On May 19, World Health Organization (WHO) officially included the recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine of CanSino Biologics on the Emergency Use Listing (EUL). This is the only single-dose new crown vaccine for in the new crown vaccine in my country. is also the only Chinese new crown vaccine that adopts the third-generation technology route among the WHO's emergency use list.
Previously, Sinopharm 's COVID-19 and Sinovac's CoronaVac were successively included in the emergency use list. At present, these two vaccines have been approved for use in 91 and 55 countries respectively, second only to Pfizer , Moderna and EU AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines.
Domestic vaccines have effective efficiency reaching the world's advanced standard
So, how effective are domestic vaccines?
On April 8 this year, the "China Center for Disease Control and Prevention Weekly" (CCDC Weekly) published a study that analyzed the protective effects of inactivated , adenovirus vaccine and recombinant subunit vaccine against delta strains and Omickron strains.
study found that in delta cases aged 3-17, 18-59, and ≥60 years old and fully vaccinated, the risk of pneumonia was 58%, 51%, and 66%, respectively, compared with those who were not vaccinated in the same age group. , and among the delta cases aged 18-59, ≥60 and fully vaccinated, the risk of severe illness was reduced by 83% and 69%, respectively. Among the cases infected with Omickron , elderly people ≥60 years old who received completely vaccinated for 2 doses of vaccines had a 72% lower risk of pneumonia than those who had not received the vaccine.
During the fifth wave of the epidemic in Hong Kong this year, Li Ka-shing School of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong released a research data called "Foresight Plan for the Fifth Wave of the Epidemic in Hong Kong", showing that for the elderly aged 60 and above, the effectiveness of vaccination with three doses of Sinovac vaccine or the Fubitai vaccine to prevent severe illness and death is more than 90%. Specifically, among key groups aged 60 and above, after completing the three-dose vaccination, the effective efficiency of Sinovac vaccine to prevent severe illness was 97.9%, while the effective efficiency of Foxetine vaccine to prevent severe illness was 98%; the efficiency of Sinovac vaccine and Foxetine vaccine to prevent death reached 98.3% and 98.1% respectively.
study also shows that for people aged 60 and above, when is vaccinated with two shots of vaccine, the efficiency of Sinovac vaccine and Fubitai vaccine to prevent severe diseases is 72.2% and 89.6% respectively; the efficiency of to prevent death is 77.4% and 92.3%, respectively.
And earlier during the Delta epidemic, the Argentine Ministry of Health announced that in January-June 2021, the country's two doses of Chinese biological vaccines received from were 84%, of which 80.2% for those aged 60-69, 88.3% for those aged 70-79, and 77.6% for those aged 80-70-79.
As for CanSino 's g Wisa, at the end of 2021, "The Lancet" released the final effective and interim safety analysis results of global multi-center phase clinical trials. data shows that after 14 days of vaccination, the critical care protection rate was 96.0%, and the overall protection rate was 63.7%. met the World Health Organization's recommended protection rate standard for the new crown vaccine, and no serious adverse reactions related to the vaccine occurred.
third-generation vaccine competition is hot compared with inactivated vaccines, the vaccine produced by CanSino is a type 5 adenovirus vector vaccine, and technically, it belongs to the third-generation technology route of the new crown vaccine.
is different from the first generation live attenuated vaccine, inactivated vaccine and the second generation of protein recombinant vaccine. The third generation of vaccine refers to viral vector vaccines (replicative, non-replicative) and nucleic acid vaccines (DNA and mRNA) that directly express antigen directly with genetic material. It can fully mobilize the immune system to stimulate cells to immunize . The immune process will cause fever (mostly seen in young people with more active immune systems). At the same time, the induced immune response is also more comprehensive, and the lasting immune memory produced can provide fast and efficient protection when the virus invades.
The third generation vaccine is also the direction of future vaccines.In the compilation list of COVID-19 candidate vaccines updated by WHO every week, as of May 20, there were 157 candidate vaccines for , including 48 in , 13 in the second phase trial stage, 36 in the third phase trial stage, and the others are still in the 1/2 and 2/3 phase trial stages. Among the new generation of candidate vaccines entering clinical trials, there are 72 models of that adopt the third-generation vaccine technology route, accounting for about 46%. Among them, has the largest number of RNA vaccines, with a total of 31 models, accounting for about 20%; there are 21 non-replicative virus vector vaccines, accounting for about 13%; there are 16 DNA vaccines, accounting for about 10%; there are 4 replicative virus vector vaccines, accounting for about 3%.
The administration methods of these candidate vaccines are also innovating. Among the candidate vaccines that have entered the first to third phases of clinical clinical trials, has various administration methods such as intranasal, oral, and inhalation. These dosing methods can avoid adverse reactions such as acupuncture pain caused by intramuscular injections, and reduce the risk of acupuncture by vaccination doctors.
CanSino has also innovated the administration method of the new crown vaccine CVESSA. is the first in the world to create aerosolized inhalation administration method. only requires 1/5 of the intramuscular injection dose. Compared with intramuscular injection method, in addition to inducing humoral immunity to and cellular immunity, it can also induce mucosal immunity to , achieving the effect of triple protection.
new vaccines are constantly advancing. Among the 20 candidate vaccines in my country that have entered the clinical experimental stage of WHO candidate
, , and 20 vaccines have been developed by my country.
Among them, 6 vaccines have entered phase I of clinical trials, and accounts for about 13% of all vaccines entering phase I of clinical trials; 4 have entered phase II of clinical trials, and accounts for about 31% of all vaccines entering phase II of clinical trials; 10 have entered phase III of clinical trials, and accounts for about 28% of all vaccines entering phase III of clinical trials.
From the perspective of vaccine types, protein subunit vaccine is the largest vaccine type among candidate vaccines, with a total of 9. However, the research and development rate of my country's third-generation vaccines is also gradually increasing. Among the candidate vaccines, there are 4 RNA vaccines, 2 DNA vaccines, and 1 each of replicate viral vector vaccine + antigen presenting cell and replicate viral vector vaccine.
The Omickron vaccine developed by my country has entered clinical trials
The global vaccine competition is also upgrading and replacing the mutant strains.
New vaccines are being developed and promoted in full swing. Modner and Pfizer, are developing vaccines specifically for Omickron strain .
In China, the Omickron strain inactivated COVID-19 vaccine developed by Sinopharm Group's Beijing Institute of Biological Products, Beijing, has completed the first dose of vaccination in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province on May 1. This is also the first COVID-19 vaccine for the world to enter clinical trials for the AoShuang. If is smooth in the future, it is hoped that vaccination will begin in October this year. There are also two new crown vaccines of Aozhu, developed by the Wuhan Institute of Biological Products and Sinopharm Institute of Biotechnology, respectively, and have been approved by the clinical trials of the Ministry of Health of Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Column Editor: Zhang Mo, You Yu Yujie
Source: Author: Wang Liyao
