(recommended to collect it)
Introduction:
When learning knowledge, you must "know what it is, what it is." The discipline of geography and nature is no exception. It is normal for students to have strange questions in the early stages of learning in the new subject. If parents or teachers do not guide and encourage appropriately, it will often greatly undermine students' enthusiasm and self-confidence in learning.
Therefore, in order to facilitate the learning of beginners in Chinese geography, we specially share the outline and origin of the current 34 provincial administrative divisions in my country.
This part of the content starts from the perspective of enhancing learning interest and strengthening knowledge memory. While respecting historical facts, it incorporates a little elements of artistic creation. The purpose is to facilitate everyone to better distinguish and remember this part of knowledge. I believe the following content will refresh everyone.
First, I will give you two no longer used administrative division names: "road" and "road".
"Road" is the name of the administrative region in the Song and Yuan dynasties. The road in the Song Dynasty is equivalent to the "province" of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the "Road" in the Yuan Dynasty is equivalent to the "prefecture" in the Ming and Qing dynasties. For example, in the Song Dynasty, " Guangnan West Road " (referred to as "Guangxi Road").
"Dao" first appeared in the Han Dynasty. It was originally at the same level as "county" and was specially used in remote areas where ethnic minorities live. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, military troops were often named after the direction of the direction, and was called "Some Road". In the early Tang Dynasty, the world was divided into ten roads, which was only a kind of supervision area above prefectures and counties. After that, it increased to as many as twenty-three roads. For example, in the Tang Dynasty set up "Jiangnan West Road" (referred to as "Jiangxi Road"). In the Song Dynasty, local supervision areas did not use "dao" but instead used "lu", and the characters are different and the same meanings are the same.
"Dock" and "Road" were originally the nature of the supervision area, and then gradually transformed into administrative areas.
Map of the People's Republic of China
(please refer to junior high school textbook: People's Education Edition, Grade 8 Volume 1 P7-8, Shandong Education Edition, Grade 7 Volume 1 P7-8, Hunan Education Edition, Grade 8 Volume 1 P8-9.)
Currently, there are 34 provincial-level political districts , including 23 provinces, 4 municipalities, 5 autonomous regions and 2 special administrative centers.
4 municipalities directly under the central government
1.Beijing (Beijing)
The first well-documented name in Beijing is "Ji", which was the capital of Yan State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. During the Liao and Jin Dynasties, Beijing was regarded as the capital and was called Yanjing. After the Jin Dynasty destroyed Liao, it moved its capital here and was called Zhongdu. It was renamed Dadu in the Yuan Dynasty. Zhu Di, the Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, moved the capital from Nanjing and renamed it "Beijing". The name has been used to this day. It was established as a municipality in 1949. Take the word "Jing" in the full name as the abbreviation.
2. Tianjin (Tianjin)
Before the Tang and Song Dynasties, Tianjin was called "Zhigu". The market was formed in the Jin Dynasty and called "Zhiguzhai". The establishment of Jinhai Town in the Yuan Dynasty was the beginning of the construction of Tianjin. In the second year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1404), the city was built and the Tianjin Wei was called "the ferry crossing the emperor passed". It was established as a municipality in 1949. Take the word "Jin" in the full name as the abbreviation.
3.Shanghai (Shanghai)
The name of Shanghai began in the Song Dynasty. At that time, Shanghai had become an emerging trading port in my country. At that time, there were eighteen major Pus in Shanghai, one of which was called Shanghai Pu, and it had Shanghai Town on its west bank. In 1292, Shanghai changed its town into a county. This is the origin of the name Shanghai. In 1949, Shanghai was established as a municipality directly under the central government. In ancient times, fishermen in Shanghai invented a bamboo-weaving fishing tool "Hu", which was not yet known as Shanghai at that time. Therefore, this area was called "Hudu", so Shanghai was abbreviated as "Hu". During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Shanghai was the fief (part of the fiefdom) of Huang Xie, the king of Chu Chunshen, so Shanghai was also called "Shen", and later changed to "Shanghai".
4. Chongqing (Yu)
Chongqing was called "Ba". It was called Jiangzhou during the Qin Dynasty. It was called Yuzhou in the Sui Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty called Gongzhou . The name of Chongqing began in 1190. Because Emperor Guangzong of the Southern Song Dynasty first conferred King Gong and then ascended the throne, Gongzhou was promoted to Chongqing Prefecture, with the meaning of "double joy". In 1997, Chongqing was established as a municipality directly under the central government.During the Sui Dynasty, the Jialing River was called Yushui. Chongqing was located on the banks of the Jialing River and established Yuzhou, so Chongqing was referred to as "Yu".
3 provinces
1. Heilongjiang Province (Black)
In 1671, in order to resist the invasion of Tsarist Russia in the east, the Qing government built Heilongjiang City (Heihe Old City), set up a general of Heilongjiang, and governed the Heilongjiang River Basin. It was changed to Heilongjiang Province in 1907. Take the word "black" in the full name as the abbreviation. The abbreviation of the word "Heilongjiang River" originates from the river.
2. Jilin Province (Jilin)
A Jilin originated from "Jilin Wula", which means "a city along the Songhua River" in Manchu. The city was built in 1673. In 1676, General Jilin was appointed. In 1907, its jurisdiction was renamed Jilin Province. Take the word "ji" in the full name as the abbreviation.
3. Liaoning Province (Liao)
In the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, Liaodong counties were established east of Liaohe , and liaoxi counties were established west of . During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Khitan people established the Liao Kingdom in the areas of today's Hebei and Liaoning. Liaoyang Prefecture was set up in the Liao and Jin dynasties. The Liaoyang Province was established in the Yuan Dynasty. The Liaodong Dusi was established in the Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty established a general from Liaodong. Later, because the Liaohe River Basin was the birthplace of the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to Fengtian Province with the meaning of "Fengtian Chengyun". In 1929, it was renamed Liaoning Province with the meaning of "forever peaceful in the Liaohe River Basin". Take the word "Liao" in the full name as the abbreviation. It is said that because there is Liaohe in the territory, it is simply called "Liao".
4. Guangdong Province (Guangdong)
Song Dynasty Guangnan East Road, referred to as Guangdong Road, thus a name in Guangdong appeared. The main building is Guangdong Road. It was established in Guangdong Province. The jurisdiction was located in the early Han Dynasty and was the place where Nanyue , so it is referred to as "Guangdong".
5. Hebei Province (Hebei)
Warring States , the land of Qi north of the Yellow River was called Hebei. The Han Dynasty established Hebei County. The Tang Dynasty established Hebei Road. There are differences between the jurisdiction and the present. Hebei Province was established in 1928. The jurisdiction is equivalent to Jizhou in my country's earliest geographical work "Yu Gong", so it is referred to as "Ji".
6. Shanxi Province (Shenzhen)
From the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han dynasties, the areas west of 年山 and 年山山 were called Shanxi. During the Yuan Dynasty, it was called Shanxi to the west of Taihang Mountain, and the Xuanwei Office of Shanxi Road, Hedong was established. This was the beginning of Shanxi as the name of the political region. Shanxi Province is located on the spot. The jurisdiction was the territory of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period, so it is abbreviated as "Jin".
7. Qinghai Province (Qinghai)
Because there is Qinghai Lake in the territory, it is named Qinghai Province. According to the "Shui Jing Notes", as early as the 5th century BC, it was called Qinghai, and there were also those who wrote Xihai . After the Tang Dynasty, Qinghai was mostly used as the name. Qinghai Province was established in 1928. Take the word "qing" in the full name as the abbreviation. It is said that because there is Qinghai Lake in the territory, it is referred to as "Qing".
8. Shandong Province (Lu)
From the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Han Dynasties, the area east of Wushan and Hangu Pass was called Shandong. During the Jin Dynasty, Shandong East Road and Shandong East Road were set up in the area east of Kaifeng, which was the beginning of Shandong as the name of the political district. Shandong Province was established in the early Qing Dynasty. The jurisdiction was a territory of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period, so it is abbreviated as "Lu". "Qilu land" is also often used to refer to Shandong Province.
9. Henan Province (Henan)
In ancient times, the area south of the Yellow River was called Henan. The Han Dynasty established the Yuzhou division. Tang established Henan Road. Song established Henan Road. The Yuan Dynasty established the Henan Province in Jiangbei Province. Henan Province was established in the early Ming Dynasty. The jurisdiction is equivalent to Yuzhou in "Yu Gong", so it is referred to as "Yu".
10. Jiangsu Province (Su)
In the 6th year of Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1667), Jiangsu Province was established, and Jiangsu Province was formed by the first characters of the Governor General of Liangjiang Jiangning (now Nanjing City) and the Governor General of Liangjiang Suzhou (now Suzhou City ) to form Jiangsu Province (also the two most developed cities at that time). Take the word "Su" in the full name as the abbreviation.
11. Anhui Province (Anhui)
In 1667, the first characters of the political center at that time, Anqing (now Anqing City ) and the economic metropolis Huizhou (now She County) formed Anhui Province.
Anqing Prefecture is the former place of Anhui Province in the Spring and Autumn Period, also known as Anhui Province, so Anhui is referred to as "Anhui". It is said that because the earliest famous mountain in the territory, Tiangui Mountain, was called Wangong Mountain in ancient times, it is simply called "Wan".
12. Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang)
Zhejiang means the meaning of winding and twists and turns.During the Warring States Period, Zhejiang refers to today's Fuchun River, Qiantang River and Xin'an River . The Eastern Han Dynasty divided Zhejiang into two regions: eastern Zhejiang and western Zhejiang . After the Tang Dynasty, these two regions were transformed into the names of political regions. Zhejiang Province was established in the early Ming Dynasty. Take the word "Zhe" in the full name as the abbreviation. It is said that because Fuchun River, Qiantang River and Xin'an River were called Zhejiang in ancient times, it was simply called "Zhe".
13. Fujian Province (Fujian)
After Qin Shihuang unified China, he established the Minzhong County here. During the Han Dynasty, Fujian was called the Minyue Kingdom. During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Fujian Jiedu was established, which governed the five prefectures of Fu, Jian, Quan, Zhang and Ting. Fujian was composed of the names of the first two prefectures. The province of Fujian is established. It has been established in Fujian Province in the Ming Dynasty. The jurisdiction was originally a settlement of the Minyue people, so it was simply called "Min". It is said that because there is Minjiang in the territory, it is referred to as "Min".
14. Jiangxi Province (Gan)
In the Tang Dynasty, Jiangnan West Road was established, referred to as Jiangxi Road for short, and Jiangxi got its name from this. The Song Dynasty set up Jiangnan West Road. The first province was established in Jiangxi Province. Later, they were all set up in Jiangxi Province. Because Ganjiang runs across the province, it is referred to as "Gan".
15. Hunan Province (Xiang)
In the Tang Dynasty, the Hunan Jiedushi was established south of Dongting Lake, including the second river basin of Xiangzi, and a Hunan Jiedushi began to appear in Hunan. The Song Dynasty established Jinghu South Road, referred to as Hunan Road for short. Hunan Road was established in the Yuan and Ming dynasties. The Qing Dynasty set up in Hunan Province. Because the Xiangjiang River runs across the province, it is simply called "Xiang".
16. Hubei Province (Eur)
In the Song Dynasty, from the north of Dongting Lake to Jingshan, the two river basins in the west, Jing Hubei Road was set up, which is abbreviated as Hubei Road. Hubei Road was established in the Yuan and Ming dynasties. Hubei Province was established in the Qing Dynasty. Yichang, the administrative center of Hubei in the Qing Dynasty, was the capital of Ezhou after the Sui Dynasty, so Hubei was referred to as "E".
17. Taiwan Province (Taiwan)
Taiwan is a Taiwowan branch tribe originating from the Silaya tribe. Taiwan was called "Dongqi" during the Qin and Han Dynasties. It was called "Dongyi" during the Three Kingdoms period. It is called "Luqiu". During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, I officially used a Taiwanese one on official documents. In the 11th year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1885), Taiwan Province was established. Take the word "Tai" in the full name as the abbreviation.
18. Hainan Province (Qiong)
Because it is located in the waters of South China, the largest island in the territory is also called Hainan Island , so it is called Hainan Province. The province was established in 1988. Because this area was called Qiongtai, Qiongzhou or Qiongya after Qin Dynasty, it was called "Qiong".
19. Gansu Province (Gansu or Long)
Gansu is one of the twelve supervisors set up in the 11th century Western Xia dynasty. Its capital is Ganzhou (now Zhangye County ), which governs two prefectures, Ganzhou and Suzhou (now Jiuquan), and takes the first character of the two prefectures to form Gansu. The Gansu Province was established in the Yuan Dynasty, and it was incorporated into Shaanxi Province in the Ming Dynasty, and the provincial capital was restored in the Qing Dynasty. Take the word "gan" in the full name as the abbreviation. It is said that the administrative center was in Ganzhou during the Western Xia period, so it is abbreviated as "Gan". Since there is Longshan between Gansu and Shaanxi provinces, Gansu was also called Longxi in ancient times, so it is also called "Long".
20. Shaanxi Province (Shaanxi or Qin)
is a Shaanxi, originating from the Zhou Dynasty and the Zhou Dynasty, Zhou and Zhao Gongs "divided Shaanxi and governed". The area of Zhangbianyuan in Shaanxi County is now called Shaanxiyuan in ancient times. At that time, Shaanxi was the Jingwei Plain west of Shaanxiyuan. After the Anshi Rebellion of Tang Dynasty, Shaanxi Jiedu was established, and Shaanxi was transformed into the name of the political region. Shaanxi Road was established in Song Dynasty. The first province was established in Shaanxi Province. The Qing Dynasty established Shaanxi Province. Take the word "Shaan" in the full name as the abbreviation. It is also called "Qin" because it was the territory of Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period.
21. Sichuan Province (Sichuan or Shu)
The jurisdiction was established during the Qin Dynasty. Han Yizhou parts. The Tang Dynasty established Jiannan Road, which was divided into two military governors, Jiannan Dongchuan and Jiannan Xichuan . The Song Dynasty established Xichuan Road and Xia Road, and later divided Xichuan and Xia Road into four roads: Yizhou, Zizhou, Lizhou , and Kuizhou Road, collectively known as "Chuanxia Fourth Road", abbreviated as "Sichuan Road", and Sichuan was born from this. During the Yuan Dynasty, four routes were merged and set up as Sichuan Province. Since then, Sichuan Province has been in use to this day. Take the word "chuan" in the full name as the abbreviation. Because the western part of the jurisdiction was originally a land of Shu, it is also abbreviated as "Shu".
22. Guizhou Province (Gui or Guizhou)
Before the Song Dynasty, Juzhou was established. Because the local pronunciation "Gui" and "Ju" were difficult to distinguish, it was also written as Guizhou, and it was officially named Guizhou in the early Yuan Dynasty. The Guizhou Administrative Office was established in the Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty established Guizhou Province. Take the word "gui" in the full name as the abbreviation. It is said that because there are Guishans in the territory, it is simply called "Gui". The northeastern part of the jurisdiction belonged to Qianzhong County during the Qin Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty belonged to Qianzhong Road, so it is also abbreviated as "Qian". It is said that there are Qianling Mountains and Qianling River in the territory, so it is abbreviated as "Qian".
23. Yunnan Province (Yun or Yunnan)
Because it is south of Yunling , it is named Yunnan. . The Western Han Dynasty set . Yunnan County . Yunnan County was established during the Shu Han Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms. The first province was established in Yunnan. The Yunnan Provincial Administrative Office was established in the Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty established Yunnan Province. Take the word "yun" in the full name as the abbreviation. It is also called "Dian" because the administrative center is located in the territory of Dian during the Warring States Period. It is said that because there is Dianchi Lake in the territory, it is simply called "Dianchi".
5 autonomous regions
1. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Inner Mongolia)
Mongolia was originally a tribal name and was first recorded in the Tang Dynasty. In 1206, Genghis Khan unified the Mongolian tribes and established the Mongolian Kingdom. After the destruction of the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongolians retreated to the north of the border. The Ming and Qing Dynasties formed the name of inner and outer Mongolia. After the late Qing Dynasty, it generally refers to the south of the desert, north of the Great Wall, starting from the east of the Zhelimu League, and ending at the west of Tausierut, so the League flag is Inner Mongolia. Take the three words "Inner Mongolia" in the full name as the abbreviation.
2. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (New)
The jurisdiction was called the Western Regions in ancient times. The Western Han Dynasty established the Western Regions Protectorate. The Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties changed the captain to the chief historian. In the Tang Dynasty, there were two states of Yi, Xi and Ting, and two states of the Protectorate of Anxi and Beiting and Ting. After the mid-17th century, the Qing Dynasty quelled the rebellion of the Junggar tribe and set up the Yili general in the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains. In the 10th year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1884), it was changed to Xinjiang Province, meaning "the homeland is new." In 1955, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was established. Take the word "new" in the full name as the abbreviation.
3. Tibet Autonomous Region (Tibet)
At the time of Yuan, Tibet was called "Wusizang". "Wusi" means "central" in Tibetan, and "Zang" means "holy". Two commanders were established in the Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, the eastern part of Tibet was called "Kang" (Kamu), the central part was called "Wei", and the western part was called "Tibet" (including Ali). Because it is in western China, it is called Tibet. The Tibet Autonomous Region was established in 1965. Take the word "因" in the full name as the abbreviation.
4. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ning)
In the 5th century AD, the Huns noble Helian Bobo thought he was a descendant of the Xia Hou family, so he named the established separatist regime "Xia". In the Song Dynasty, Li Yuanhao, the leader of the Tuoba clan of the Dangxiang clan, became emperor, established the capital, Xingqing Prefecture, (now Yinchuan), established the country's name "Xia", created the text, and established the Western Xia Dynasty. In the 13th century, the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Western Xia, which means "pacifying the Western Xia forever". Ningxia Province was established here and it was named Ningxia. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established in 1958. Take the word "Ning" in the full name as the abbreviation.
5. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Gui)
The Song Dynasty set up Guangnan West Road, referred to as Guangxi Road, and one of the "Guangxi" was born. The Liangjiang Road in Guangxi is established. Guangxi Province was established in the open. Guangxi Gong Autonomous Region was established in 1958, and in 1965 it was changed to Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Since the administrative center of Guangxi was in Guizhou (or Guilin prefecture), Guangxi was referred to as "Gui". Another theory believes that during the Qin Dynasty, Guangxi had three counties: Guilin, Xiangjun, and Nanhai. In history, 2/3 of Guangxi belonged to Guilin County, so Guangxi was abbreviated as "Gui".
2 Special Administrative Regions
1. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong Kong)
Before the Song Dynasty, this was a place where fishermen at sea fished and rested. After the Song and Yuan dynasties, there was a small village on the island called "Hong Kong Village", which was a distribution port for transporting spices in Guangdong, so Hong Kong was named. It is mainly composed of New Territories, Kowloon, Hong Kong Island, and Lantau Island . On July 1, 1997, China resumed its sovereignty over Hong Kong and established the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Take the word "Hong Kong" in the full name as the abbreviation.
2. Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao)
The name was first recorded in the history books of the Ming Dynasty, called "Oyster Mirror" (Hao Jing), which means that the bay is like a bright mirror, and it is rich in "oysters". Later, it is also called "Oao", which means the place where the ship stops sailing and berthing, so it is called "Oa Jingao". Because it belongs to Guangdong Xiangshan , it is also called "Xiangshan Ao". There are many theories about the origin of the word "安". One is the Mazu Temple in the local Inner Harbor, which is formed by the Strait Elephant Gate, which is across the sea and facing the silver pit in Wan Chai. The other is the four islands of Taipa, Xiao Hengqin, Road Collapse and Da Hengqin in the south of the local area, and the sea water flows through it in a cross gate shape; the other is the local South Taishan (Magemiao Mountain) and Beitai Mountain (Liangfeng Mountain) are sealed into a gate. In short, it is both Macau and a door, so it is called Macau. On December 20, 1999, China resumed its sovereignty over Macau and established the Macao Special Administrative Region. Take the word "Ao" in the full name as the abbreviation.
Compare the map and remember it quickly
