In recent years, some scholars believe that the old title of Wansi Tong 416 volume "History of Ming Dynasty" was submitted by Xiong Cilu in the 41st year of Kangxi. However, a comment on the small preface at the beginning of the book’s Hequzhi volume, “Shangshu Notes: Liu mistakenly wrote Xue” reveals some different situations. The article mainly studies the journal parts including this notation, and believes that the book was written by the "History of Ming Dynasty" by Xiong Cilujin. It examines its taboo characteristics and refers to previous research. It can be seen that this book is a copy of Xiong Cilujin's 41st year of Kangxi copied by the Ming History Museum in the early years of Yongzheng's revision, and there are many errors and the quality is not high.
For a long time, scholars have discussed a lot of discussions and put forward many convincing statements around the 416-volume "History of Ming Dynasty" written by Vance in the National Library of , but there has been no consensus so far. Recently, the author has some experience when reading this book, and I will remember it as follows. For the convenience of writing, the book is referred to as the 416-volume "History of Ming Dynasty".
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416 volume "History of Ming Dynasty" Volume 85 "Hequ Chronicles" Volume 1: "The Yellow River is the clan of the four dynasties. " Yugong " guides the accumulation of stones, and the dragon gate is detailed, but it is not the source. Han Zhang Qian opens the Western Regions , gets Paoling , Khotan , and communicates with salt lakes. Liu Yuanding, Tang Dynasty Notes: Liu mistakenly became the commander of Xue Chong's Xifan Alliance, saw the three mountains, and flows out of the stream and slow down in the momoli Mountain. Yuandu is truly He was specially recruited by Heyuan, traveled west four times and read the moon. He arrived at Tubo flowers, and there were more than a hundred springs, which could be scattered for seventy or eighty miles. He climbed up to see it, as if it was a long time ago, and it was a famous sea of stars. Since then, it has been collected from China for thousands of miles. It is detailed in " Yuan History ". "This paragraph of Wang Hongxu has been deleted in " Ming History Draft ", and it is not found in the later palace version and "Siku Quanshu" version of "Ming History", so few people pay attention to it. However, the author believes that it contains a lot of important information, and the analysis is as follows.
First of all, the "Shangshu Note: Liu, mistakenly made Xue" in the article attracted the author's attention. Regardless of what the "Shangshu Notes" means, we will first solve the problem of "Liu and Xue" different texts. Following the ideas provided above, we review the "History of Yuan Dynasty". The beginning of the book "Geographical Records 6: Appendix of Heyuan" traces back to the journey of visiting Heyuan in the past. Speaking of the Tang Dynasty, it said: "Xue Yuanding of the Tang Dynasty sent Tubo to visit Heyuan and obtained it from the Mount Manmoli." By comparing the two, we can see that the so-called "mistake" in the 416-volume "History of Ming" should refer to the error of "History of Yuan". So, which one is right or wrong?
" Old Tang Book " Volume 196. "Biography of Tubo" (Part 2) was downloaded: "In June of the first year of Changqing, (Tubo - the author's note) invaded Qingsaibao, because I and the Uighurs were married. Li Wenyue, the governor of Yanzhou, sent troops to attack him. In September, Tubo sent an envoy to ask for the alliance, and the emperor agreed to... He ordered Liu Yuanding, the minister of Dali and the chief censor of the Xifan League to be appointed as the envoy, and Liu Shilao, the doctor of the Ministry of War and the chief censor of the Censor of the Central Censor, as the deputy, Shangshe Fengyu and the chief censor of the Censor Li Wu, and the chief censor of the Jingzhao Prefecture, as the judge." " New Tang Book " Volume 216. "Biography of Tubo" (Part 2) also recorded: "In the first year of Changqing, I heard that the Uighurs married his relatives invaded Qingsaibao, He was expelled by Li Wenyue. He sent the envoy Shang Qilituosi to the court and begged for the alliance, and ordered him to agree... to use Dali's minister Liu Yuanding as the envoy of the alliance, and Liu Shi Lao, the doctor of the right department, and ordered the prime minister to discuss the western suburbs of the capital of the capital, "Cefu Yuangui" Volume 660 "Envoyment Minbian", Volume 981 "External Ministers' Ministry of War·The Oath", Volume 981 "External Ministers' Ministry of Rites·The Oath", Volume 97 of "Tang Huiyao", Volume 97 of "Tang Huiyao", Volume 97 of "Tang Huiyao". In addition, the Qing Dynasty compiled " Complete Tang Wen " Volume 716 includes two texts written by Liu Yuanding when he was sent to Tubo, namely "Enterprise of Envoys with Tubo" and "A Brief Introduction to the Sutra of Envoys to Tubo". In summary, the "History of Yuan Dynasty" stated that Liu Yuanding, the envoy of the alliance who was sent to the Tang court to Tubo, was wrong in writing Xue Yuanding.
However, how did Liu and Xue mistakes come into being? In fact, as early as the early Qing Dynasty, Yan Ruoyu and Hu Wei noticed this problem.In Volume 6, Article 86 of "Shangshu Ancient Literatures", Yan Ruoyu said in "Saidians and Wucheng" that both recognize Meng Jin as the south of the river": "Fuliu saw "The Han Dynasty: The Western Regions Biography" and Li's Notes", while Liu Yuanding, Cai's Biography" "Liu" was written as "Xue", which is not. There was Xue Dading in the Tang Dynasty, but there was no Xue Yuanding. The appendix of "The History of Yuan" Heyuan is also written as Xue, which is similar to the Tubo alliance envoy, and he said that he saw the Heyuan. The "Shi Shi" ordered the Du to recruit the envoy, and went to seek the Heyuan to return the return, and there was no hidden flow." The "Cai's Biography" refers to the "Book Collection" written by Cai Shen in the Southern Song Dynasty. Looking at the Volume 2 of "Shu Ji Biography" "Xia Shu Yu Gong" says: "There is also the "Tang Xue Yuan's trip to Changqingzhong to send Tubo to the southwest of Chengji County, Longxi, and the river originated from , Moheyanji , and the tail is called "Menmoli Mountain"." This is the "Shu Ji Biography" that Liu has written it into Xue. Therefore, Yan provided us with an important clue, that is, the "History of Yuan Dynasty" is likely to be misunderstood by reference to Cai Shen's "Book Collection". So, why did Cai Shen write it wrong? According to Hu Wei in "Yu Gong Ji", "Ouyang Qian's "Yu Di Guang Ji" was written as Xue Yuanding, Cai's "Biography" followed it, and "Yuan History" was also written as Xue, which is probably not true." According to Hu Wei's statement, Cai's "Biography" follows the mistakes of "Yu Di Guang Ji". However, today I checked Huang Pilie "Shiliju Huang Family Series" and reprinted the book "Yu Di Guang Ji" engraved in the Song Dynasty as "Liu". The Sichuan University Press compiled the "Yu Di Guang Ji" and also released the school. The quotation of "Yu Gong Ji" shows that Hu Wei saw "different from this", and the rest of the versions are not different. Therefore, this matter is really complicated. If Hu's speculation is true, then the Song version of "Yu Di Guang Ji" that Cai saw was written as "Xue", so Cai followed the mistakes of the Song people; as for today we can no longer see any complete Song version , although Huang's proofreading is said to be exquisite, it may not be entirely based on the Song version, and there is no way to verify whether there are any changes. If what Cai saw was indeed "Liu", the mistakes of "Liu" and "Xue" may have originated from Cai's or his contemporaries. The Zhu Xi " Zizhi Tongjian Gangmu " (Volume 39 2) and Huang Du "Shu Shu" (Volume 2), which are close to the time of the book "Shu Shu" (Volume 2), are all recorded as "Xue". In fact, Xue Yuanding is indeed a man in history, and he is a member of the Southern Song Dynasty like Cai Shen. His person has no biography of " Song History ", and there are a few Xue's deeds in the "Song Huiyao Edition" compiled by the Qing people. For example, the book "Official Seven" records: "On December 17, 2018, the 19th year of Qiandao, the imperial edict... Xue Yuanding, the young military weapon supervisor, was also the lecturer of the crown prince." "Food and Goods 2" says: "On September 14, 2018, the 19th year of Chunxi, the 19th year of Chunxi, the 19th year of Chunxi, the 19th year of the 19th year of Chunxi, the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of Chunxi, the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of Chunxi, the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of Chunxi, the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the 19th year of the "Book Collection" was established as an official in the second year of Huangqing in the reign of Emperor Renzong of Yuan Dynasty (1313), and became the standard annotation for the "Shangshu" in the imperial examination. "Zizhi Tongjian Gangmu" had a profound impact on later generations. Therefore, although Yan Ruoyu and Hu Wei pointed out this problem in the early Qing Dynasty, they failed to reverse the spread of the error. Today, we still see this error in Baina Book, Dian Book, and the punctuated book "History of Yuan Dynasty" of Zhonghua Book Company, which is a pity.
Secondly, the 416 volume "History of Ming Dynasty" Volume 85 "Hequ Chronicles" Volume 4 mentioned that , the Yuan Dynasty, were actually ordered to visit Heyuan. Check the "History of Yuan Dynasty" Volume 63 "Geographical Records 6•Heyuan Appendix": "In the 17th year of Zhiyuan, the missionary capital was actually a recruitment envoy, wearing gold tiger talisman , and going to seek the source of the river." However, the records in "History of Song Dynasty" Volume 91 "Hequ Chronicles 1•Yellow River" are different from this. It says: "In the 27th year of Dayuan , my Emperor of Shizu, ordered the scholar Pucha to truly explore the source of the river in the west, and then he found out the details. Now the Western Fanduo Gansi Nanbi is the source of the star sea." The seventeenth year of Zhiyuan was 1280 AD, and the twenty-seventh year was 1290 AD. The difference between the two was ten years. What is this? Some predecessors have noticed this problem, but have not yet fundamentally solved it. The following is the trial test.
Based on common sense analysis, "History of Song" was made in "History of Yuan Dynasty" , and "History of Yuan Dynasty" was made in the early Ming Dynasty. The records of the city's visit to Heyuan is also a historical event of the Yuan Dynasty. It is more credible that the former is actually not. According to the later records of "History of Yuan Dynasty", when Dushi visited Heyuan, his younger brother Kuokuochu wanted to follow him. "Later, Hanlin Bachelor Pan Angxiao learned his theory from Dushi's younger brother Kuokuochu and wrote "Heyuan Zhi". Zhu Siben from Linchuan also obtained the Sanskrit book collected by the emperor's teacher from Bali Jisi's family, and translated it in Chinese, and he has detailed and summarized it with Angxiao's ambitions. Now, he took the books of the two schools and examined the theory. If there are any differences, please note it below." Therefore, Pan Angxiao's "Heyuan Zhi" is one of the sources of historical materials in "History of Yuan Dynasty". "Heyuan Zhi" is now in Tao Zongyi's " Nancun Chugenglu " and " Shuoyu ". The 1927 Hanfenlou printed version "Shuo Yu" is now based on the 1927, and a brief explanation is given. Volume 37 of "Shuo Yu" "Heyuan Zhi" says:
, in the 17th year of the Yuan Dynasty, it was in Gengchen. I received the imperial edict: The Yellow River entered China, and the Xia Houshi guided it, and knew that it had accumulated stones. The source of the Han and Tang Dynasties was not available, but now it is my land. I want to build a city, so that the foreigners can trade with each other, and set up navigation... They are the old people of You, who are also learning all kinds of Chinese language, and go to seek peace and harmony, and teach recruitment envoys and wearing golden tiger talismans to perform. I arrived in Hezhou in April of that year. Sixty miles east of the state, there is Ninghe Post. Fifty or sixty miles southwest of the post, the mountain is called Shama Pass, and the forest is the sky clearing. The translation is Taishidaban. Start your feet and sleep high, and you will reach the top of your schedule. West is more than high. After reading the moon for four months, it was about four or five thousand miles away, and it was time to reach the Heyuan. When winter returned, I heard about the location of Tucheng. Shangyue went to the camp and gave him the marshal of Tufan and other places, and he still had the golden tiger talisman. The labourers were appointed to supervise the worker, and the workers were fully invested in the mainland. The construction of the voyage was sixty years old, and the city's work was completed. When Kuokuo came out of the post office, he heard that his elder brother was in charge of the army and did not return. He was so frustrated that he stopped. The next year, my brother was really in the capital.
Note: Although the "17th year of Zhiyuan" in "Heyuan Zhi" may have been leaked from the "27th year of Zhiyuan", the incident that occurred at that time "Secret Brother Conquers Kun Ge Hidden" is correct, so it can be assumed that the time of the capital is actually the culprit of Heyuan in Xiqiong. "Xiang Ge" means Sang Ge , which is a biography of Volume 205 of "History of Yuan Dynasty". "Kun Ge Zang Bu" is the second Bin Qin of Wusizang in the early Yuan Dynasty (the Tubo people are called the title of the highest administrative officer appointed by the imperial court) Gongga Sangbu. Chen Qingying mentioned in "The Chronicle of Uszang Benqin of the Yuan Dynasty": "In the visit to Heyuan in Tao Zongyi's " Chugenglu ", he said that after visiting the source of the Yellow River, they planned to build a city and sail at the source of the Yellow River. It happened that Sang Ge (Xiang Ge) led his army back to conquer Gongga Sangbu, and then gave up after Sang Ge tried his best to dissuade him." It can be seen that "Sang Ge's attack on Kun Ge" refers to the incident of Sang Ge leading his army to Tibet to conquer Gongga Sangbu. In addition, the "History of Han and Tibetan History" records: "Because the master Basiba did not like Gongga Sangbu, Emperor Xue Chan issued an edict and sent Prime Minister Sangge to lead 100,000 Mongolian troops to march to Canglongba, capture Kangmashi City, and then surrounded Jiaruocang, and executed Benqin Gongga Sangbu in the year of Tielong (Gengchen, 1280 AD). "Therefore, Gongga Sangbu was killed in the 17th year of Zhiyuan, and Dushi and Kuokuo were ordered to travel west several months before this. At this point, it can be seen that Dushi should have visited Heyuan in the 17th year of Zhiyuan, not the 27th year of Zhiyuan.
From the above two tests, we can see that in the 416-volume "History of Ming Dynasty", the short text actually contains two unsolved problems, and it is also a trace of the history of visiting river sources in previous dynasties. It has no significance for narrating the situation of river canals in the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, the person who deleted the path of Hengyun Mountain is also a meaning that is appropriate in the title.
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Let us return to the 416 volume "History of Ming Dynasty" itself. Regarding the time and nature of its writing, there is a saying that the book was submitted by Xiong Cilu, the CEO of Ming History Supervisor in the 41st year of Kangxi (1702). Zhu Duanqiang first proposed this speculation. Yi Ruolan and Wang Xuanbiao both held this view. The three of them analyzed the relationship between the book and the 416 volume "History of Ming" submitted by Xiong Cilu from the perspectives of historical knowledge, the content and narrative and theories. However, after carefully checking the banknote, I found that the actual situation was not exactly the case.
determines the date of the banknote written according to the principle of taboo avoidance. It can be seen that the actual banknote was written during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty.First, the characters "Yin" in the catalog of " Du Yinxi ", "Ji Wenyin", "Shen Jiayin" and other words are all written as "", and the last stroke is missing, and " Yan Yinshao " is changed to "Yan Yushao", and the text is the same; the characters "Yin" in " Yiwenzhi " are all changed to "Si". It can be seen that what he avoided should be the name of Emperor Yongzheng "Yinzhen". I will not avoid the word "hong" in the book again. From this we can see that the banknote should have been formed during the Yongzheng period. Secondly, the book changes "Yi" to "Yi" or "", and "Qiu" and "Zhen" do not avoid taboos. In addition, avoiding "Yin" taboos are consistent with the taboos in the old banknote "Ming History and Arts and Literature" collection of the library affiliated to Kyoto University in Japan. According to the judgment of Japanese scholar Inoue, the banknote is scheduled to be in the early years of Yongzheng. The author has carefully compared the "Yiwenzhi" in the 416 volumes and found that the two are surprisingly consistent in classification, recording order and specific content of the entries. Conservatively speaking, these two are due to the fact that the content is very close or even the same original version, and it is very likely that the banknote was made in the same period. In summary, the author believes that the 416-volume "History of Ming Dynasty" was completed in the early years of Yongzheng.
Despite this, the banknote is likely to be produced by the banknotes of the Kangxi period. It is undeniable that the papers of Zhu Duanqiang, Yi Ruolan and Wang Xuanbiao provide us with a very important clue to uncover the identity mystery of the 416-volume "History of Ming Dynasty", namely the relationship with Xiong Cilujin presented. In particular, Yi Ruolan compared the 416-volume "History of Ming" with the "History of Ming" in the Shanghai Library's collection, and found that the annotations made by the latter were reflected in the former. This shows that the completion of the 416-volume reference at least the "History of Ming" by Xiong Cilu, but it is more likely that it is referenced to the 416-volume "History of Ming" submitted by Xiong Cilu. From the opening of the Ming History Museum in the early Qing Dynasty to the completion of the Qianlong Dynasty, the "History of Ming Dynasty" was only two, which claimed to be 416 volumes. One was the 416 volume draft of the "History of Ming Dynasty" mentioned by Yang Chun, but the draft was formed earlier and the quality was relatively rough; the other was Xiong Cili's copy, which was revised on the basis of the Xu draft. Since the 416 volumes are closely related to Xiong's "Bill of Ming History", it is more likely that his money is given to Xiong to give a copy. It would be too coincidental to say that the manuscript was made up of pieces and pieces that could form such a complete structure, and the total number of volumes and the number of chapters of the chronicles, chronicles, tables and biography are consistent with Kumamoto .
So to what extent does this banknote reflect Xiong Cilu’s submitted version? We believe that in addition to avoiding the word "Take" it is likely that the copy of Kumamoto's "History of Ming Dynasty" was copied intact. As for the document form of the 416 volume, except for the only four annotations in the text, the overall writing of the banknotes is very regular, with almost no trace of smearing, and there should be no situation of modifying the banknotes while changing them. In addition, in April of the 42nd year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1703), Emperor Kangxi issued an edict on Xiong Cilujin's "History of Ming Dynasty": "This book contains Yang Lian and Zuo Guangdou died in the prison of Beizhen Fusi. Hearing that these two people were killed by imperial sticks in front of the Meridian Gate, eunuchs and others were sent out with cloth. As for the martyr who followed Chongzhen, it was eunuch Wang Chengen, so Emperor Shizu Zhang wrote an essay to sacrifice and erected a monument. This book contains eunuch King's heart and erected a stele, which was wrong in the Ming Dynasty. ...Xuan Grand Secretary and others replied: Xiong Cilu and others followed the order to conduct detailed investigations. The eunuch who died in Chongzhen was Wang Chengen, not the king's intention, and should be corrected according to the order. As for Zuo Guangdou and Yang Lian, they investigated the books and all of them died in the prison of the North Town Fushi, so they wrote them according to the books. "Emperor Kangxi pointed out that the king's intention was wrong and ordered the correction. Later, the books should be changed to Wang Chengen, and Wang Hongxu's "Draft History of Ming", the Palace Edition and the "Siku Quanshu" "History of Ming Dynasty" have been corrected. However, after checking the 416-volume "History of Ming Dynasty", it was found that his writings were still kingly, and such major mistakes were not corrected. It can be seen that the book should have recorded Xiong Cili's "History of Ming Dynasty".
Why did you need to record such a "History of Ming Dynasty" in the early years of Yongzheng? We know that after Xiong Cilu reported the book, in June of the first year of Yongzheng, Wang Hongxu submitted his 310 volumes of "Draft History of the Ming Dynasty of Hengyun Mountain". However, a month later, Emperor Yongzheng ordered: "There is a history of the Ming Dynasty, which has been compiled many times, but it has not yet been written... Now it is a hundred years since the Ming Dynasty is about to be released. Fortunately, the brief records still exist, so the rumors about the old man are not far away.The literary minister should be ordered to lead the matter and carefully select Confucian ministers to be trained according to their duties. I will visit the people who are loyal and well-versed in the mountains and forests again to edit them together so that everyone can show their strengths and make compromises to make perfect choices. To become a generation of trusted history, it is enough to show its infinite. "In "Compilation of Ming History of the Yongzheng Dynasty", Chen Yongming speculated that Emperor Yongzheng seemed to be not satisfied with the manuscripts completed by Xiong, Wang and others. In the emperor's mind, this historical revision work is not limited to deleting simple words and sentences of manuscripts completed by Xiong, Wang and others, but requires large-scale re-editing. If so, in addition to citing knowledgeable people, it is advisable to widely collect original manuscripts of the History Museum. For historical revision work, how to use the manuscripts of the Kangxi period to compile "History of Ming" is a major issue facing Yang Chun and others . Regarding the picture and book situation in the Ming History Museum during the Yongzheng period, Chen Wen quoted a memorial on the Longkodo on the first year of the Yongzheng period, indicating that the manuscripts of the Ming History of Ming Dynasty were written by Xiong Cilu, and there were very few books in the Ming History Museum. So, when the manuscripts of the Xu Yuanwen era were seriously dispersed, they could not avoid this Xiong Cilu's copy of the Ming History of Ming Dynasty. Therefore, in the early years of Yongzheng, a kind of copy of Xiong Cilu used as correction appeared and Not surprising. In particular, Yang Chun strongly advocated "to discuss existing books in detail with the draft of the history of the king and the king" and "re-establishing the draft volume", and wrote fifty volumes of biographies of the Nine Dynasties in the sixth year of Yongzheng. It can be inferred that the appearance of this book may be closely related to Yang Chun, that is, Yang proposed to the History Museum to record Xiong's "History of Ming Dynasty". After approval by President Zhang Tingyu, it was finally presented as the 416 volumes of "History of Ming Dynasty". We can find that the previous and after the book was different, and there should be more than one person who recorded the book, or it may be the transcriptionist of the History Museum. However, during the Yongzheng period, The overall compilation work is still deleted and polished by Wang Hongxu's "Draft History of Ming Dynasty" as the basic version, and finally formed the Wuying Palace version of "History of Ming Dynasty", which is a later story. At this point, let us use the 416-volume "History of Ming Dynasty" to examine the quality of Xiong Cilujin's submitted version. There are slight differences in the memorial, biography and the completeness of the
416-volume "History of Ming Dynasty" in the middle, biography and the dynasty of the "History of Ming Dynasty". Among them, the quality of "Zhi" is not high. The reasons are as follows. First, "Attached in the Later" and "I'm concerned... …”, “same as above” and other words, but they are rare in the later "History of Ming Dynasty". For example, the notes in the text say: “All the departments have real lands attached to the back”. After the military field in the end of the "Bingwei Zhi" said: “This is the general purpose of the system, and I see it in "Food and Goods Zhi" for details.” In addition, the biography of the author attached to "Yiwen Zhi" has repeatedly appeared "not knowing the times" and "not knowing the surname". Second, there are some obvious unfinished or vacant content. "Yiwen Zhi" " Qu Jiusi "Six Classics and Waiting Records" 30 The lower two rows of small notes say: "Huangmei people, Wanli □□ Juren..." After Wanli, the empty number of squares was written again, obviously to be investigated or supplemented. There are many similar situations. Also, "Qian Shijun's "Spring and Autumn Hu Chuanyi" thirty volumes", the lower notes say: "Changshu people, Jiajing □□ Jinshi", also null number of squares, but this record is completely wrong, because Qian was actually a Jinshi in the Jiachen year of Wanli. Third, the article mentioned at the beginning of the article "Shangqu Zhi" "Shangqu Zhi" " Book notes: Liu mistakenly wrote Xue”, it should be noted that these words are clarified in the main text, and the main text has also changed "Xue" to "Liu". It can be seen that this annotation is an inherent content in Kumamoto's "History of Ming Dynasty", not a supplement made by the Yongzheng period writer. Moreover, this annotation should be used in the original manuscript for examination or correction. Based on the above clues, it can be roughly seen that the double-line notes such as "Yuxiang's Book" in "Zhi", including the empty words and errors, as well as the inter-line examination, all imply that it is a relatively original version, and its source of the document is The achievements of the "Ming History Museum" in the Xu Yuanwen era. Xiong continued to use Xu's draft and slightly deleted it. "However, it was completed very quickly. It was not easy to understand that Wenduan Pavilion was responsible for its extensive work, and it was not time to examine the matter." Therefore, many loopholes were left behind. Finally, the traces of the book's banknotes were obvious, and there were many omissions. The most obvious one was the "Yiwenzhi". The official history of the history department of the chronicle, from "Liu Yingqiu and others, "40 volumes of "The Emperor's Seven Dynasties of the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty" to " Wu Shiqi "Old Book of the Emperor of the Emperor" of the Emperor's Ming Dynasty" twice, which was obviously the mistakes in the banknotes.The two articles of "Zhang Yuan's "Yupo Memorial" and "Deng Xianqi's "Meng Hong Memorial" are adjacent to the two articles. The author's resumes are both written as "Zheng De Jiaxu Jinshi, deputy of the pedestrian department, advised the southern tour, and were beaten with a stick." However, when checking the "Qianqingtang Bibliography", it is known that the previous article should be "Zheng De Jiaxu Jinshi, a military minister, a military minister, a military minister, a great ceremony, and a stick is killed with a stick", and the statement is consistent with Zhang Yuan's experience, so this article is actually a mistake in writing the banknote. There are many such mistakes in the book, which shows that the writing of the first copy of Yongzheng was also relatively rough and had not been carefully corrected.
It is worthy of interest to note that regarding the aforementioned "Shangshu Notes", although in terms of classics, "Shangshu Notes" should refer to Zheng Xuan's notes, considering the common phenomenon of proxy and abbreviation in the writing, it is not ruled out that it refers to other "Shangshu Notes". For example, Zhao Mengfu of the Yuan Dynasty wrote the "Book of the Book of Documents", while Chen Taijiao of the Ming Dynasty studied the fallacies of Cai's "Book of the Book of Documents". However, what book does the "Shangshu Notes" here refer to? We believe that what it refers to is probably Cai Shen’s "Book Collection". As mentioned earlier, Yan Ruoyu and Hu Wei discovered this mistake in Cai Shen's book in the early Qing Dynasty. Yan Ruoyu and Hu Wei entered the shogunate of the Xu brothers, and they had close contacts and would not be discussed in detail. Second Xu was revised by the historical draft by the supervisor and the president. He could refer to the drafts of Yan and Hu's books and even private discussions, and annotate them with a large stroke of his pen. Therefore, this leads to the second possibility, that is, "Shangshu" refers to an official position. In the early period of the Kangxi period, the editor-in-chief of the Ming History Museum was appointed as the "Shangshu" by Xu Qianxue and Xiong Cilu. Xiong also used Xu Pao, so what he referred to was Xu Qianxue. No matter whether the above two situations are true, it seems that the role Yan and Hu play in the discovery of this problem by the History Museum cannot be ruled out. As for whether there is a necessary connection with their final works "Shangshu Ancient Literature Verses" and "Yu Gong Ji Finger", it seems less important.
Now, let’s start with the 416 volume of Xu Yuanwen’s “Draft of History of Ming Dynasty”. The nature of this manuscript should be a manuscript compiled by Vanstong during his time as the chief executive of the Ming History Museum. During the Kang and Yong periods, Yang Dahe and Yang Chun and his son studied "History of Ming Dynasty" and were very familiar with the compilation situation at that time. In the "Letter of the President of the Shangming Jian Gangmu Pavilion", Yang Chun discussed the process and whereabouts of Xu's book: "In the 18th year of the (Kangxi), Zhang Peng, from the 19th year of the service, ordered Xu Gong, the cabinet scholar of Kunshan, to be the supervisor... and fifty people entered the Hanlin area and sixteen other people including the right son Lu Junqi to compile the compilation... The supervisor Xu Gongfa made an example. After twelve years, the historical draft was roughly prepared, and there were 416 volumes... The book was short but incomplete, and it was not uniform. Although the manuscript was prepared, he did not dare to make progress... In the winter of the 411th year, Xiong Gong came to the merchants to submit it to the public, but he still submitted it to the cabinet for a detailed review. "There was no pleasure in reading it, so he ordered it to be handed over to the cabinet for a closer look." Xu Gong was repaired around the 29th year of the Kangxi year. From the quotations, we can see that although the manuscript was incomplete, it should have generally fully possessed the structure of transcripts, biography, expressions, and encyclopedias, but the specific content was not complete. Since then, Wansi Tongguan continued to proofread and add the manuscript in Wang Hongxu's mansion. However, until the death of Wan's family in the 41st year of Kangxi, only the authors approved the document and the biography, and at least the part of the journal has not been revised in detail. Li Jun, a man at that time, said in "The Biography of Wan Jiye": "Ji Ye compiled the "History of Ming Dynasty" and the records and the records were completed, but there was still a lack of signs and ambitions... Wang Shangshu came to worship and wanted to invite my fellow practitioners "History of Ming Dynasty". I was reluctant to thank him. Nothing, Ji Ye soldiers, and I did not go to the Shangshu family, so I went to bed." Fang Bao also said in "The Table of Tombs of Wan Jiye": "There are 460 volumes of the biography and biography written by Ji Ye, but the ambitions have not been completed." These two people said that the number of volumes they completed seemed unreliable, but at least they revealed such information: Wan's subsequent proofreading work was not completed. In fact, Wansitong's main contribution in the compilation of Ming history should be to assist Wang Hongxu in writing the biography of Ming history in this stage. In the early stage, he was more like acting as an advisor to conduct unified manuscripts rather than actual writers. By the 41st year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Xiong Cilu's previous draft was the basic version, and it was slightly deleted and polished by the biographies approved by Wansitong, so it was submitted to Xiong Cilu for 416 volumes of "History of Ming Dynasty". Since Xu Huo was briefly revised and submitted by Xiong Cilu, he no longer has an independent status. What Yang Chun said was actually a draft submitted by Xiong, because he could only see the draft.This is as far as Xiong submitted the "History of Ming Dynasty". However, before this, there was a Xu draft that was used as the basis for Xiong Cilu. Yang Chun said that the number of volumes was 416, which may be wishful thinking. Even anyone's statement about the number of volumes of any "History of Ming Dynasty" before Kumamoto was unreliable, because it was still in the initial stage of revision, and the number of volumes of the chapters was not stable.
Under such unstable conditions, in addition to many loopholes in the Xiong family's edition, there are also remnants of different texts such as "Shangshu Notes". Such texts may be copied by a compilation officer of the Second Xu during the period when he was supervising the "History of Ming Dynasty" between the lines. Who is probably not to be able to examine them. Unfortunately, Xiong Cilu had not carefully proofreaded the manuscript and hurriedly submitted it. Whether it was political factors or the poor quality of the historical books themselves, the "displeasure of reading the above" is an indisputable fact. This may be the most appropriate evaluation of Xiong Cili's book "History of Ming Dynasty". After that, by the early years of Yongzheng, the History Museum compiled Kumamoto and created 416 volumes of "History of Ming Dynasty", and the missed and repeated repeated ones were seen again, and the quality was below it.
Document source: "Chinese Classics and Culture" Issue 1, 2016, pages 62-69.
Author Profile: Qin Li, female, from Changzhi, Shanxi Province, is a doctoral student at the School of History of Nankai University. Her research direction is a comparative study of Chinese history and Chinese and foreign history. At present, a book called "Shijian: Traditional Chinese Historiography" (cooperating with his mentor Professor Sun Weiguo), has published many papers in academic journals such as "Sinology Research" (Taiwan), "Historical Theory Research", "Historical History Research", "Chinese Classics and Culture", and "Asia-Pacific Research Theory Series".
