's employment at Peking University , he is committed to collecting relevant information from the diaries, letters and collections of his friends, colleagues and students at Peking University.
Several "Li Dazhao's Chronicles" published in the past mainly use the diaries of a few people such as Bai Jianwu , Hu Shi , Wu Yu , etc. I read and collected relevant records of Li Dazhao's teacher and friend on a larger scale, and thus found many historical materials that were unknown to the predecessors but not used. Here are two examples to illustrate:
Su Jiarong’s diary. Su Jiarong was a Peking University student and a member of the Youth China Society during the May Fourth period. He left behind a "Diary" and records about Li Dazhao, which were not known before. In the winter of 2000, I learned that I found a pile of old books and manuscripts that had not been sorted out from the attic of the old library, and I heard the news. After application, the library specifically allowed me to read this batch of newly discovered old materials in the curator's office. After careful search, I found two unsigned diary books, one of which actually recorded the situation on the May Fourth Movement in 1919. After discovering it, I couldn't wait to finish the diary. During the review process, not only did the owner of the diary be Su Jiarong, a student of Peking University, but he also discovered several precious records about Li Dazhao! At that time, the joy in my heart was indescribable. Then, I spent a week copying the important contents of the diary in the curator's office. I will quote a record about Li Dazhao from Su Jiarong's diary in 1919 to see its value:
8 August 16: At 10 a.m., Wang Guangqi went to at 10 o'clock in the morning, and came to the first day of high school. It is said that " Weekly Comments " has been banned because of Wang Jun's discussion on "Judicial Independence and Educational Independence". There was also a saying that he had arrested people, so Wang Jun decided to go to Changli Li Dazhao for a while. He went to Tianjin at 2:00 p.m., and the editor of the monthly magazine "Young China" was handed over to Yu. He asked his fellow villager Zhao Shiyan to help Yu. At night, Mr. Zhao came to talk.
The discovery of Su Jiarong’s diary has greatly increased my confidence in collecting and discovering new information about Li Dazhao. After this, I read the diaries, letters and collections of Hu Shi, Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren , Qian Xuantong , Cai Yuanpei, Wu Yu, Yang Changji, Liang Shuming , Gu Jiegang , Zhu Xizu, Bai Jianwu and others, and collected a lot of information about Li Dazhao.
Qian Xuantong’s diary. Li Dazhao and Qian Xuantong have little knowledge of their close relationship before. In recent years, it has attracted the attention of the academic community due to the publication of the photocopy and compilation of the manuscript of "Qian Xuantong's Diary".
On January 20, 1917, Li Dazhao's name appeared for the first time in Qian Xuantong's diary: "Duxiu visited Qing Huachun tonight, and the seats were Shen Yinmo, Gao Yihan, Li Dazhao, and Liu San ." ( Yang Tianshi, editor-in-chief of "Qian Xuantong's Diary" [Compiled by this] Volume 1) This may be Li and Qian's first acquaintance, but it should be noted that in the future, the five people (Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Qian Xuantong, Gao Yihan, Shen Yinmo) in the editorial board of "New Youth" often gathered together.
Li Dazhao was assisting Zhang Shizhao in editing the Jiayin Daily at that time, and at the end of the same year, he worked at Peking University . From then on, Qian Xuantong recorded Li Dazhao's words and deeds many times in his diary. For example, on January 12, 1918, it was recorded: "I went to university for two hours to class. Du Xiu came to use a draft of "New Youth", which was entitled "The True Meaning of Life", about 1,800 words, and was very well done. Also, Li Shouchang's draft of "Russian Revolution and Literature" can be used as the third." Li Dazhao's article was changed to the article "Russian Literature and Revolution" when it was published. The records of money provide us with a more accurate basis for judging the time when the article was written from the end of 1917 to the beginning of 1918. For example, on October 5, 1919, Qian Xuantong's Diary recorded a message: "At 3:00 pm, when he arrived at Hu Shi, Zhongfu asked a fan of "New Youth" to discuss the seven-volume method at Shizhi's house today, but the result was still written by Zhongfu alone. He had a night dinner at Shizhi's house." This was an important meeting for serious differences among fan of "New Youth" and Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, Li Dazhao, Qian Xuantong, Zhou Zuoren and others to discuss the editing of "New Youth". If Qian Xuantong did not have this record, the details of this matter may be difficult for us future generations to know. From these records in Qian Xuantong's diary, we have a concrete and in-depth understanding of Li Dazhao's thoughts, words and deeds and the aggregation and differentiation of fan-in-law in "New Youth".
In addition, the information about Li Dazhao in the collections, diaries and letters of Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Cai Yuanpei, Liang Shuming, Zhu Xizu and others is also very rich in content. This year's biography is collected, and will not be introduced due to space.
Third, starting from the secret characteristics of Li Dazhao's revolutionary activities, we strive to discover materials that were not paid attention to or ignored in the compilation of unpublished archives or archive materials.
I have successively checked the materials related to Li Dazhao collected by many archives such as Peking University Archives , Beijing Archives , and gained a lot. Only two precious historical materials are introduced here.
In early 1920, Li Dazhao escorted Chen Duxiu to flee Beijing, which is a well-written story in the history of Peking University and the history of the Communist Party of China. However, when this happened, the works of predecessors can only be roughly inferred, either in February 1920 or in the spring of 1920. I checked a file from the Beiyang Government Police Department and clearly stated: "At 1:00 p.m. on February 9, I saw Chen Duxiu taking an rickshaw out, and said he went to the back of the Salon Library to visit Hu Shi's house. He did not return that day. After several days of investigation, he did not go home." From this we can see that Chen Duxiu left his home on February 9. Combined with Hu Shi's diary on the same day, we can infer that Chen Duxiu left Beijing that day. According to a letter from Chen Duxiu after leaving Beijing and arrived in Shanghai, he said:
Jingtan Director Taijian:
is ready to receive the privileges in the summer. He is very impressed. He received a telegram from a friend here a few days ago and came to discuss the matters of Southwest University. He hurriedly started his journey. Before he could report to the department, he felt sorry for him. He hereby writes a special letter to make a reply, hoping to forgive him. After the matter, he will go back to Beijing and thank him again. Please give me a message to you. This means that Chen Duxiu has arrived in Shanghai on February 14 and has arranged his temporary life. Based on this, the matter of Li Dazhao escorting Chen Duxiu out of Beijing can be determined to be mid-February 1920.
Another example is the time when Li Dazhao met with Wigginsky, the first envoy of the Communist International, and the different reminiscensors have different opinions. How to judge? I read the compilation of archives about Communist International , and consulted relevant experts who studied the history of the Communist International and the early party of the Communist International. Finally, I found out from the intelligence archives collected by the British National Archives that Wigginsky arrived in Shanghai on April 6, 1920. Wigginsky went to Beijing first, and then went to Shanghai to meet Chen Duxiu after being introduced by Li Dazhao. In this way, it can be inferred that Li Dazhao met him in early April.
and above examples show that collecting archive materials about Li Dazhao cannot be limited to one corner, but must be widely collected from multiple aspects, various types, multiple perspectives, multiple regions and multiple languages in order to gain something and can fully, accurately and enrich the whole picture of Li Dazhao's revolutionary activities.
Multiple reference correction errors
In the process of writing this year's genealogy, we adhere to the principle of multi-party reference and strict examination. For historical events with sufficient historical materials, each historical material is summarized and entered into a summary according to their different types and sources to verify each other. At the same time, for various historical materials that have contradictions or are different or are inconsistent with Li Dazhao's life and thoughts, they will be strictly examined and carefully analyzed, and used the credible ones and discarded them, and on the basis of accurate and reliable historical materials, they will strive to reconstruct the historical facts of Li Dazhao's life and deeds.
first, refer to multiple parties to identify authenticity. Memories are originally the memories of the parties about the past. If they are real, then the introduction and narration of the parties who heard, saw and experienced by them will be of great value to reproduce the historical situation. However, due to the drastic changes in the political environment in modern China, in addition to inaccuracies or mistakes caused by the blurred memory of the parties involved, the recall materials also have fakes and forgery, which is particularly prominent in the recollection materials of some people about Li Dazhao. This year's genealogy uses multiple reference methods to eliminate false and retain the true as much as possible.
For example, forty years ago, a biography about Li Dazhao wrote: "Under this gallows, on the murderous stage, Comrade Dazhao delivered his last passionate speech, shouting "Long live the Communist Party of China!", which showed his greatest contempt for death and the reactionary, and his firm belief in the party and the cause of communism."He said, 'You can't hang the great communism just because you hang me today! We have cultivated many comrades, just like the seeds of safflower , scattered everywhere! We firmly believe that communism will surely achieve glorious victory in the world and in China! ’” (Biography of Li Dazhao, People's Publishing House 1979 edition) This biography depicts the glorious image of Li Dazhao before his death. Therefore, this statement has been widely circulated and has a huge impact, and is still talked about by some people today. However, the book does not indicate the basis of this statement and the source of historical materials. After searching, a similar description was found in the Biography of Mr. Li Dazhao published in August 1951. Such descriptions are basically inconsistent with the current known archives. Yes, in prison, Li Dazhao always regarded himself as a leftist in the Kuomintang and never admitted to being a Communist Party member ("Confession of Li Dazhao in Prison", "Beijing Archives Historical Materials" Issue 3, 1989). When Li Dazhao was executed, there were detailed reports on the Morning Post, World Journal, and Shen Bao, etc., but after reading these reports carefully, there was no such scene described in the book. It can be seen that although this description is very touching, there is no solid historical basis. Therefore, this year's bibliography is included in the "Authoritation" of this book. Not to recommend.
Second, review and correct mistakes. This year's genealogy not only refers to important events in Li Dazhao's life and deeds, but also strives to collect and verify them from many details, and supplement and correct things that were not clear or wrong in the past. Here are two types of situations:
uses a variety of historical materials to find out Li Dazhao's whereabouts. For example, when Li Dazhao entered Peking University, the academic community roughly believed that it was early 1918. However, I found that Li Dazhao was found in the photos of "Photography of the 20th Week Memorial Conference of Peking University collected by the National Peking University 20th Anniversary Book". According to the report of Peking University Daily on the 20th Anniversary of Peking University, this photo was taken on December 17, 1917. According to Gu Jiegang's "Hand to Ye Shengtao" on the same day, Zhang Shizhao, who was the director of the Peking University Library Department at that time, "has recently removed the director of the library, and it is easy to use Li Shouchang, and is also a reporter of the magazine "Jiayin". (Volume 1 of "Collected Letters of Gu Jiegang") Comprehensive these three materials. (Volume 1 of "Collected Letters of Gu Jiegang") You can determine the time when Li Dazhao joined Peking University as December 1917.
multiple parties to correct mistakes. This aspect is divided into two categories: one is self-correction, and the other is correcting others. During the compilation of this year, I found that the "Complete Works of Li Dazhao" he participated in is inconsistent with the new information, and all the corrective parts are corrected based on the new information. For example, in 1918, Li Dazhao sent Yuan Shouhe 8 letters, and the "Complete Works" (revised version) judged that the writing time was October 1918 ("To Yuan Shouhe", "Complete Works of Li Dazhao" [Revised Version] Volume 5). Based on the "Givea Books and Acknowledgements" published by Tsinghua Weekly published on April 4, 1918, "The library of this school is close to the inheritance... Mr. Li Shouchang, Director of Peking University Library, presented a volume of "China International Law" written by himself", the content is consistent with the content of the letter to Yuan Shouhe. Therefore, it is judged that Li Dazhao should give the book to Tsinghua Library shortly after he visited Tsinghua Library, that is, in late March, so he will The writing time of the letter was changed from October to late March. The examples given by
above seem to be a small time issue on the surface, but in fact they involve important whereabouts or events in Li Dazhao's life. This type of examination has clarified many historical facts about Li Dazhao in terms of details.
Chen Duxiu bowed February 14
Strengthen research and expand understanding
as a chronology, this book mainly contains rich collections. The main materials of the materials, objective description of Li Dazhao's life and deeds and the content of the poems and essays is the main focus, but it is not limited to this. Instead, on the basis of sorting out historical materials and identifying historical materials, absorbing new research results from the academic community, and combining my own understanding and research on Li Dazhao's life and career and ideological evolution, we conducted a detailed investigation and in-depth study of Li Dazhao's social interactions, revolutionary activities, ideological evolution, etc. We hope to expand and enrich our understanding of Li Dazhao's life and revolutionary activities, in order to promote Li Dazhao's research on some major issues or key points.The progress in this area mainly includes the following aspects:
first, strengthen the investigation of Li Dazhao's social interactions and interpersonal networks. Based on the actual situation of China's society, culture and history, this year's score focuses on the pursuit and investigation of Li Dazhao's teachers and friends, classmates, interpersonal and social activities circles, and also writes biography for Li Dazhao's teachers and friends who are less familiar with today, showing the tortuous nature of Li Dazhao's growth path and the extensiveness of interpersonal communication as much as possible.
Li Dazhao and Tang Hualong , Sun Hongyi . Li Dazhao grew from a peasant child and a patriotic young man to a leader of the Communist Party of China. This is inseparable from his personal ambition and pursuit of saving the country and the people, and from the creation of the times and the environment. However, it is also closely related to the support and help of seniors and teachers. On the road of growth of others, the two politicians Sun Hongyi and Tang Hualong were crucial to Li Dazhao's help. Sun Hongyi was one of the leaders of the Tianjin constitutional movement in the late Qing Dynasty. As early as 1909, Li Dazhao met Sun Hongyi and has followed him for a long time since then, and his knowledge, thoughts and talents have been trained and influenced. Sun Hongyi also admired Li Dazhao's talent and introduced him to Tang Hualong, who was then the president of the House of Representatives. Subsequently, the two jointly sponsored Li Dazhao to study in Japan.
The previous generations have studied the relationship between Li Dazhao, Tang and Sun, but it is still insufficient. There is even less direct material that reflects the relationship between Li and them. I found a manuscript by Li Dazhao's friend Huo Lubai. When talking about Tang Hualong's funding for Li
Dazhao's study abroad, he said: "You graduated from Tianjin Beiyang Law and Political School in the early years of the Republic of China. So because of Sun Gongbolan's introduction, he was able to pay Qishui Mr. Tang Jiwu. Qishui loves talent as his fate, thinks of you and are eager to learn, and do not admire glory and profit, but is poor and unable to survive. So he helped you to travel east to study academically and achieve his ambition." (Huo Lubai's "Inscription on the Letter of Martyr Li Dazhao") This manuscript was written before 1949. Unlike later influenced by the political environment, it was mentioned that Tang Hualong was based on criticism first, so he praised Tang Hualong for "love talent as his life". He admired Li Dazhao's "smartyr and loves learning, but does not admire glory and profit", so he "did help you travel east to study academically and achieve his ambition."
As we all know, Li Dazhao's study in Japan has a great influence on his growth and development and his choice of life. Tang Hualong and Sun Hongyi are two politicians who sponsor Li Dazhao's study in Japan. If Li Dazhao is a thousand-mile horse, then Tang and Sun are the real mentors! Therefore, in this year's diary, we also tried our best to include the deeds related to Tang and Sun and Li Dazhao, to reveal the tortuous, complex and difficult journey of Li Dazhao's life path and ideological evolution.
Li Dazhao and Huang Yanpei . Huang Yanpei is the founder of Chinese Vocational Education Society . In the process of compiling this year's biography, I was lucky enough to copy the manuscript of Huang Yanpei, which clearly recorded the relationship between the two: "I heard from the friends of Peking University in my early years, but I didn't see him. In 1922, a friend left and told me, and the Chinese Communists were unwilling to me. I didn't believe it very much, so I finally wrote a letter to Mr. Wang, who was willing to talk to him and welcome him again. He went to Beijing from Shanghai to interview Mr. Wang from early morning to almost noon. At that time, we advocated Vocational Education , detailing the ideals we embraced and the methods we adopted. , The ultimate goal is to make those who have jobs and those who have jobs enjoy their jobs. Mr. also informed him of his intentions and affairs in detail, which will make everyone stand up and organize a group of people to liberate all problems of the individual and the public. The conclusion is that the methods used by both parties are different, and the purpose is one. Happy to be apart. I will publish the article "The Last Fifty Years" for Shen Bao, and I will publish it. Mr. Mr. writes the stories of the European mass movement to write the revolutionary method he imagined." (copy of Huang Yanpei's manuscript) Huang Yanpei's memories provide typical examples for us to understand the breadth of Li Dazhao's social interactions.
Second, understand and understand Li Dazhao's revolutionary activities from multiple angles.The revolutionary work Li Dazhao was engaged in was not only a revolutionary cause to fight for the independence of the Chinese nation, but also a great cause to achieve complete liberation of the world's proletariat. The international nature of this revolution and the close contact between Chinese and foreign revolutionaries and their interactions are its distinctive characteristics. If you only look at Li Dazhao's revolutionary activities from a certain perspective or only look in isolation, you will ignore some extremely important aspects or historical facts. This book examines Li Dazhao and his revolutionary cause from the perspectives of the interaction between China and foreign revolutions and the specific environment in which Li Dazhao's revolutionary activities are located, enriching and expanding the understanding of Li Dazhao's revolutionary activities. Let me give you two understandings:
behind the scenes of the Communist International. The relationship between the Chinese revolution and the Communist International, including the relationship between Li Dazhao and the Communist International, is a topic that Li Dazhao must face and deal with. In the past, due to conditions, this aspect was always in a difficult situation. The decryption and publication of Soviet archives provide us with a lot of material for studying this issue. These archival materials show that in many early activities of the Communist Party of China, there were help from the Communist International or the Soviet Union. Even activities that seemed to have nothing to do with the Soviet Union were actually guided by the representatives sent by the Soviet Union to China through the Communist International. The non-Christian movement in 1922 is a typical example of this.
As we all know, in early March 1922, in order to oppose the 11th Congress of the World Christian Students League was held at Tsinghua School, some young students in Shanghai established the "Shanghai Non-Christian Students League" and Peking University students established the "Non-Religious Alliance". Students from all over the country responded. On April 4, Li Dazhao and 12 people including Wang Xinggong, Wu Yu, Li Shizeng, Deng Zhongxia, Xiao Zisheng, etc. published the "Declaration of the Non-Religious Persons". From Wu Yu's "Diary" on April 1, 1922, we learned that the declaration was "Manuscript of Li Shouchang" (Volume 2 of "Diary of Wu Yu"). From this we can infer that Li Dazhao is closely related to this movement.
And the materials in the Soviet archives show that the non-Christian movement is a political movement organized and led by the Communist Party of China and the Communist Youth League, and Li Dazhao actually played an important guiding role. According to a report by the Communist International staff member Li Jin to the Far East of the Executive Committee of the International Committee on May 20, 1922: "On the surface, the non-Christian movement is a movement carried out by young students." In fact, "the general command of the movement has been in the hands of the Central Bureau of the Communist Party from the first day, and it successfully controlled the entire movement through the Youth League." The report also said: In terms of organization, "the basic power of the movement is indeed our communist group and the socialist youth league. The non-Christian alliance is just a legal shield, allowing us to carry out publicity activities openly and extensively." ("Communist International, the United Communist Party [Broadcom] and the Chinese Revolutionary Archives and Materials Series" Volume 1)
There are many such cases, which reminds us that we should pay attention to the interaction between China and foreign revolutions in the modern Chinese revolution and understand it from a new perspective.
Peking University covers Li Dazhao's revolutionary activities. Since February 1920, Li Dazhao has been monitored by the Beiyang government's spies, and was later wanted by the Beiyang government several times, but until his death, Li Dazhao's legal identity has always been a professor at Peking University. Facing the wanted order, Li Dazhao always escaped danger. The main reason for this is that Peking University covers his revolutionary activities. Let me give you just one example:
On May 20, 1924, after Zhang Guotao, the head of the Beijing Party organization of the Communist Party of China, was arrested, the Beiyang government also ordered the wanted and arrest of Li Dazhao. Li Dazhao first went to Wufeng Mountain in Changli to take refuge, and then went to the Soviet Union to attend the Fifth Congress of the Communist International, temporarily out of danger. The Peking University Parliament held a special discussion on the wanted order of the Beiyang government at the meeting on June 4 of the same year. The result of the discussion by the judges was that the resolution was to "resolutely send a draft letter to the Ministry of Education for questioning" and asked the government to cancel the wanted order. On August 7 of the same year, Peking University officially wrote to the Ministry of Education, requesting the cancellation of the wanted Li Dazhao Ling.In view of the loud protests against the Beiyang government's wanted order, the letter is excerpted as follows:
Revealed: According to the letter of the school's review committee, recently published, the Ministry of Internal Affairs reported that the Labor Party case was related to Professor Li Dazhao of our school, and the industry clearly ordered the wanted order. ...After reading it, I was very surprised. Professor Li Dazhao, who is engaged in our school, is quite stable, which makes people make some suggestions on speeches or works. However, universities are the place for lectures and study various theories, which is actually the responsibility of university professors, and they cannot be ordered to be wanted immediately. It is related to the future of the country's academic career. For this purpose, the principal will write a letter to the Ministry of Education Consulting Department of the Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Education, requesting the order to cancel the wanted Li Dazhao quickly to maintain academic research. ...I am sure to go to the Ministry of Education.
National Peking University
August 13th year of the Republic of China
("To the Ministry of Education, please consult the Ministry of Internal Affairs to arrest Professor Li Dazhao for clear order to cancel the matter")
In addition, in 1920, 1923 and 1925, the Beiyang government issued a secret telegram ordering banning the revolutionary activities organized by Li Dazhao at Peking University, but these orders were covered by Peking University and finally cancelled invisibly. Peking University’s protection of Li Dazhao and its cover for his revolutionary activities truly reflect the spirit of Lu Xun’s saying “Peking University is always new” and “Peking University is often fighting against dark forces”. This year’s genealogy also fully explores and reveals some of Peking University’s actions and historical facts in this regard.
The above is a brief introduction to the principles, efforts, content and characteristics I have followed in writing this year's bibliography. During the compilation of the chronology, I often discuss some difficult issues with my master Mr. Liu Guisheng. I remember that in a conversation, regarding the labeling and programming discourse and research that existed in Li Dazhao's previous research, Master Liu said: "Your chronology must make Li Dazhao live and stand up." Now that the manuscript has been completed, I know that it has not met Master Liu's requirement, but "even if I can't come, I yearn for it." I would like to record Master Liu's words as my goal for future efforts!
Source: Guangming.com-"China Reading Newspaper"
