A wisp of smoke 02
Nowadays, everyone in Lijiang, Yunnan knows it, but the ancient city of Jianchuan, which is only a few dozen kilometers away, is little known. The outside world's impression of Jianchuan mostly comes from the young man named A Peng in the movie "Five Golden Flowers".
Jianchuan belongs to Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. The county town of Jinhua Town is 126 kilometers south of Xiaguan, the prefecture prefecture. This place has a simple folk custom and rich cultural heritage. In the era when junior high school students are intellectuals, they will find that it is not an isolated case for those who are in their seventies to read aloud.
This is my second hometown.
When I was a recruit, I was the trooper of the 2nd Company of the 92nd Infantry Regiment. I practiced numbers in the azalea bushes all over the mountains every day, so I was so leisurely! Later, he was transferred to the headquarters to serve as the commander who managed the entire regiment department, and his life was still so peaceful.
However, in the second half of 1978, tranquility and peace came to an abrupt end, and a border war suddenly came...
Yunnan border, border housing for border people bombed by the Vietnamese army
In those years, the special era had just ended, the social economy was in ruins, and the people were looking forward to stability. However, the surrounding international environment is uneasy: in northern China, millions of Soviet troops are approaching, and Brezhnev personally led the Minister of Defense to Khabarovsk on the Sino-Soviet border to watch military exercises, and publicly declared that "a surgical strike against China is necessary"; in western China, the Soviet-backed India gritted its teeth at the defeat in 1962 and even crossed the McMahon Line; in eastern and southern China, all the US military bases in Japan, South Korea, Thailand and the Philippines are aimed at China, and the US Seventh Fleet cruising in the straits are even more powerful...
is very obvious, and the enemy is forming an encirclement around us. In the rainy season of 1973, two years after serving in the army, I participated in the live-fire offensive combat exercise of the infantry regiment for the first time. The tactics compiled by the military command were: the Soviet motorized infantry division carried out aircraft landing from neighboring countries in the south. During the rapid advance to mainland China, it was attacked and moved into defense by our military and civilians. The 92nd Infantry Regiment encircled and annihilated the invading enemy in the 11th Army of the Army...
In the next few years, the military division organized many such drills. Assuming that the enemy was without exception, they were all the Soviet Union. Fighting tanks, planes, and airborne were key subjects for dealing with the Soviet army's "high speed, wide front, and large depth".
The encirclement of international hostile forces must be broken. The first thing that needs to be dealt with is naturally the Soviet Union, which has millions of troops in northern China.
Unexpectedly, just when we were eager to deal with the threat from the north, Ho Chi Minh passed away. Vietnam, which claimed that China was "comrades and brothers", quickly turned around and couldn't wait to implement the "Indochina Federation" plan, actively becoming a pawn in the Soviet Union's strategy of siege China. The only remaining Southeast Asian exports around our country will also be blocked.
Vietnam invasion of Cambodia
Since 1977, the Vietnamese authorities claimed to "purify the border areas" and drove away Chinese expatriates who moved to Vietnam many years ago in a planned manner. Then it developed to drive out a large number of overseas Chinese throughout the country. In less than half a year, more than 70,000 refugees were forced to flee to China. A large number of arrests and murders of Chinese people in Ho Chi Minh City have also occurred in Ho Chi Minh City. When overseas Chinese helped the elderly and children to wade through the Nanxi River, the crazy Vietnamese army dared to shoot and intimidate...
The relationship between the two countries deteriorated, and the ungratefulness of the former friendly neighbors made the Chinese people really disappointed. For decades, we have been struggling to save food and food during difficult days, tightening our belts to help Vietnam, which was invaded by the great powers: in the mid-1950s, China sent troops to help them drive away French colonists, and wiped out more than 16,000 French troops in Dien Bien Phu's victory; from 1965 to 1975, more than 300,000 Chinese troops went abroad to resist the U.S. aid Vietnam, and more than 1,000 Chinese soldiers fell into the bombing of the U.S. troops! Most of the Chinese soldiers who died were buried in Vietnam. As far as I know, there are 16 martyrs in Wangbao Village, Fengtu County, Vietnam, which is more than 30 kilometers away from the border.
Our 31st Division anti-aircraft artillery battalion and anti-aircraft machine gun companies from various infantry regiments were also pulled out one after another, wearing gray-green clothes without collar seals and hat badges, and fighting side by side with the Vietnamese People's Army for several years with the air superiority of the US military.
Armed Vietnamese officers and soldiers all changed into Vietnamese uniforms and put on Vietnam's "wooden shell sun helmet"
For more than ten years in the War to Resist the United States, most of Vietnam's weapons and equipment came from China, and the number was quite astonishing. As of 1974, China provided various military supplies: 2.138 million guns (support), 1.2444 billion guns, more than 70,000 artillery pieces, 18.07 million artillery shells, 176 ships, 552 medium and water tanks, 320 armored conveyor vehicles, 170 aircraft, 16,000 cars, 18,240 tons of explosives, 65,000 wired telephones, and 35,000 radio stations... These supplies are enough to equip regular troops with two or three million people. Many new equipment have just been developed successfully, and our army has selflessly provided it to AIA without having it equipped. When their requirements exceed China's production capacity, we not only use inventory, but also draw active equipment from the People's Liberation Army!
Look at the Southeast Asian bully who turned against him in front of him, and she will live a modern version of "Farmer and Snake".
In fact, Vietnam has long had territorial ambitions for China -
When Vietnam was not unified in the north and south, the South Vietnam regime relied on the support of the United States to seize many islands in our Xisha Islands. It was fearless to pull out the Chinese flag and sank the normal operation of Chinese fishing boats. In late January 1974, the Chinese Navy and Army, which could not bear it, cooperated with the cooperation of large American ships with disadvantages, sank one South Vietnamese escort ship, injured three destroyers, killed and injured more than 100 officers and soldiers below the Captain of the Nutao, captured 48 people, and recovered Coral Island, Ganquan Island, and Treasure Island, which had been occupied since 1956, and showed national prestige and military prestige.
Vietnamese military and police drove out overseas Chinese
Hanoi, who said "comrades and brothers", issued a statement, "Thank you to the Chinese army for helping us recover the Yellow Sha (My Xisha) islands from Saigon"; in April 1975, as soon as the War of Resistance Against the United States ended, the Vietnamese army armed and occupied 6 islands in the Nansha Islands of our country, and then blatantly placed multiple Chinese islands into its own territory in the map published in 1976. later became even worse, and even included the South China Sea dispute as the content of "patriotic education" into primary and secondary school textbooks.
The US military was trapped in the Vietnam War for more than ten years, with 50,000 or 60,000 officers and soldiers killed and more than 300,000 disabled. The domestic anti-war calls are growing, and we have to announce the withdrawal of troops. North Vietnam took the opportunity to launch a spring offensive. South Vietnam, which lost its support from the United States, quickly collapsed, and the north and the south were unified. The Vietnamese army received a large number of weapons and equipment, including tens of thousands of tonnage ships.
A small country with tens of millions of people actually defeated the world's No. 1 military power. The Vietnamese authorities were in a state of elation. The ambition of the long-standing "Indochina Federation" expanded rapidly. Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand were all included in the strategic expansion goal of dominating Southeast Asia, while China was regarded as the biggest obstacle to its ambitions.
The million-strong Soviet army was tense in northern China. Li Duan, who has always been pro-Soviet, chose to use the Soviet power to compete with China. In 1976, a deputy minister named Huang Song from the Propaganda Department of the Vietnamese Communist Party made a speech: "Vietnam borders China, and this kind of neighboring relationship has both positive and negative aspects. In any case, the pressure from the north must be eliminated. Therefore, harmony with the Soviet Union plays a very important role in Vietnam. The Soviet Union strongly hopes to weaken China's influence in this part of the world, which coincides with Vietnam's interests..."
Based on this mentality, in the first half of 1978, Vietnam identified China as a "direct enemy" and clearly put forward the strategic policy of "attacking the south and defending the north, attacking Cambodia and resisting China." In November of the same year, the Soviet Union and Vietnam signed the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation: "Once one of the two sides becomes the target of an offensive or offensive threat, the contracting parties will immediately negotiate to eliminate this threat and take corresponding effective measures to ensure the peace and security of the two countries."
In November 1978, Le Duan signed the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation of the Soviet Union with Brezhnev, the Soviet Union obtained the right to use the naval and air force bases in Cam Ranh Bay and Da Nang, Vietnam, and Vietnam obtained a large number of military technical equipment transported by the Soviet Union, and implemented the "Indochina Federation" plan intensified. The surrounding environment in China has further deteriorated, and the threat from the north has become a situation of attacking north and south.
Deng Xiaoping commented that the "Sui-Vietnam Friendship and Cooperation Treaty" "has a military alliance nature. Vietnam launched a large-scale armed invasion of Cambodia and is provoking it in the Chinese border area... has no necessary lessons to deal with such people, and I am afraid that no other method will be effective."
is backed by the Soviet Union, and has a large number of advanced weapons from the United States, China and the Soviet Union. In addition, the 1.5 million troops trained by decades of war, no wonder the Vietnamese instructors are not vague: "One soldier can deal with 30 Chinese soldiers" "If we exchange fire with China, the Soviet Union will take action in northern China within 24 hours!"
is very obvious. The compromise can no longer be fully pursued, and tolerance will inevitably be regarded as weak. Faced with the ungratefulness of "comrades and brothers" and the arrogance of "third military power", the people of the whole country are filled with righteous indignation, patience is approaching the limit, and the whole country is full of "learnings", and the army is even more ready to go.
China-Vietnam border, border residents accused the Vietnamese army of atrocities
I attended the situation briefing meeting held in the regiment. The political commissar's tone at the meeting was extremely serious: "Everyone has seen that in the past, we were all ready to fight the large-scale attack of the Soviet army, but now the situation is even more serious. Vietnam's betrayal puts China in the north and south. This encirclement must be broken through. From now on, we must be prepared to fight a war in Southeast Asia!"
The 11th and 14th armies stationed in Yunnan for a long time have changed the training model of using the Soviet army as the hypothetical enemy and began to seriously study the combat characteristics of the Vietnamese army. By the end of 1978, the war seemed to be closer, and even the new recruits who had joined the army for less than a year could see that this battle must be fought!
(To be continued)
[Author Profile] Xu Xiangbin, from Tangshan, Hebei Province, joined the army in 1970 and has served as an instructor and deputy instructor. In 1979, he participated in the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam, and the company made first-class collective merits; in 1984, he participated in the "Two Mountains" operation, and the second company led by the battalion won the honorary title of "Zheyin Mountain Steel Knife Company". Transferred in 1986.
