Museum collection Yongle blue and white plum vase cultural relics Sumali green materials
Porcelain identification Zhenzhitang:
I like to collect porcelain, I don’t know a few professional terms, I don’t really like it.
is like Ye Gong. Since he likes dragons, he must know the types, appearance, origin, and means of dragons. If collectors don’t study it, it doesn’t matter if they have a short time. If they have a long time, it would be strange if they don’t suffer losses. Therefore, those who have no money in the people often study porcelain well. Those who have a lot of money are often cheated and buy a house of fake national treasures without knowing it.
understands a few nouns, but it’s considered that I really like to collect it, right? In fact, this is not the case. The most common problem lies among these collectors who understand a few nouns. Why? It means knowing the truth but not the reason. For example, the familiar Su Maliqing, everyone who plays with blue and white porcelain collections can know this collection term, but if you look into it in depth, what is Su Maliqing?
The museum collects Yuan blue and white plate cultural relics (imported Subo clay material)
Is Subo clay and Sumali clay the same thing? Are the green materials used in the Yuan Dynasty the same as those used in Hongwu Yongle Xuande in the early Ming Dynasty? What is the chemical composition of Su Maliqing? Why does Su Maliqing have rust spots, dizziness and other phenomena? What is the difference between Sumaliqing hair color under different kilns? Did Su Maliqing come by land or sea? Is Subo Niqing related to Sumatra, Boni State? What is the difference between Su Maliqing and Huihuiqing? Are Su Maliqing and Sabu Ni the same thing? What happened to Su Bo Niqing and Su Lai Manshi? What exactly is the standard color of a typical Sumali blue hair color? . . . . . . . .
Zheng He voyage to the West
You can write a paper for every question. If the researcher does not understand these questions, he cannot be called a scholar who truly understands Su Maliqing (Su Bo Niqing).
There are already many words about Su Maliqing. There are few people who know about the professional issues mentioned above, and not many people who want to know, so the author does not waste his writing and ink and bring these boring professional issues here to talk about them. Today I am talking about namelessness.
What is nameless? I guess there are not many collectors who know it.
is unknown, also known as earth, bald, iron sand, etc., and is an ore of oxide mineral manganese ore. There are production in many places in our country. It can be seen in sedimentary manganese deposits and weathered deposits along the coastal phase. Usually dense crystalline or cryptocrystalline earth-like blocks. The medicinal materials are irregular spherical, uneven or tumor-like protrusions. The color is black to dark steel gray, semi-metallic to earthy gloss, mainly manganese dioxide (MnO2), and also contains impurities such as iron, cobalt, nickel.
In fact, Wuming is the general term for all blue materials used to paint porcelain! It is also a Chinese medicine. The mineral essence belongs to manganese ore, while cobalt oxide is an impurity in anonymous alien minerals! In other words, the so-called high manganese and low iron in domestic blue materials actually missed two words - low cobalt! Wumingyi belongs to high manganese, low iron and low cobalt manganese ore, and is not the imported iron and cobalt symbiotic mineral deposits like Sumaliqing. This is the real difference between imported materials and domestic materials!
The tenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1637) Song Yingxing's "The Creation of Things in the Heavenly Works" has a more detailed record in the "Tao Lu Volume" section:
" Anyone who paints a bowl of green material is always unnamed and different. This object does not grow deep in the deep earth and floats on the ground. If it is deep, it will stop after digging three feet down, and it will be found in all provinces. It is also identified with the upper material, medium material, and material. When using it, the charcoal fire is red, the upper material will be calcined, the upper material will be made into green hair color, the middle material will be slightly green, and the lower material will be found. Nearly earth-brown. …The fine material utensils and imperial utensils, dragons and phoenixes, are all drawn from the above materials. …All those used in Rao Town, those in the mountains of Quxin County were called Zhejiang materials; those in the upper and higher counties were the middle; those in Fengcheng utensils were the lower. …The color was like soap during the investigation, and it became green and green when it entered the fire. ”
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the imported green materials had been exhausted, and the national strength was declining and it was unable to import them again, so all the porcelain used in Jingdezhen was made of domestic materials.However, at this time, the domestic materials were calcined and refined by compared with the early Ming Dynasty, rather than the method of calcined and washed by in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, which concentrated the cobalt oxide content in the calcined mineral components, and the color of the hair was significantly improved compared to the lightness of Chenghua Hongzhi.
The museum collects the Ming Hongzhi blue and white three-legged furnace cultural relics equal green hair color (Jiangxi Leping Green Material)
That is to say, from this time on, the domestic Zhejiang blue material basically had a color close to the characteristics of imported materials. By the time of , the pearl Ming material produced in Yunnan was even more indigo, similar to the Huiqing in the Jiajing period! There are not many works of Zhuming Material like . Most non-professionals often think it is a new imitation, but in fact it is because they do not understand the true color of Zhuming Material.
According to Song Yingxing, the feed is Quzhou Zhejiang material produced in Xinzhou (calcined), and the medium material is Jiangxi Shanggao green material produced in Fengcheng, Jiangxi, and is generally called Wumingyi. Do you understand now?
Ming Dynasty The "Compendium of Materia Medica" also records the nameless novel:
Zhi said: 未分类版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版版The other people used oil to refine it like stones and chew it like oats.
Song says: It is also found in the mountains and rocks in Guangzhou and in the mountains of Longji in Yizhou , south of the Bali. It is black and brown, the big ones are like projectiles, and the small ones are like black stones, and the picking is endless.
said: The nameless special shape looks like charcoal, with different tastes.
Shi Zhen said: It grows in the mountains, the mountains are densely populated by the river, and there are many Guilin , with hundreds of pieces in a pack, and it is a small black stone, like a snake yellow and black.
The museum collects Ming Zhengde blue and white drum bench cultural relics (stone green material)
It can be seen that not only domestic blue material is called Wumingyi, but imported blue material ( clearly states that it comes from the big food country, that is, Persian , which is today's Iranian . At the same time, the imported blue material sold by Persians to China was refined with oil, that is, high temperature treatment, the effect is similar to the fire forging method in the late Ming Dynasty ) was also called Wumingyi in the Ming Dynasty! This statement is not inconsistent with Song Yingxing! (Song said that whenever I painted a bowl of green materials, I always had no names or names).
So, what is the nameless person? Is Wumingzi and Wumingyi the same thing? The answer is no!
The Ruizhou Prefecture Chronicle in the tenth year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1515) records:
" Shanggao County Tianzegang has no name, Raozhou Jingdezhen used to paint porcelain"
This is the earliest documentary record of ancient domestic blue and white materials found in China so far.
The museum collects the Ming Jiajing blue and white alum red plate cultural relics (Huiqing)
Nameless son is produced in Gao'an, Shanggao (Jiebu), Ji'an (anciently known as Luling ), New , Fengcheng and other places in Jiangxi Province. Commonly known as glaze, also known as shizu, shizu, and shizu, it is a type of cobalt earth ore, containing 0.2%-5.8% cobalt and 20%-23% manganese. The ore deposits are scattered and the reserves are small.
Shanggaoqing material is produced in Buduifeng Village, Xinjie, Shanggao County. The good materials are flakes and have edges and corners, and are divided into old mountain materials, , Johor Bahru, and white skin materials, all of which are different. Until the Qing Dynasty, Shanggaoqing material was still in excavation and production. In other words, the green material produced in Shanggao, Jiangxi is also called Wumingzi, which belongs to Wumingyi, and was a medium-sized green material in the late Ming Dynasty. Did you understand after seeing this?
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Museum collects the Qing Dynasty Yongzheng imitation Xuande blue and white porcelain cultural relics (Zhejiang material)
