Author: Sasha
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11 November 7 Battle of One HTML Qingdao German Army surrendered to the Japanese Army 1914: Facing the 10 times the Japanese army holds for 2 months
Today in history, follow Sasha to learn half a minute of history every day. On November 7, 1914, the German army in Qingdao surrendered to the Japanese army.
1898 Qingdao was forcibly leased as a colony by Germany, and built military fortresses and military ports, becoming the most important fulcrum of the German army in the Far East.
Today, everyone goes to Qingdao for a trip and can also see the German Governor's Office and the numerous forts built on the mountain.
1897, there were two German priests in Caozhou Prefecture, Juye County (Today, Heze City, ), Shandong Province, who were suddenly killed.
At that time, twenty or thirty people rushed into the church and killed two priests. Another priest escaped by chance in the empty room where the workers lived. It is generally believed that this is done by Yihequan.
Germany immediately used this as an excuse to send troops to occupy Jiaozhou Bay .
On March 6, 1898, Germany forced the Qing government to sign the " Jiaoao Lease Treaty ", obtaining land on Jiaozhou Bay and the north and south sides of the strait, with a lease period of 99 years. The German Navy selected Qingdao and established it as a naval base and port city.
German designed according to German national standards, and quickly developed Qingdao, with a population of 20,000, into the sixth largest city in China with 170,000. Qingdao has built German standard sewers, water plants, power plants, water and electricity pipelines, asphalt roads, green spaces, parks, etc. William II calls it a "German cultural model area".
The Germans regarded Qingdao as an important fulcrum in the Far East and invested huge sums of elites. By 1911, Qingdao became a large port with an annual throughput of 2 million tons, and also built 200 kilometers from Qingdao to Jinan Jiaoji Railway .
Due to the importance of Qingdao, Germany not only stationed a large number of naval and army here, but also built fortifications such as forts and defensive fortifications.
However, the Germans are not optimistic about Qingdao's defense.
This is because Germany has no foothold in Southeast Asia and South Asia. Once war begins, the enemy will definitely block the German sea route to reinforce Qingdao. Qingdao is like being isolated and helpless, and will definitely be captured by the enemy sooner or later, just like the Lushun of the Russo-Japanese War back then.
And Japan has long been eyeing Shandong. At that time, Japan had already controlled North Korea and the southern part of the northeast, and was determined to win the caves separated by a sea.
Shandong is rich in resources and densely populated, and is one of the most important provinces in North China. Once Japan occupies Shandong, it is equivalent to occupying half of North China, and China will only have half of its breath.
Japan was forced to give up the Liaodong Peninsula due to its lack of strength, and the domestic people were angry for decades.
However, Japan's national strength and military strength are far from that of Germany, and they will never dare to be independent and enemies with Germany.
After the outbreak of World War I, Japan, which had been trying to get involved in Shandong, finally waited for the opportunity to decide to defeat the German army and occupy Qingdao.
The German army is not strong in Qingdao, with only 5,000 garrisons (of which the regular army has only 3,300), and 8 warships.
Take warships as an example, the German army only had 2 small cruisers , 2 lightning strike ships and 4 gunboats.
On the contrary, the Japanese army had 4 battleships , 3 armored cruisers , 5 cruisers, 26 destroyers , and 1 seaplane mothership.
The strength of the two sides is very different.
At the same time, the Japanese army can dispatch at least 50,000 troops to participate in the war, and there are also one or two thousand British troops stationed, and the combat troops are ten times that of the German army.
This battle seems to be a sure victory for the Japanese army, but it is not easy.
With the unique rigor of the Germans, the German army built many fortifications in Qingdao, such as 5 coastal defense fortresses: Tuandao fortresses, Xizhen fortresses, Yamen fortresses, Bismarck Mountain fortresses, and Huiquanjiao fortresses.
Three of the turrets also have land defense capabilities.
As for land turrets, there are 4, Bismarck Mountain North Fort, Iltis Mountain North Fort, Iltis Shandong Fort, and Zhongjiawa Fort.
I feel that the war is about to break out, and the German army urgently built 12 temporary fortifications and a large number of infantry defense fortifications in Qingdao.
The entire Qingdao has formed a relatively complete defense system, and the Japanese army cannot occupy it without paying some price.
The Japanese army dispatched up to 50,000 troops to siege Qingdao from September 2.
It should be noted that before the war began, the Chinese government tried to take the opportunity to regain Qingdao.
Beiyang government once contacted Germany and proposed that it could recover other privileges in Qingdao and Germany in Shandong at a high price, and even proposed that some Shandong privileges could be appropriately returned to Germany after the war.
From the perspective of hindsight, if Germany agreed at the time, everyone would be happy. However, Germany's self-supported Qingdao has a tenacious defense, so it is impossible for them to leave it to China without shooting a single shot.
After the failure of contact with Germany, the Beiyang government tried to dispatch 100,000 troops to help Britain and Japan attack Qingdao and take the opportunity to recover.
However, in order to take over Qingdao, Japan joined hands with the United Kingdom to demand that the Beiyang government remain neutral and not participate in the war.
So, the battle of Qingdao has nothing to do with China.
After the war broke out, the two sides fought fiercely.
Although the German army was only one-tenth of the enemy's strength, it still relied on its defensive positions to resist tenaciously. The two sides fought fiercely for two months.
Due to the experience of the Lushun battle, the Japanese army used a large number of heavy weapons this time, including land heavy artillery and warship heavy artillery.
Even the Japanese army used seaplane aircraft carrier aircraft to bomb Qingdao, dropping 200 bombs in front and behind, but only about 10, which still destroyed the German radio station set up on the signal mountain, resulting in the interruption of contact with the local area.
Almost all the German turrets in Qingdao were destroyed by the Japanese army, and almost all the artillery was destroyed.
Finally, the German army announced its surrender on November 7.
Before surrender, the German army blew up all the forts and destroyed all arms and supplies except for hand-held weapons. The troop transport ships, dock facilities, floating docks, cranes, and several 10,000-ton sea ships all sank themselves
In this battle, the German army suffered 700 casualties, while the Japanese army suffered 1,800 casualties.
The Chinese citizens in Qingdao were affected, with a total of 1,500 houses destroyed and nearly 20 million property lost.
During the Japanese army's war, there were many acts of robbery and rape against Chinese civilians. There are more than ten Chinese women who committed suicide due to rape in Ye County alone. On September 15, Maojialing Village, Northwest Township, Jime, was set on fire by the Japanese army, and 10 villagers were beaten to death and injured.
After the Japanese occupied Qingdao, they were forced to withdraw under pressure from the United States for eight years. The Beiyang government was forced to pay 61 million yen. At the same time, Japan made a profit of 51.26 million yuan on the "Jiaoji Railway", plundering Shandong's coal and iron ore made a profit of more than 22.6 million yuan, and port trade income of 110 million yuan.
Although Japan withdraws troops from Shandong, it still retains a lot of privileges, which arouses strong national sentiment among the Chinese people and is also an important reason for the collapse of the Yuan Shikai regime.
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