Thanks to Teacher Dong Censhi for providing valuable information
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Discover the beads, model
—Reading Zhou Yukai "Shimen Wen Zen School Notes"
Source: "China Reading Newspaper" (January 19, 2022 10th edition)
text丨Zhang Jian
Professor of Chinese Department of Peking University
"Shimen Wen Zen School Annotation" (full of ten volumes), (Song Dynasty) Hui Hong , edited by Zhou Yukai, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House first edition in September 2021, 598.00 yuan
Contemporary research and governance Among scholars who have both good theory and literature and have outstanding contributors. Mr. Zhou Yukai is a recognized colleague. His "General Theory of Poetics in the Song Dynasty" was reprinted and has been popular in the academic world for decades. As one of the editors, he was praised as the highest level of compilation of poetry and essays in Su Shi. He also has in-depth research on Buddhist scriptures and literature, and has written "Chinese Zen and Poetry", "Written Zen and Song Dynasty Poetics", "Zen Language", "Hong Kong Seng Huihong Xinglu's Chronicle Case" and "Hong Kong Seng's Chronicle Case" and "Father Eye and Poetry Heart", etc., which can be regarded as the cultural protector of the Chinese Sect. Now, the "Shimen Wenzi Zen Annotation" he has accumulated over 20 years of hard work has 10 volumes and 2.5 million words, which is truly a model for annotation.
1. Cross-time dialogue with the Japanese monk Kuomen
Huihong is a famous poet monk in the Northern Song Dynasty. His collection of poems and essays "Shimen Wenzi Zen" was thirty volumes, and was edited and printed by his disciple Jueci. However, there is no way to find the Song Dynasty version. Now the earliest publication was the Jingshan Temple version of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang in the 25th year of Wanli . Later, all the books could belong to this version system. However, during the long-term circulation, there were continuous errors and increased, and it was difficult to proofread. In addition, Huihong was a Zen monk with a profound academic background. His poems and essays involved a large number of Buddhist scriptures and characters, which made it more difficult to interpret.
In 1709 AD, the Japanese Zen monk Kuomeen implemented the publication of "Annotation of Shimen Wenzi Zen" written by him, which took more than 20 years to publish. This was the first proofreading and annotation of "Shimen Wenzi Zen". It not only provided great convenience for future generations to read "Shimen Wenzi Zen", but also reflected the achievements of Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges. It is of great significance to the study of Song Dynasty literature, Zen, and foreign-domain Sinology. But Kumen was a foreign monk hundreds of years ago. He had a barrier to the mountains, rivers, characters, customs, culture, etc. in China. He had limitations of the times, regions and knowledge, and had many misunderstandings and omissions in proofreading and annotation. Three hundred years later, the "Xiaogong", which also took more than 20 years of hard work, was released, and the mistakes of Kumen were fully compensated.
The proofreading of the door may cause mistakes due to the close shape or sound. For example, in "Two Poems on the Xizhai of Ziguo Temple" "near the Hanyan Eye Village", Kumen mistakenly "又" as "又"; "又" to Qiyun Tower on the evening of July 7th, "又" to Wu Bangzhi" "又" "又" in the building", Kumen mistakenly "又" as "又". There are also subjective mistakes that the concealed door is wrong. For example, in "Ten Poems with Elder Yu Qing" "Who cuts the flower body of Ye Yun", the note of the door: "'Pei' is regarded as 'sanctuary'." In fact, "Pei" is used to "sanctuary", and the meaning of obscurity is not misleading. All of this was examined and revised by the "Ching Notes".
号’s comments were obviously wrong due to cultural barriers. For example, in "The Second Rhyme of Li Fangshu Shui Su" "One tiger in the city becomes three gusts", Kumen does not know the classic "Three people become tigers" in " Warring States Policy ", and mistakenly notes "Three gusts are called three junctions". Some people even missed the story because Kuomen failed to come to China in person. Especially when the place name and person name number are the same, the errors in Kumen increase significantly, and the "Xiaogong" points out and corrects them one by one.
place name is misnoted, such as "The Snowing Drama to Call on Mr. Yexi Zou Yuanzuo", the goalkeeper Xinchang County Ruoyexi is misnoted as Shaoxing ruoyexi. "Sending the Chang to Celebrate and Jian Zhongxuan" "The vast and vast sky and water connection of the stone city" is mistakenly called Shicheng Mountain in Taiping Prefecture. "Given the Prodigy of Huang Deyun" "The imperial edict fell into Tongshanyang" and "returned to Rushui", the gatekeeper Tongshan and Rushui in Linchuan were mistakenly marked as Tongshan and Rushui in , Nanyang Prefecture, .
people's names are misnoted, such as "The Family of Wen Gong and Lang Neng" in "Chongyinhui Wang Dunsu", Wen Gong is Wang Anshi , and Kumen is misnoted as another Wen Gong Wang Shu."Seeking Brother Chaoran": Chaoran means monk Xizu, whose name is Chaoran, and the Kuomen is mistakenly annotated as Peng Chaoran. "The Buddha's Secret is cultivated and cultivated Tianning, and the Great Tantan Festival is gathered in the early June. There is a lucky double lotus in the west pond in the palace. The Buddha's Secret is Jingyin, whose name is Juexian, and he was given the name Buddha's Secret Master. The Kumen was mistakenly annotated as Huiqin (also called Buddha's Secret).
The error or inappropriate annotation of the quilt door other than the place name and person's name number will also be corrected. For example, "The Taoist priest who eats and vegetables" "recorded to send Xuwen , A Tong should laugh and be happy", but this is not clear about Su Shi's tone. It is the Su Zhe (Xu Wen belongs to Leizhou ) when the poem was recorded. Instead, Xu Wen was mistaken as a name, thinking that it refers to Xu Wenzhen in "Biography of Immortals". "Sending Thunder from the Dragon to See Xuanshou" " Jiangpu Buy a boat in spring and water, when will a sail arrive in Xuancheng . If you see Kongqing Lao in the mansion, go from the canal to find the manuscript of poetry." Kuomen mistakenly annotated Jiangpu as Jiangpu County, Yingtian Prefecture, does not understand the poetry, Jiangpu is the riverside, and cannot be interpreted as a place name; Kuomen also does not understand "Kongqing Lao", which means he calls himself, and the note says: "Kongqing doesn't know who Kongqing, I think I don't have to explain it. Du's poem: 'The stone wall is broken.'"
Even in terms of Buddhist Zen, "Xiaozun" is better, and I have repeatedly made up for the unprepared Kuomen. For example, in "The Falun Qi Zen Master Kaixuan in the Subu Cong, he named the "Shibu Two Poems", Kuomen misinterpreted Zen Master Qi as Qi Tian, and "Xiao Zun" corrected it as Jing Qi (the Song people are used to calling the second word of the monk's Dharma name. If the Subu is called Qi Tian, he should be called Zen Master Tian, not Zen Master Qi). "The word "The Legend of Clouds" "I like to wear a clad skirt", but I don't understand what it means to clad skirt, and I misinterpreted it: "'milling' is regarded as 'ma'." "The "Annotation" quotes "The Protected Works of the Sixth Patriarch's Dharma Guardian" and Su Shi's "The Praise of the Med Na" and the Anonymous "Ji Lin Zhi", which proves that it is the clad robe. "Sending Master Lin" "I also brought a sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred sacred
"Zhaojing's Notes" respects the achievements of his predecessors. Although he made thousands of mistakes in proofreading the Kuwang's gate, he fully affirmed his contribution to the Kuwang's gate. He often added the notes "It's so true" and refused to plunder the past sages at all. Through a unique dialogue with Kumen, which spans time and space, and turns to the essence, "Xiaogong" expresses its tribute to the labor of the sages. More importantly, this is the first comprehensive and high-quality proofreading of "Shimen Wenzi Zen" completed by Chinese scholars. From then on, scholars from outside the region cannot be specialized in their previous works. "The proofing of the proofing" defends the dignity of national culture in their own way.
2. Overcome difficulties and refuse to "water injection"
In recent years, with the development and maturity of digitalization technology of ancient books, it has become more convenient to search and extract documents, and several adverse phenomena have also occurred in the collation of ancient books. For example, some "water notes" are popular in ancient books. If you are not noted in the difficult notes, you should not be noted in the notes. If you do not need to be noted in the notes, you will copy reference books such as " Chinese Dictionary " and so on. Little do they know that "the main function of annotations is to help readers clear the meaning of the text. If they copy the entries without combining the context, or even deliberately avoid the difficulties that are not seen in dictionaries, it is difficult to call them a qualified annotation." (Du Yu's "Abandoning "pseudo-proofreading" and "pseudo-annotation"", People's Daily July 20, 2017)
Although "pseudo-annotation" is huge, it is an excellent ancient book annotation that rejects "water annotation". The large number of vocabulary scriptures in "Shimen Wenzi Zen" cannot be completely solved by reference books, and even mistakes can be made based on them. For example, in some works of this book, "birthday" refers specifically to the day of the monk's death, that is, the day of death. This special meaning cannot be found even in the Buddhist dictionary. For example, the "tied rope" (tied rope), and the reference books have not been collected. Some researchers untied it into ropes, using the "tied rope still exists" in "Visiting Fuyan Temple in Nanyue" as evidence of Hui Hong's detention. The "Xue Note" points out that "tied rope" is mostly used in this book to refer to the connected skeletons and skeletons, and the "Ode to the Dead Bones" whose etymology is Huang Tingjian . This type of vocabulary involving Buddhist Zen is often made with exquisite explanations and meaning examples, which is of great help to the study and governance of Zen literature and even the culture of the Song Dynasty. Compared with those "water notes", "Xiaogong" can be called a gold notes. The excellent annotations of
of course must be based on reliable text proofreading."Xiao'an" is divided into the photocopy of Wanli Jingshan Temple version as the basic version, and refer to the same system version, such as the " Siku Quanshu version, the "Wulin Qianzhe's Remaining Works", the Changzhou Tianning Temple version, and the Kuanwen's Publication. It also reviews the selected versions of the past dynasties, the Song Dynasty's poem notes, Hui Hong's own works and other Zen classics. In addition, reviews various books and local chronicles, use materials as widely as possible, and flexibly use to proofread the , to proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread the proofread When proofreading and revising, the original text of the background is marked in brackets so that readers can know the original appearance of the background. For example, "Who makes the palace and pavilion Fengou (ou)" is a good example of using four methods of proofreading. The original character "小" is used to use the method of tuning the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the tuning of the Using the method of proofreading, analyze the belldoor made of pottery tiles hanging on the eaves of the palace and pavilions. Finally, it is judged that the original "Ou" is called "Ou", which is close and wrong, so it is corrected. According to rough statistics, there are four or five hundred similar errors in "Xiao'an" correcting them, providing readers with a carefully and credible version of "Shimen Wenzi Zen".
Excellent annotations need to be known and discussed. The author of "The Announcement" has published the "General Case of the Chronicle of the Song Monk Huihong's Works" in 2010. In addition to the chronology of Huihong's Tracks and the writings, it also provides a review and narrative of many other contents such as friendship, Zen genealogy, political events, party disputes, literati associations, and Buddhist systems. With such profound preliminary research results, "Xiao'an" can be used as the most works of "Shimen Wenzi Zen" and verify the names of people, place names and abilities in the works to solve many difficult problems. For example, in "Two Poems of Shangyuan Guanjia in the Capital", the second one is "I specially circulated the edict to say that you are very kind, and I look at the heavenly ranks and thank the Supreme", and in "Yingkui Luxue", he said that Huihong was "more than twenty years old" at the time. "Xiaoshuo" says that when Huihong was in the capital at the age of 20, he was not favored by Emperor Zhezong and Empress Dowager Xuanrengao during the 5th year of Emperor Zhezong and Empress Dowager Xuanrengao, and there was no possibility of "special edicts"; in the fourth year of Daguan, Huihong went to the capital and became the servant of the Privy Council, and was very favored by the trust. On October 10th of that year, Tianning gave the title of Ziyi Master. The so-called "special edicts" of this poem refers to the incident of Guo Tianxin's introduction and summoning You Xing in Shangyuan in the first year of Zhenghe; therefore, the place where he created should be Kaifeng Prefecture on the fifteenth day of the first month of Zhenghe. "Two Poems on Sitting at Night in Shitai", "Xiao'an Notes" not only examined his writing in the winter of the fifth year of Zhenghe, but also corrected the mistakes of "Zhiping period" in the "Jiangxi Tongzhi Volume", but also quoted historical materials such as " Yudi Jisheng ", "Fang Yusheng Lan", and Su Che's "Present to Shitai Ask the Elders' Two Jues", and determined the creation location in Xinchang County. These all provide practical help for an accurate understanding of Huihong and the social situation at that time.
Excellent annotations should not only indicate pronunciation, interpretation of word meaning, explanation of rhetoric, and verification of allusions, but also clarify the meaning and clarify the thoughts. "Xiao'an Notes" is the most diligent in this regard and has achieved the greatest achievements, especially the large number of vocabulary involves Buddhist Zen facts, and does not pay attention to it like the book of heaven. "The Annotation" pays attention to introducing various Buddhist knowledge and Zen idioms, citing and interpreting corresponding Buddhist documents, providing readers with convenience for reading. For example, in Volume 4, "Xie Zhongzi's Out of the Mountain" "The Ice and Snow on the Mountain of the Mount" is a wonderful "Ice and Snow on the Mountain" from "mountain" and "ice and Snow" easily reminded of the "skin of the Mountain of Miaogushe Mountain" in "Zhuangzi Xiaoyaoyou", but the "Zhongzi" in the poem titled "is like ice and snow", is a disciple of Huihong. He is a monk and should not be compared with the God of Miaogushe Mountain. "The Notes" says:
The Ice and Snow on the Mountain: It means that the spirit and temperament of the loyal son are like the Tang Dynasty poet Lingche. "Hong Kong 4 Biography of the Great Monks of Song Dynasty " Volume 15 "Biography of Lingche in Yunmen Temple in Kuaiji, Tang Dynasty": "Jianzhong and Zhenyuan have arrived, and the proverb of rivers says: 'The clearness of Yue is the cave of ice and snow.' It can be said that a generation of victorious scholars are enough to divide the tripod with Hang Biao and Wu Qing day." Volume 25 of this collection "Inscription of Che Gong Stone Carvings": "Hong Kong 4 Wu people said: ' Yuhang , which is the clouds and sky; Wu Qing day, which can be beautiful; Jishan yi, which is the cave of ice and snow.'" Jishan: that is, Kuaiji Mountain , this generation refers to Lingche . " Taiping Huanyu Ji " Volume 96 " Jiangnan Dongdao " Eight "Yuezhou Kuaiji County": "Kuaiji Mountain is ten miles southeast of the county."Kumen Note: "Ji's name is the same as "Zhuangzi·Xiaoyaoyou" chapter, "Daji Jitian but not drowning". "The statement is very wrong.
It turns out that Jishan is the abbreviation of Kuaiji Mountain. Lingche was known as "ice and snow" at that time, and it is as famous as Huzhou Jiaoran (Qing Day) and Hangzhou Road Bian. A proverb at that time said: "A day of turquoise can be beautiful; a mark of harshness can be smooth and beautiful; a mark of harshness can be smooth and the sky; a clearness can be clear and snowy. "Shimen Wenzi Zen" often uses "day", "biao" and "che" to refer to poet monks. Here, the Tang poetry monk Lingche is also used to compare the loyal son of a monk. "Xiao Zuo" criticizes Xie Dao, so that the meaning of the text is suddenly understood.
"Xiao Zuo" is also good at revealing the source of Hui Hong's poetry and prose, pointing out his writing habits, syntax characteristics and creative aspects, and sometimes putting it in the context of literary history and art history of the Tang and Song dynasties for investigation. For example, Volume 1 "Tong Chaoran Wuchen Fan Berlin Temple Sub-item Get Baizi", "Xiao Zuo" not only picks up Hui Hong's first "sound painting" word, but also points out his origins. It is a reflection of the concepts of the poetry world at that time, and quotes representative poems and prose of the Song people, which are quite similar to Qian Zhongshu "Selected Notes on Song Poems" to comment, appreciation and evaluation The method of combining judgment. The source of Huihong's poems and prose disclosed in "Xiao'an" covers four poems and two Buddhist and Taoist sects, which is sufficient to provide a wide range of knowledge. Nearly a thousand of them were influenced by Su Shi, and they are the biggest fans of Su Shi, and hundreds of them were influenced by Huang Tingjian. "The Biography of Monk Baozheng" Volume 2 "Mingbai Zen Master Mingbai" says that Huihong "is generally large-scale Dongpo, borrowing the valley to moisten the valley", and his evaluation is very accurate. Finding the source of poetry and prose not only helps the accuracy of the annotation, but also allows you to see the author's intention and the development of literary history, and its value cannot be ignored.
"Xiao'an" book is marked with the names of people, place names, and book names. These special name lines undoubtedly help correct punctuation and understanding the text. For example, at the beginning of the volume of the first volume, Ming Shidaguan "Shimen Wenzi Zen Preface": "Therefore, Baojue wants to "learning without learning, and to study in all rivers." ’The endless sigh of the people’s reign ‘Persia in the South China Sea, due to the wind, reached the shore’. It is not far from being a ritual or punishment. "The previous sentences of this passage are all wrong. "Xiaojiu" adds a line of names under "Baojue", "Endless" and "Mingong". It is indeed understood the text, so it can be accurately pointed out. Because it is a preface, there is no comment here. Fortunately, the author of "Xiaojiu" explained it in WeChat Moments. The excerpt is as follows:
In this passage, Baojue is the Zen Master Zuxin of the Huanglong School of Linji Sect, and is named Huitang, and is given a name for Baojue. Huihong's "Zen Forest Monk Bao" Volume 23 "Biography of Huanglong Baojuexin" records Zuxin's words: "I have studied without learning and have been studying all rivers. "Wujian is the prime minister of the Huizong Dynasty of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Shangying, , whose courtesy name is Tianjue, and his pseudonym Wujian Jushi, a native of Xinjin, Sichuan. Today, Guanyin Temple, is his hometown. The people refer to Huazang Zen Master Anmin, also known as Emei Zhongfengmin Monk, and is a disciple of the Yangqi Sect of Linji Sect (the tomb of Yuanwu Keqin is now in existence, next to Chengdu Zoo ). The Song Dynasty Shi Daoxing compiled "Shiyi Lu" records: "Monk Zhongfengmin of Emei first talked about the "Lingyun Sutra" in Chengdu. ...In the beginning of the Republic of China, I visited endlessly, and discussed the teachings and vehicle at Zhu Palace, and I was overwhelmed with endless joy. Afterwards, I heard that the people were the first to be the first, and I wrote endlessly to Wu (Yu Wu Keqin) and said: "The people are abandoning their righteousness and learning, and they are open to their minds, just like the ship full of treasures, and they meet the wind and reach the shore. '"After knowing the source of these two Zen scriptures, it is not difficult to break the sentence in "Shimen Wenzi Zen Preface"...
seems simple, but how much effort and how much knowledge reserves are needed to be mobilized to correctly mark it. The difficulty of sorting ancient books can be seen from this.
Qiu Zhaoao "Detailed Annotations of Du Poetry" says: "Those who comment on Du must repeatedly sink and seek their destination, and then compare the sentences and words, so that the author will work hard for thousands of years, and it will be as if he has experienced the world and met the person, but he will feel sad and thoughtful. "This is the highest level of annotation, and "Xiaoming" will reach this level.
3. Regarding the scale claws of the Lilong
cannot be said to have no regrets. For example, there are many characters in it that cannot be verified in their lives, their creation is unknown, and their lyrics are difficult to interpret. "Xiaoming" never makes sense of this, without any confusion or connotation. It honestly admits that although there are regrets, it is worthy of academic conscience.
"Xiaoming" also has imperfections in form.If the labels of some annotations are inconsistent with the labels of the text, this may be caused by changes in the layout before and after; most of the proofreading books do not list the version information, it is recommended to list all the specific versions of the proofreading in the form of an appendix when revising; some of the original versions are not wrong and the proofreading of the proofreading incorrectly seems to be not listed, if you have your own considerations, you can explain them in any examples; the format of the annotation cannot be unified, if some annotations speak sentence meanings, some do not, such as "Shimen Wenzi Zen", which is difficult to read and even difficult to break, readers of course hope to add sentence meanings and poetic proofreading.
, a masterpiece with more than 2 million words, has reached the "highest level of current collection of documents" (recommended by the official account of Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House). Just like the pearl that has been obtained by exploring Li, even if the remaining scales and claws are lacking, they will not affect the glory and value of the subject. However, based on my understanding of the author of "Xue's Notes", even if readers do not demand each other, if they have the opportunity, they will revise it more and more. Because in his heart, he always has awe of academics and respect for readers.
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