20 years ago, the proportion of children suffering from asthma has increased to one in five years, which means that 1 in 5 children is asthma, especially the peak period of asthma aged 3 to 5.
Daily care for asthma babies
In addition to following medical advice and using maintenance drugs on time to reduce the probability of asthma attacks and reduce the symptoms of attacks, you should also "know yourself and your enemy" to understand what you are allergic to and the degree of allergies, so as to avoid contact as much as possible. You should also pay attention to irresistible factors such as viral infection, climate change, and air pollution.
3 Influenza virus and rhinovirus infection can induce asthma attacks, so during the alternation of seasons and the prevalence of colds, we must take good self-protection to reduce the entry and exit of public places, wear masks, and wash hands frequently to reduce the probability of asthma caused by viral infection.
2. Special flavor
Second-hand smoke, burning gold paper incense candles, paint, insecticides, perfumes, kitchen oil smoke, etc. The irritating odor may also be an allergen. The indoor air should be kept circulating and chemical sprays should be used less.
3. Dust mites
Dust mites can be attached to pillows, quilts and even pet fur. In addition to paying attention to cleaning the home environment, they can use 55 degrees Celsius hot water to clean the sheets once every two weeks, or use dust mites to prevent dust mites.
4. Pet
allergens may be the hair on the pet, or the dust mites attached to it. It is recommended that pets at home should be kept outdoors as much as possible.
5. Most diet
does not require too many taboos, but if parents find that their baby will have uncomfortable reactions after eating certain specific foods, they should try to avoid it.
6. Humidity
Whenever the plum rainy season enters, the number of asthma patients in the outpatient clinic increases dramatically. It is recommended to use dehumidification equipment or air conditioning at home to maintain indoor humidity below 55%, which can effectively inhibit the growth of dust mites.
7. Drug
Follow the doctor's instructions. Inhaled steroids and leukotriene receptor antagonists can maintain lung function within the normal range and require long-term use. Doctors will gradually evaluate and adjust the dosage according to the efficacy and do not stop taking the medicine by themselves.
8. Exercise
Exercise can increase lung capacity and physical fitness, but strenuous exercise should be avoided and good habits of warming up before exercise. You should also pay attention to changes in temperature and environment when engaging in outdoor exercise.
9. Emotion and stress
It can also induce asthma due to stress and emotional instability, so when the baby is emotionally excited, you need to be comforted in time.
Asthma attack in babies Common clinical phenomena
Asthma babies are prone to symptoms of night cough, and cough will cause vomiting and affect sleep quality. Upper respiratory tract infections, cough symptoms are prone to more than two weeks and are not easy to completely recover, wheezing, shortness of breath, inability to breathe, speechlessness, etc. The severity of asthma will show different ways of manifesting, and each age group will also have different differential diagnosis.
Generally, babies under 2 years old have wheezing and 8 breathing sounds, which is not necessarily asthma. Disease factors such as bronchioles, lung lesions in premature babies, immature lung development, and vascular malformations that compress the trachea must be ruled out. In addition, gastroesophageal reflux, which causes foreign objects in the trachea, or babies under 1 year old tend to put small things in their mouths and plug the trachea, which will also cause wheezing. Therefore, pediatricians must be more careful in diagnosis and treatment.
Bronchiolitis refers to the inflammation of the tiny trachea in the respiratory tract, which becomes narrow, affecting the baby's breathing. The wheezing sound is the sound of airflow passing through the narrow trachea, mainly caused by respiratory fusion virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, etc. Initially, the symptoms are like a common cold, namely cough, runny nose, accompanied by shortness of breath, asthma, anorexia and other phenomena. If the symptoms are serious and you cannot inhale enough oxygen, cyanosis will occur (slight purple on the face, lips, and ends of limbs).
Asthma Examination and Treatment
If infants and young children have more than 3 attacks of bronchioles, and have a family allergic history and an immunoglobulin E index is too high, it is likely to be an asthma baby.If you suspect that it may be asthma, you can first try treatment, use bronchodilators and steroid hormone drugs to observe whether the baby's symptoms can be improved and track and evaluate regularly.
1
Allergen test
general CAP test, the degree of allergies is divided into levels 0 to 6. The higher the grade, the more sensitive the physical constitution is, the more likely it is to induce asthma attacks. This test can not only allow sick children and parents to understand the source of allergies and avoid contact, but also serve as a basis for a "reduction test".
2
Maintenance medication
mainly controls the tracheal inflammation reaction, and long-term use can stabilize lung function. Currently, commonly used drugs are "inhaled steroids" and "leukotriene receptor antagonists". The efficacy of inhaled steroids is better than leukotriene receptor antagonists. However, many parents have doubts about the use of steroids, so they will choose a leukotriene receptor antagonist that only needs oral administration and is like a small candy a day. In principle, it needs to be used for a long time. The doctor will evaluate and adjust the dose every 3 months according to the efficacy. Do not stop the medication by yourself!
3
Oral steroids
for treating asthma are divided into oral and inhaled. Oral steroids are used for acute attacks because they are prone to side effects such as full moon face, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. They are not cured for the symptoms and not the root cause. Try to stop taking medication within one week.
4
bronchodilator
When asthma occurs, it can be relieved immediately by bronchodilator. But it is also just a symptom and cannot treat tracheal inflammation. If you rely too much on bronchodilator to relieve the symptoms, not only will it not be able to treat asthma, but the efficacy of the medicine will become worse and worse. Doctors recommend that when bronchodilators are frequently used, inhaled steroids or leukotriene receptor antagonists should be used instead.
5
Comprehensive treatment of nasal cavity, respiratory tract and lung
Asthma treatment is not limited to asthma, but requires treatment of the airway starting from the entire nasal cavity together. Because poorly controlled allergic rhinitis and sinusitis can also cause asthma, comprehensive care is the best way to treat asthma. The principle of treating asthma is to "use the least medication to reduce the number of daily attacks to maintain a normal quality of life." Most patients only pay attention to "acute" treatment and ignore maintenance medications, and the recurring attacks will only become more and more serious. Generally, for children with asthma, the early detection and treatment of regular treatment can be well controlled. The lungs will continue to grow in childhood, and the alveolar injuries will be less, and the lung function will be better after growing up.
(Expert in this issue: Lin Sixiang, attending physician of the Department of Children's Allergy and Asthma in Chang Geng Hospital, Linkou)
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