In the Arab region of the Middle East, there has never been peace, and battles of all sizes are uninterrupted. The Iraq War was a relatively big war after World War II . Why did these two countries continue to have eight years of war? First of all, we must start with their nation. Although there are many Arab countries in the Arab region, there are also Jewish countries in Israel, and countries established by Persian nations such as Iran and . Different ethnic groups, coupled with the various hatred and conflicts in the history of the Persian and Arab nations, have also kept the two countries in an opposition.
During the Cold War, in order to establish its dominance in the world, the two superpowers brought many countries to their own camps to confront each other. The Arab region is a place rich in oil, so it naturally becomes a place that both major countries want to strive for. In order to gain Iran's oil benefits and prevent the Soviet Union from joining Iran through the areas bordering Iran under its control, the United States can take advantage of the situation and unite or control Iran. The United States decided that Iran must be pro-US.
So, the United States planned an action called Ajax to achieve its goal. Finally, on August 19, 1953, the then ruler of Iran, Mohamed Mosatai, was removed from power, and newly supported Mohamed Pahlavi to rule Iran. Pahlavi did not disappoint the Americans' expectations. In order to follow the United States and protect the interests of Americans, he introduced a number of reforms to limit the domestic power of Islam . And in terms of law, it also gives Americans extraterritorial legal rights, which means that Americans' crimes can only be handled by Americans.
Pahlavi
So these measures will naturally be opposed by domestic Islamic forces. Especially the religious leader Khomeini , he led many believers in China to destroy many places in China in order to fight these reforms. Eventually, the new leader Pahlavi had to capture Khomeini and expel him from Iran.
However, this did not stop Khomeini. In order to achieve his demands, he traveled to other countries such as , Middle East, , and arrived in Europe. Every time he went to a country, he sought help from these countries, hoping to drive Pahlavi off the throne.
And at this time, neighboring countries Iraq is also in a turbulent period. After World War II, Irankia changed from a monarchy to a republic. The first leader was Kasem who overthrew the Sar Dynasty.
In the second year of the establishment of the Republic of Iran, in 1959, the new leader was assassinated by a 22-year-old young man named Saddam Hussein , but the operation was not successful. Saddam, who failed in the operation, successfully fled before being executed, and finally arrived in Cairo and became the leader of the Baath Party in Cairo.
was in his second year as leader of the Cairo branch, that is, in 1963. The Baath Party at home successfully drove Kasem out of power. Iraq has also begun to be dominated by the party. Becker also became the new leader of Iraq.
Saddam was also able to return to his motherland due to domestic changes. However, he did not return home for a long time. Because he expressed opposition to the corruption within the party many times, and violated the interests of many people, especially the interests of the Baaking Party's upper class, almost losing his life. The Baak Party also overthrew the Baak Party's rule due to internal problems. Saddam had to go into exile to Damascus .
When on July 17, 1968, the leader of the Baak Party, also former leader, Becker, united the group of army officers in China, and drove Arif down. Becker became president this time, and the Baath Party continued to gain Iraq's leadership. Saddam eventually became the second-person in Iraq, serving as the deputy position of the Revolutionary Command, and also served as Minister of Propaganda and Minister of Security. The position of
cannot satisfy his ambitions.Finally, in 1979, he successfully forced Becker to abdicate and give way to the emperor. Saddam also became the president of Iraq and became the supreme ruler at the party and national level.
Saddam
That is, in 1979, Iran also changed its leaders. The Khomeini, who gave speeches in various countries, returned to the country and then held the Islamic Revolution to overthrow Pahlavi. The newly established Iranian country is a system that integrates politics and religion. He himself held the position of "supreme leader" of this country, and this position is not only at the national level, but also at the religious level.
. The rights of this position, for bill documents that have been passed by the Legislative Yuan, can exercise veto power . This means that in this country, Khomeini is actually an emperor-like existence, and everything is decided by itself.
Two countries that have had many hatreds in history have changed their new systems and leaders. Although the country is brand new, their hatred will not disappear. What's more, now both countries are their supreme rulers and have the final say. They are both people with extreme personalities. It can be expected that war between the two countries is inevitable. And one of the most important reasons that ultimately led to the war between the two of their countries was the border territorial dispute between their two neighboring countries.
This requires a large number of ports to go to sea, but Iran's territorial waters have a relatively long coastline, so naturally there are many ports for transportation.
Compared with Iran, Iraq does not have such a good coastline. It can be said that Iraq is almost a landlocked country, that is, there is a Arab River and Persian Gulf connection, which can give it a channel to go to sea. With such a geographical environment, it is in an extremely unfavorable situation in , the Lianghe River Basin, .
. The two countries once stipulated their border in the Algiers Agreement, which is half of the two Arab countries. But Iraq has never been willing to do this. What they want is to enjoy the Arab River alone. Iraq feels that Iran's land area is vast, nearly four times larger than Iraq. Moreover, there is also Caspian Sea in the country, adjacent to the Persian Gulf and Oman Gulf . There are also many ports to sea, but they are unwilling to give such a small river to Iraq.
Now Iraq is coveting this river that is extremely important to him, but Iran is still trying to kill him. Gradually, Iraq can only obtain it through war, which has become one of the biggest reasons for the Iran-Iraq War.
Putting aside this national border factor, another important reason is the religions of the two countries. Iraq is ruled by the Baath Party led by Saddam, which is the form of secularism . Although the Baath Party in Iraq is also considered Islam, it is not established by religion, so it has little to do with religion.
Under Saddam's rule, power was concentrated on him, and he also made radical changes in all aspects of Iraq. At home, there is no religion that can influence rule, nor is there an opposition party. Such reforms have also led to the inability of Shiites in Islam. For example, when Khomeini fled to Iraq, he was bullied by the authorities and was kicked out of Iraq. This eventually deepened the hatred of Sunni and Shiites. It also made Khomeini hate Iraq even more.
. After Khomeini came to power, he wanted to promote the Islamic Revolution in the world, and in the Middle East, it is naturally the main direction of transportation. Adjacent Iraq naturally became Khomeini's primary goal.
eventually led to a secular concept of Saddam and a Khomeini who was devoted to developing religion, becoming completely opposite and reaching a point where water and fire are incompatible.
In Iran, Pahlavi, who had bullied Khomeini, was pro-American at the beginning, so Khomeini naturally hated the United States to the core, so he eliminated all pro-American content in Iran. If there were Westernized domestic people, they would either leave or change their minds. This vigorous storm kicked off the change in the situation in the Middle East.
And an Iranian college student took hostages in the U.S. Embassy in Iran . Although the United States tried its best, Iran ignored it. This has caused the United States to freeze all Iran's funds in the United States and reject all Iran's oil.
This crisis has also ended all previous cooperation between the United States and Iran. In order to safeguard the interests of the United States in the region, the United States began to support neighboring Iraq.
1980 The Iraqi-Iran war broke out completely, and Iraq led the attack. Iraq has the support of many countries, not only the United States and other Western countries, but also the Soviet Union. Iran not only lost the support of the United States, but also because Khomeini also opposed the ideology of the Soviet Union like , so it did not receive support from the Soviet Union, but only some Islamic countries.
does not seem to have the support of major powers, and Iran should not have many advanced weapons, but it is not the case. In the past, during the US support period, many weapons purchased from the US were owned, and in the late stage of the war, many countries would quietly sell weapons to Iran in order to make a fortune.
At the beginning of the war, Iraq was well-equipped at this time and gained more initiative on the battlefield. In Iran, although the weapons are not good, the number of troops is still much higher than that of Iraq. In addition, the entire country has endless worship of religion, so all the soldiers fight for it with no chance. It happened on the battlefield. When facing a minefield, people all went to mine, and there was no need for engineers to clear mines one by one.
0 When Khomeini came to power, in order to strengthen his rule over the army, he cleaned the former officers on a large scale, and many technical personnel were also listed here. This led to the fact that when the war began, not many people could use these advanced weapons they had purchased before, and they would not repair them even if they were damaged. It also reflects Iraq's equipment advantages.
But Iraq has far less than Iran’s number of soldiers, and there are still Kurds in its own country doing things. As one goes up and down, the war between Iraq and Iran began to stalemate. Their direct war did not give priority to eliminating the other party’s important facilities and living forces, and began to attack cities and villages bit by bit. Today you capture one of my cities and tomorrow I will take them back. With such consumption, neither country can win.
was fought for 7 years before United Nations came forward to mediate the war. Finally, on July 18, 1988, all of the United Nations resolution 598 were accepted. It took another month to make the fire officially ceasefire on August 20.
This eight-year war consumed more than 500,000 troops from two countries, and the casualties of civilians were huge, and the economic losses exceeded 600 billion US dollars. With such a large consumption, neither of the two countries ultimately defeated each other and their territory did not change at all. However, this war caused Iraq's economy to almost collapse, and also caused Iraq to launch the Gulf War soon after. Judging from the final result alone, this is almost a meaningless war. But the harm to civilians in both countries is huge. One general succeeded in thousands of bones 2. War was a huge meat grinder, and the most pitiful civilians were all bitter. We now have the strong protection of our motherland, and it is so difficult to grow up healthily and happily in such a peaceful environment. Cherish peace and remember the revolutionary martyrs who brought us such a life.They have allowed us to have a life without war.
