The Forbidden City cultural relics gathered in front of the Meridian Gate to prepare for southward migration
On January 31, 1933, Shanhaiguan was captured by the Japanese. Seeing that Beijing could not be preserved, in order to protect the cultural relics in the Palace Museum, on January 31, 1934, 19557 boxes of Forbidden City cultural relics moved south in batches, starting a long journey of exile. From Shanghai to Nanjing to Sichuan, we avoided the war between the Japanese army. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, this batch of cultural relics gathered in Nanjing again. By 1948, the Kuomintang was defeated, and a considerable number of these fine products arrived in Taiwan after three shipments. Later it became the foundation of the Forbidden City in Taipei today. In fact, the Kuomintang originally planned to transport everything in seven times, but the People's Liberation Army's offensive was too fierce, so it could only transport the precious cultural relics first.
Regarding transporting cultural relics to Taiwan, Mr. Zhu Jiaqing talked about a past story. On the eve of 1949, the Executive Yuan of the National Government ordered the transportation of treasures from the Forbidden City to Nanjing. Due to restrictions on conditions, it is necessary to select them. After discussion, it was decided to avoid the archives of the library and the documentary library and start with the antiques, but it must be packaged and compiled in advance. Mr. Ma Heng of the Palace Museum specifically instructed: "Only require stability and properness, not fast. Remember! Don't require fast!..." Mr. Ma's words are so wonderful. From the perspective of the National Government, the situation is urgent, so of course he needs to be fast. Mr. Ma did not want the cultural relics to move south, and it was difficult to disobey the orders of the top peak, so he came up with such a solution. From the perspective of cultural relics protection, do not require fastness. At that time, the People's Liberation Army was already sweeping away the fallen leaves, and Mr. Ma wanted to use this to drag down the National Government.
Of course, there are methods that are both safe and fast. However, Mr. Zhu Jiaqing did not want the national treasure to move south. He understood it when he heard Mr. Ma's instructions and slowly selected collections, packaging and booklets. Finally, the traffic control was dragged to Beijing, and the route was stopped, leaving a large number of calligraphy and paintings.
Han Huan's "Wenyuan Picture"
Han Huan's "Wenyuan Picture" partial
Han Huan's "Wenyuan Picture" partial
Han Huan's "Wenyuan Picture" partial
Among the cultural relics packaged at that time, there were "Wenyuan Picture" titled Han Huan's "Wenyuan Picture". This painting was originally in the "Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Collection Book", with a total of ten, and nine out of nine out of them moved south for the first time. This opening was accidentally left because of taking photos in the photo room. In the end it stayed at the Forbidden City in Beijing.
Perhaps because of these pasts, a widely circulated saying has formed: the number of cultural relics in the Palace Museum in Beijing far exceeds that in the Palace Museum in Taipei, but the number of cultural relics is not as high as in the Palace Museum in Taipei.
In fact, even so, the Taipei Forbidden City and the Beijing Forbidden City are still incomparable. Not to mention anything else, the Forbidden City itself is an unparalleled cultural treasure house, and the mainland is the carrier of Chinese culture. Over the years, many excavated fine products have been supplementing the Forbidden City in Beijing. Taiwan is isolated overseas and can be supplemented by extremely limited amounts. Despite this, in addition to the batches that were passed by that year, the Taipei Forbidden City also has a batch of national treasure-level cultural relics that we are familiar with.
Two days ago (January 1st), the special exhibition "The True Symbol of the Brush and Ink" in Taipei's Forbidden City regularly replaced exhibits, 16 calligraphy works by Emperor Wu of Liang in the Southern Dynasty, Cai Jing and Zhao Gou of the Song Dynasty, Shen Zhou and Dong Qichang of the Ming Dynasty, and Wang Duo and Liu Yong of the Qing Dynasty were exhibited. Among them, there are two famous works that were housed by collectors in the Forbidden City in Taipei. One is the "Extraordinary Letter" of Emperor Wu of the Southern Dynasty stored by Wang Shijie's family, and the other is the "Submit of the Gift of Yue Fei" of Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty stored by Lan Qianshan Pavilion. Regarding the method of "reservation", Zheng Xinmiao, former director of the Palace Museum in Beijing, introduced in his book "Tianfu Yongzang", saying, "The Taipei Palace Museum formulated a collection method for collection in 1969. After two revisions, in the method, in addition to the acquisition and donor, the fourth chapter is for storage, and it is determined that private cultural relics must be stored."
The acceptance of storage in the Palace Museum in Taipei began in 1967, and scholar Luo Jialun stored five paintings of the four monks in his late Ming Dynasty. Some storage was later changed to donations. For example, after his death, Luo Jialun's painting was changed to donation from his wife according to his last wish.
Xiao Yan, Weiqu Post
The "Qianqu Post" of Emperor Wu of Liang of the Southern Dynasty should be regarded as a famous product in the history of calligraphy by the inscription, but this work was not found in any records before the late Ming Dynasty.It was only after Dong Qichang engraved it into the "Xi Hongtang Fa Tie" that "Yiqu Tie" became famous. The author of this work has always had two statements: Wang Xianzhi and Xiao Yan. Dong Qichang designated it as Xiao Yan's work, and later generations continued to use this statement. It once entered the inner palace of Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, and there were also written interpretations and inscriptions by Hongli. During the Republic of China, it was leaked out of the palace and purchased by the famous collector Wanyan Jingxian (named Pu Sun). In order to commemorate, he called himself "Yiqu Xiaozhai". However, the excerpt from "The Book of Weiqu" is a Buddhist saying "The deeper the love and karma, and if you cultivate resentment, you will always fall into the strange interest", which means falling into the evil path. It is quite unpretentious to use as a vegetarian name. Mr. Qi Gong also complained that Wanyan Jingxian was unlearning and ignorant.
In addition, this ink trace from the Forbidden City in Taipei is not consistent with the one seen in Dong Qichang's record. After enlarging the high-definition details, I found that the original painting was written twice with light ink and thick ink, and the cursive method was incorrect, so it was not natural to pull the ribbon. Some people say that it was copied from the 18th to 19th centuries according to the Kyoto Neighbor Collection.
Xiao Yan, strange post
"Fantasy Post" should have been brought to Wang Shijie in the late 1940s. In his diary on June 5, 1947, he wrote: "Recently, some people have shown "Fantasy Posts" that show Emperor Wu of Liang"... After this post, there is also a paper titled Wang Shijie in this post. This post contains three postscripts from Zhou Shouchang.
Wang Shijie's posts
About Wang Shijie's
Wang Shijie is from Chongyang, Hubei Province, with his courtesy name Xuezhi. He has studied in the UK and France successively, and has obtained a master's degree in political science from the University of London and a doctorate in law from the University of Paris. After returning to China in 1918, he served as professor and director of the Department of Law of Peking University, director of the Legal Affairs Bureau of Nanjing National Government, and director of the Hubei Education Department. In 1928, he presided over the relocation of Wuhan University to Luojiashan and served as the first president of the National Wuhan University. Since then, he has held important positions in the state government and is a witness and witness of many major events in China in the 20th century.
1947, Washington, USA. The diplomat Gu Weijun and Wang Shijie of the Republic of China talked in the embassy in the United States.
Among all professions, he should be the identity of the president of Wuhan University, so he left a will before his death, following the precedent of "the founder of the University of Victoria" engraved on the tombstone of US President Jefferson, and required that only "the tomb of Wang Xueying, former president of Wuhan University," his gravesmanship for Wuhan University was vividly displayed on the paper and deeply touching. After reading some memoirs of people from time to time, Wang Shijie is quite honest and has no other hobbies, but he likes calligraphy and painting. After going to Taiwan, he also compiled a collection of calligraphy and paintings with the Forbidden City in Taipei. Moreover, he has a really high eye and has collected a number of top works. After his death, he made it clear in his will that he would donate the 77 famous calligraphy and paintings he had collected to Wuhan University. These calligraphy and paintings were written by Emperor Wu of Liang in the Southern Dynasty, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, Zhu Xi in the Song Dynasty, Huang Gongwang in the Yuan Dynasty, Tang Bohu, Wen Zhengming, Wang Shouren in the Ming Dynasty, and Liu Yong in the Qing Dynasty. They were hand-sewn by Mr. Wang Shijie's wife, Ms. Xiao Dehua, and the brocades on the painting scrolls and hand-rolled brocades on the album. However, for various reasons, these things are currently temporarily stored in the Palace Museum in Taipei.
Some friends may not know that Su Shi's "Cold Food Post" in Taipei's Forbidden City was originally in his hands, and this collection experience is quite legendary.
Su Shi, "Cold Food Post", Wang Shijie's old collection
"Cold Food Post" is two poems written by Su Shi at the Dongpo Xuetang in the third year of Huangzhou (1082). It is the most proud calligraphy work in his life and is called "The First in Su's Book". This is not enough. Huang Tingjian’s post is blessed by the left side of the post, and Huang’s postscript is also wonderful, both of which are both good. This volume of calligraphy was rated as "the third running script in the world" at the end of the 20th century. He once entered the Qianlong inner palace. Because it is so famous, it has been very tortuous in modern times and has even been burned several times.
In the 10th year of Xianfeng (1860), the British and French coalition forces burned the Old Summer Palace, and the Cold Food Post was almost burned, which was obtained by Feng Zhanyun, the people. During the Tongzhi period of Emperor Muzong of the Qing Dynasty, "Cold Food Post" was collected by Feng, a Guangdong man. Unfortunately, he encountered a fire. Feng extinguished the fire urgently and left black marks of burning fire at the bottom of the hand scroll.After Feng died, he was secretly collected by Sheng Boxi. After Sheng died, he was purchased by Wanyan Jingxian and exhibited at the Beijing Calligraphy and Painting Exhibition in 1917. It came to Yan Yunbo in 1918.
This experience was written by Yan Yunbo in the subsequent inscription.
Yan Yunbo
In 1922, Yan Yunbo brought "Cold Food Post" to Japan. His relatives of Kikuchi Xingtang bought it for 6,000 yuan, and sold it to Kikuchi Xingtang for 60,000 yuan. The price difference between the two was too big, and Kikuchi Seokon almost sued the man when he found out. This experience was recorded in the inscription by Guo Gan.
Guo Gan's posts
In September of the 12th year of Taisho (1923), the Kanto earthquake was destroyed by a fire overnight. Kikuchi Seokedo's family was not spared and caught a fire. However, Kikuchi rushed into the fire at the critical moment and risked his life to rescue the "Cold Food Post". There is also a "Xiaoxiang Sleeping Tour" written by Li Gonglin, a Song Dynasty man (actually, it was written by a man surnamed Li at that time. It is now in the collection of the Tokyo National Museum and is designated as a national treasure). We all know that Zhao Mengjian did not want to jump into the water in order to rescue Dingwu's version of "Lanting", and Kikuchi Xingtang's move was comparable to that of Zhao Mengjian, so it was a good story. Naito Konan recorded it in his inscription.
Nito Hunan Post
It is generally believed that the wavy traces of overfire on the "Cold Food Post" were left at that time, so the situation was indeed very urgent at that time.
Overshoot traces
Since the "Cold Food Post" was collected, Wang Shijie should have begun to pay attention to its trends and pay close attention to it. This is no coincidence. The previous "Single Interesting Post" by Wang Shijie is the old collection of Wanyan. After the end of World War II, the Japanese economy entered a great depression in all aspects. The Kikuchi family was engaged in the banking industry, and the impact was particularly serious under this situation. So Wang Shijie seized the opportunity and asked someone to purchase "Cold Food Post" from Japanese collectors in 1948. It was finally purchased for US$3,500 in 1950, which was worth about 100 taels of gold at that time. In the 1970s, Fang Wen asked antique businessman Zhang Dingchen to buy it for $150,000, which was more than ten times the price. Cheng Qi, an antique businessman in Japan, entrusted to Tan Danyu, deputy director of the Palace Museum in Taipei, to buy it for 50,000 US dollars, but all were flatly rejected by Wang. In 1973, someone offered another $100,000 to buy it. Perhaps Wang Shijie was annoyed and said that he would not sell any price. In 1981, Wang Shijie passed away. In 1987, the Forbidden City in Taipei came forward to purchase "Cold Food Post" from his son. At this point, this national treasure has temporarily ended the process of displaced.
At the end of 2015, the Forbidden City in Taipei held an exhibition "Tianbao Jiuru - Selection of New Cultural Relics in the Over the Ninety Years" to present treasures, calligraphy, paintings, and books and documents that have been successively collected over the years. Su Shi's "Cold Food Post" is listed.
About Lan Qianshan Pavilion
In the Yan Zhenqing exhibition of the National Museum of Tokyo, Japan, which was flooded a while ago, there were two objects stored in the Forbidden City in Taipei. One was the "Preface to Lanting on Yellow Silk" written by Chu Suiliang, and the other was Huaisu's "Ten Thousand Characters of Little Grass". The "Lan Qianshan Pavilion" we are going to talk about next is closely related to these two national treasures. This vegetarian name is made by Mr. Lin Boshou, an important member of the Lin family in Banqiao, Taiwan, and took one character from each of the two ink treasures.
lanting preface and small grass thousands of characters
Banqiao Lin family is one of the five major families in Taiwan. It is known together with Wufeng Lin family. Taiwanese people call it "one day, two Lin family." The Lin Benyuan family made its fortune in Banqiao during the Qing Dynasty. As early as the early 20th century, according to the investigation of the Japanese Governor's Office, which occupied Taiwan at that time, Lin Weiyuan, the fourth generation of the Banqiao Lin family, had assets of 110 million yuan, ranking first in Taiwan. It is said that this unit "circle" refers to silver dollars. Even today, the assets of the Lin family are still not to be underestimated. In June 2008, Forbes announced that Lin Mingcheng, who was born in the Banqiao Lin family and served as the chairman of South China Financial Holdings, had a net worth of US$1.2 billion, ranking 20th in Taiwan's richest people that year. And Lin Boshou, the "Lan Qianshan Pavilion", is truly the fifth generation of the Lin family and the son of Lin Weiyuan.
Lin Boshou loves art and once compiled and printed artistic works such as "The Inkstone Collection of Lan Qianshan Pavilion", "Catalog of Ancient Porcelain of Chinese Porcelain" and "Lan Qianshan Pavilion Calligraphy and Painting Collection". After returning to Taiwan, he borrowed 331 cultural relics for free for the exhibition in the Forbidden City in Taipei, and paid another storage fee of NT$1 million.In addition to the two dramas mentioned above, there is also the following "Give Yue Fei Criticized Scroll" by Emperor Gaozong of Song (the Forbidden City in Taipei is on display). Emperor Gaozong of Song Dynasty's calligraphy was so good. From Huang Tingjian to Mi Fu, he went back to the Two Wangs and became the best friend of the Two Wangs. His calligraphy was also in a square and round way, and he became the object of the Southern Song Dynasty royal family's practice.
Song Gaozong gave Yue Fei a play, and the old collection of Lan Qianshan Pavilion
If you have a good memory, you should know that a play written by Song Gaozong to Yue Fei was also exhibited at the Taipei Forbidden City National Treasure Exhibition in October last year. The one with Qianlong's inscription was moved to Taiwan from the Forbidden City in Beijing. The ink traces stored in Lanqianshan Pavilion were written four years later than that piece of paper, and were longer than it, and faster to use the pen, making more transformations. In the rigorous qi and composition, it showed exquisite skills and elegant charm.
This content is about Song Gaozong urging Yue Fei to join forces with other generals to capture Jin Shuai Wushu. The names of the four generals of the Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, Han Shizhong, Zhang Jun and Liu Guangshi, all appeared, and are extremely precious artistic and documentary materials.
The last signing of the "King of Man"
The imperial edict of Emperor Gaozong in the collection of the Forbidden City in Taipei.
Zhao Gou, granted Yue Fei a sect
This hand-in-hand instruction is to comfort Yue Fei's hard work in guarding the border, and to discuss border defense matters. There is no year mark on it. According to the text, "When you are in the prime of autumn, you will be able to carry troops to the border." It can be seen that Yue Fei accepted the imperial edict and was in the army in a while. The article mentions "after the rebellion of the Huaixi Army", and the Huaixi Mutiny occurred after August of the seventh year of Shaoxing (1137). Yue Fei was recalled to Lin'an in April of the 11141 of Shaoxing (1141) and was sentenced to death in the same year. It seems that this is known that Emperor Gaozong's decree should have been written between August of the seventh year of Shaoxing and April of the 11th year of Shaoxing. However, "History of the Song Dynasty." "Biography of Yue Fei" mentioned that after the Huaixi Mutiny, Yue Fei submitted a memorial to attack the rebel Li Qiong. Emperor Gaozong did not agree, but instead issued an edict to ask Yue Fei to "restrain his troops in Jiangzhou to help Huai and Zhejiang." The imperial edict also talked about the defense issues in the Yangtze River area, which seemed to show the different attitudes of Yue Fei and Gaozong in the Northern Expedition.
Emperor Gaozong obviously used static to control his movements. On the one hand, he comforted Yue Fei and gave military power, but on the other hand, he limited Yue Fei's military power to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Perhaps this hand-in-hand instruction was exactly what Emperor Gaozong refused Yue Fei's request to attack the Huaixi mutiny, so it was very likely written in the seventh year of Shaoxing.
In addition to Wang Shijie and Lin Boshou, let’s take a look at what other famous products donated by celebrities in the Forbidden City in Taipei.
Zhu Xi, "Yi Ci Book", Lin Zongyi's old collection
This set of large characters "Yi Ci Book" handwritten by Zhu Xi, a master of Neo-Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty, is excerpted from the "Yi Ci Book" with a total of fourteen openings. It is the only large characters ink plot that Zhu Xi has seen in the world. It was handed down by collectors of the Yuan and Ming dynasties. It entered the palace during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty and was recorded in "Shiqu Baoji". First Edition is a work that has been circulated with Youxu. Each line only has two characters written, the structure is heavy on top and light on the bottom, the brushstrokes are deep and fast, and it has the momentum of a fast sword cutting formation. Every character is protruding, strong and powerful, the ink color is dark, and sometimes it appears flying white, and the spirit is particularly vigorous. It is a masterpiece of ancient large-character calligraphy. It was donated to the Forbidden City of Taipei in 1983 by Mr. Lin Zongyi. Lin Zongyi is Lin Boshou's nephew mentioned earlier.
Wuzhen, Jiahe Eight Scenery Scroll, Luo Jialun’s Old Collection
This volume is located in eight scenic spots near Jiaxing. It has few brushwork and is simple and elegant, expressing the quiet and elegant mood of nature. The cursive script inscription of Wuzhen at the beginning of the volume was recorded, and the engraved was signed in the fourth year of Zhizheng (1344). At that time, he was 65 years old. He was a work in his middle and late years. There is a 753rd "Qu" number on the bottom right of the Thousand Characters text, which is the old collection of Xiang Yuanbian (1525-1590). This frame was donated by Ms. Zhang Weizhen (1901-1993), the wife of Luo Jialun (1897-1969).
As mentioned earlier, the Forbidden City in Taipei is isolated overseas, and Taiwan’s local culture is weak, and the channels for cultural relics expansion are limited. The Taipei Forbidden City understands this shortcoming very well. In order to expand the collection, in addition to actively purchasing calligraphy, painting and cultural relics, it also accepts donations from wise men, collectors and institutions from all walks of life to provide a solid and sustainable development foundation. Over the past decades, more than 6,000 new calligraphy and painting works have entered Tibet.——I have worked very hard!
Even so, it is still difficult to compare with the Forbidden City in Beijing.
But then again, the Forbidden City on both sides of the Taiwan Strait has the same origin. Mr. Zhu Jiaqing from the Forbidden City visited the Forbidden City in Taipei. When he gave a speech at the custody department, his opening remark was "My dear colleagues from the Forbidden City". The audience in the audience heard the sound and gave warm applause, which shows what people want. Mr. Zhu has participated in the preservation and research of cultural relics at the Palace Museum in Chongqing since 1943, so many elderly people should have met him in the Palace Museum in Taipei at that time. Now, for various reasons, the cultural relics of the Forbidden City in Taipei have never returned since they moved to Taiwan. I hope that the Forbidden City on both sides of the Taiwan Strait can hold a joint exhibition as soon as possible.
