Why are the Red Army reorganized into the Eighth Route Army? Why are there six masters? And why are they? What's the ending?
Zhu De and Mao Zedong
1936, the Red Army went to northern Shaanxi in the Long March, and the three main forces met, staged a magnificent drama in human history. But compared to when we set out from Ruijin two years ago, the situation in China has undergone tremendous changes. This is a history of storm for China. The Japanese invaders' iron hooves have already traveled to , , and then extended their claws to North China, intending to launch a full-scale invasion of China.
Under pressure from national and global progressive forces, the Kuomintang had to stop the civil war and unanimously to the outside world. After negotiations, the main force of the Red Army who had already reached northern Shaanxi and the former Shaanxi Red Army were reorganized into the Eighth Route Army. Later, the Red Army guerrillas in the eight southern provinces that remained in the Soviet area were reorganized into the New Fourth Army.
The Eighth Route Army is a legendary team and an iron army of anti-Japanese war. Although it was renamed the 18th Army shortly after its establishment, the name of the "Eighth Route Army" has been passed down and has become synonymous with the anti-Japanese armed forces.
Eighth Route Army armband
Among the anti-Japanese armed forces under the leadership of the Communist Party of China , the Eighth Route Army is the main force, while the New Fourth Army can only be regarded as a partial division. When the title was awarded in 1955, nine out of the ten marshals came from the Eighth Route Army, which is very telling.
When the Eighth Route Army had just formed an army, all sectors of society were extremely excited and sent out electricity to congratulate them, hoping that the Eighth Route Army could go to the battlefield of the Anti-Japanese War as soon as possible and show its national prestige. The Kuomintang political leaders, including Bai Chongxi, also expressed their great confidence in the Eighth Route Army.
The highest leadership body of the Eighth Route Army is composed of the chief and deputy commander-in-chief, with Zhu De and Peng Dehuai respectively, and these two are the top two of the top ten marshals; the staff organization is led by the chief and deputy chief of staff, Ye Jianying and Zuo Quan. Ye Jianying became one of the top ten marshals in 1955, ranking last. Zuo Quan died on the battlefield of the Anti-Japanese War and had no military rank. If he participated in the award of rank, he was likely to be a general. In addition, the General Political Department during the Red Army period also became the Political Department of the Eighth Route Army, with Ren Bishi and Deng Xiaoping as the Chief and Deputy Directors of the Political Department.
Zhou Enlai and Peng Dehuai
Many friends who don’t know much about this history want to know where the Eighth Route Army’s troops came from? Why are there three main players? What is the relationship between these three main divisions and the three main forces of the Red Army? What are the six masters and commanders of the three main divisions of the Eighth Route Army? Why are these people in such important positions? In the end, what was their ending on the battlefield? The topic of
is simple, but it is not easy to express it clearly in one sentence or two.
First of all, let’s discuss the relationship between the three main forces of the Red Army and the three main divisions of the Eighth Route Army. Once this problem is clarified, other problems will be solved easily.
Top Ten Marshals
We all know that the Red Army has three main forces, namely the Central Leaders such as Zhu Mao and other central leaders and Central Organization (i.e. the Red Front Army), the Red 2nd Front Army led by He Long and Xiao Ke, and the Red 4th Front Army led by Xu Xiangqian and Wang Shusheng. There are only three Red Front Armys here. This organization was originally reserved for Peng Dehuai, but General Peng was generous and did not agree. Therefore, the Red Army had a total of the above three main forces.
Central Red Army (Red 1 Front Army) is reorganized into the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army
If the Central Red Army traces its roots, it can be traced back to Nanchang Uprising and Autumn Harvest Uprising . After these two uprising teams met in Jinggangshan , they created the first Red Army, namely the Red 4th Army headed by Zhu Mao. After the Zhu Mao Red Army came down from Jinggangshan , it gradually opened up the Central Soviet Area with Gannan and western Fujian as the core, because later the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also moved from Shanghai to Ruijin and established the Central Provisional Government of the Chinese Soviet Union. The headquarters of the Red Army is also here. This is the origin of the name of the Central Soviet Area, which is why the Red 1 Front Army is also called the Central Red Army.
After the failure of the "fifth anti-encirclement and suppression", the Central Red Army was forced to abandon Ruijin and go westward.After experiencing mountains and rivers, and after all the difficulties and difficulties, they defeated the Kuomintang Central Army and various warlords, crossed several snow-capped mountains, crossed many rivers, and finally arrived in the northwest, meeting with Liu Zhidan and the Shaanxi-North Korean Red Army led by Xu Haidong who arrived in advance.
He Long, Luo Ruiqing and Lin Biao
When the Eighth Route Army was established in 1937, the Central Red Army, namely the Red 1st Front Army, plus some of the Shaanxi-North Shaanxi Red Army, was reorganized into the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army. The two commanders of the 115th Division were the division commander Lin Biao and the deputy division commander Nie Rongzhen.
Lin Biao's revolutionary career began with the Nanchang Uprising, but at that time he was just an ordinary company commander and had limited influence. Lin Biao's real rise started from the Jinggangshan period. Mao Zedong and Zhu De discovered his military genius, so his position was basically promoted once in a battle. By the eve of the Central Red Army's Long March, he had grown into the commander of the Red Army's absolute main Red 1 Corps.
The partner of Lin Biao is Nie Rongzhen, a political commissar of the Red Army. This early revolutionary who traveled to Europe was an instructor of the Whampoa Military Academy. He also participated in the leadership of the Nanchang Uprising and also had experience studying abroad in the Soviet Union. After entering the Central Soviet Area from Shanghai, Nie Rongzhen served as deputy director of the General Political Department of the Red Army. He cooperated with Lin Biao to serve as the political commissar and jointly led the Red Army. Many of the glories of Nie Rongzhen's life were directly related to Lin Biao, such as the period of the 1st Red Army, the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army, and the three major battles during the decisive battle between Pingjin.
Nie Rongzhen
Although Lin Biao was the commander of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army, his appearance rate was not high in the War of Resistance Against Japan. He first fought a beautiful ambush. He won the victory of Pingxingguan in , and then he missed most of the Anti-Japanese War because he was accidentally injured by friendly forces from Yan Xishan . Even though After his comeback, he basically worked in the rear and never led troops. However, the War of Liberation made Lin Biao shine. He was chased by the Kuomintang army in the Northeast and escaped from the Songhua River and almost fled to the Soviet Union. Then he counterattacked and was invincible in the Northeast. It took only two months to liberate the entire northeast. Then he chased and died all the way, and fought to Hainan Island and liberation of most of China.
In 1955, Lin Biao was awarded the rank of marshal, ranking third, second only to Zhu De and Peng Dehuai, two insurmountable mountains. Nie Rongzhen, deputy commander of the
115 Division, happened to be the opposite of Lin Biao. His highlight moments occurred in the War of Resistance Against Japan. He led a unit of the 115th Division to establish a Jin-Cha-Hebei anti-Japanese base center centered on Mount Wutai, becoming a sharp nail behind the enemy, which had a profound impact on the direction of war in later generations and became a powerful North China Military Region in the War of Liberation. Nie Rongzhen also took the initiative to become the commander of the North China Military Region.
In 1955, Nie Rongzhen was awarded the rank of marshal, ranking 9th, second to Xu Xiangqian and higher than Ye Jianying.
Xiao Ke and He Long
Red 2 Front Army are reorganized into the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army
Red 2 Front Army is a special team among the three main forces of the Red Army.
said that she is special because the two main components of the Red 2 Front Army are the Red 2 Corps, with He Long as the commander of the legion, and the other is the Red 6 Corps, with Xiao Ke as the commander of the legion.
In fact, the Red 6th Army originally belonged to the Central Red Army. On the eve of the Long March, the Red 6th Army, as an advance team, explored the way for a large group of people, and went westward. It fought fiercely with tens of thousands of troops of the Kuomintang warlords, and was almost disbanded. Finally, it was able to join He Long's Red 2nd Army.
The existence of the Red 2 and 6 legions is of great significance. The goal of the Central Red Army in the early stage of the Long March was to go to , Xiangxi , and meet with the Red 2 and 6 legions. During the Long March, after joining the Red 4th Front Army, the Red 2 and 6th Corps were ordered to merge into the Red 2nd Front Army, with He Long and Xiao Ke as the commander-in-chief.
What is little known is that He Long and Xiao Ke are not only comrades and comrades, but also brother-in-law.
He Long and Xiao Ke
When the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army, the Red 2 Front Army and some Shaanxi-North Red Army were reorganized into the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army, and He Long and Xiao Ke naturally became the chief and deputy commanders of the 120th Division.
He Long is the most legendary figure among the senior generals. He is generous and hates evil.He became the commander of the National Revolutionary Army very early on. In order to seek truth, he resolutely abandoned his wealth and wealth to join the revolutionary ranks and served as the commander-in-chief of the Nanchang Uprising. At that time, he was not a Communist Party member, and he joined the party on the way to the south. In 1955, He Long was awarded the rank of marshal by the Central Military Commission, ranking fifth, behind Liu Bocheng, before Chen Yi and .
Xiao Ke was a student of Mao Zedong. He was upright in character. To be honest, after the end of the Anti-Japanese War, he served as deputy commander of the North China Military Region and chief of staff of the Fourth Field Army. When he was awarded the rank of general in 1955, he was also the only one among the six masters of the Eighth Route Army who was not a marshal. But Xiao Ke didn't care. He had many talents. His novel " Blood Luo Xiao " won the Mao Dun Literature Award and Honorary Award. He was also a long-lived general. He was 102 years old when he died of illness in Beijing on October 24, 2008.
Luo Ronghuan, He Long and Nie Rongzhen
Red 4 Front Army was reorganized into the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army
Red 4 Front Army was once the most powerful Red Army team. When they met with the Central Red Army, the Central Red Army had reduced its personnel to less than 20,000 due to continuous fierce battles with the enemy, but the Red 4 Front Army had 80,000 people.
Red 4 Front Army is a heroic army, from the old revolutionary base Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet Area, with Xu Xiangqian, the most famous commander of the Red Army. Xu Xiangqian is the god of war in the Red Army. He was the first among the senior Red Army generals to lead large corps to fight. When his Huangpu classmate commanded a unit of 10,000 or 20,000 troops at most, Xu Xiangqian had already led 100,000 Red Army to gallop.
Red 4 Front Army also carried out the Long March. After leaving Hubei, Henan and Anhui, Xu Xiangqian led his army to open up the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area and sought to meet with the Central Red Army crossing the northward Yangtze River. There, Xu Xiangqian's command talent was fully utilized, and warlords from all walks of life in Sichuan trembled when they heard Xu Xiangqian's name.
Xu Xiangqian and Deng Xiaoping
1937, the Red 4th Front Army, together with a part of the Shaanxi-North Shaanxi Red Army, was reorganized into the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army. The division commander was Liu Bocheng, the former chief of the General Staff of the Red 4th Front, who fought together for more than a year in the Long March, and the deputy division commander was Xu Xiangqian, the old commander of the Red 4th Front Army.
However, the pair did not cooperate for a long time. Liu Bocheng and the new political commissar Deng Xiaoping (the former political commissar of the 129th Division and Lin Biao's cousin, Zhang Hao, took over his position) went to open the anti-Japanese base in Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan, and Xu Xiangqian went to Shandong and was transferred back to Yan'an in 1940. Liu Bocheng and Xu Xiangqian joined hands again in the War of Liberation. They were appointed as the chief and deputy commanders of the Shanxi Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region, but the cooperation time was separated soon. Liu and Deng's army jumped into the Dabie Mountains, while Xu Xiangqian led the militia left by Liu Deng to upgrade and fight monsters. After a series of highlight operations, he successfully liberated the entire Shanxi area.
In 1955, Liu Bocheng and Xu Xiangqian were both awarded the rank of marshal, one ranked fourth and the other ranked eighth.
Mao Zedong and Liu Bocheng
Overview
After the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army, since the 6 commanders were the main military officers of the three major Red Army respectively, it is normal and a continuation for them to continue to lead their own troops. The only difference here is Liu Bocheng. He is not the military chief of the Red 4th Front Army, but he cannot say that the Red 4th Front Army has no origin at all. When the Red 4th Front Army turned around and headed north, Liu Bocheng, as the chief of staff of the Red Army, always followed the Red 4th Front Army with the Commander-in-Chief Zhu De.
6 The 6 chief commanders and deputy commanders of the three main divisions of the Eighth Route Army. In the 1955 grand rank, a total of 5 people won the rank of marshal. They were Lin Biao, Nie Rongzhen, He Long, Liu Bocheng and Xu Xiangqian, while Xiao Ke was awarded the rank of general. But Xiao Ke is the first general. He was awarded the rank of general with his qualifications, which is indeed relatively low. But in this way, some people who think that the rank of low are nothing to say when they look at Xiao Ke, so there is no such thing as "General of Xiao Ke Town".
Among the 6 commanders of the three main divisions of the Eighth Route Army, the 115th Division has emerged in total three marshals. In addition to Lin Biao and Nie Rongzhen, there is also political commissar Luo Ronghuan, who ranked first in "the commander-in-chief"; the second is the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army, two marshals: Liu Bocheng and Xu Xiangqian, but political commissar Deng Xiaoping is actually on the list of marshals, but because he has transferred to the local area and has not participated in the awarding of ranks, it should be considered three marshals; the 120th Division has emerged in one marshal and one general, which is also very honorable.
Luo Ruiqing, Nie Rongzhen, Xu Xiangqian, Tao Zhu, Ye Jianying, Chen Yi, Liu Bocheng, Lin Biao, He Long and Luo Ronghuan
