Written by | Sanshu
There are as many farewells as you meet, even if you catch a glimpse of a river flashing outside the window on the train, and a smile of a stranger in your sleep.
movie "The Fantasy Drift of the Young Pi", when the young Pi was finally rescued, watching the tiger Richard walk towards the jungle without looking back, he began to cry loudly. Richard did not say goodbye to him, but just stayed by the jungle for a moment, and then disappeared forever. The adult school later concluded: "I know that life is about constantly letting go... I just regret not being able to say goodbye."
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The confidant in the sea, as if he is close to the world
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"Send Du Shaofu to Shuzhou"
Wang Bo
City palace assists the Three Qins, and the wind and smoke look at the five Tianjins.
I am parting with you, both are official travelers.
The world is full of friends, and the world is like neighbors.
Inaction is in the way of the world, and children share the scarf.
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Farewell is a major event in the daily life of the Tang Dynasty poets. They may hold a formal banquet and give away, or ride a horse to a long pavilion to send off, and give poems before parting, which has a strong sense of ritual. Among all kinds of farewell poems, the most common one is the scene in this poem. Friends are frustrated in their career and are about to be exiled. At this time, they need to bid farewell well.
When Wang Bo was only in his early twenties when he wrote this rather "her-aged" poem. He died young by accident at the age of 27, leaving behind many mature classics. For example, this farewell poem, although he is still young, his vision of the world is already in his twilight years. Perhaps there has never been a so-called "youth writing". The vision of all good poems comes from the old age, the old age of ten minutes.
You can see that he is giving away a sad friend after reading the title. Du Shao’s mansion was demoted and transferred from outside Chang’an to the remote Shu area. How should we comfort and say goodbye when we part? Saying some inspiring empty words without the title, or accompanying friends to sigh and cry and hate the injustice of the world, may not really play a role in soothing and blessing.
The first two sentences not only describe the objective environment of farewell, but have never been "objective". The world is the reflection of our soul, and you are what you see. "City and palace assist the Three Qins", the power of power is suppressed, and the irresistible reality is as stable as Mount Tai, and the mood is immediately conveyed at the beginning. Chang'an is as stable as the center of the universe, and where friends want to go is also the direction of their friends' life. It is confused on the Yangtze River, that is, "the wind and smoke look at the five worlds." When the two sentences contrast, you will feel infinitely sad.
The second couplet "I am a farewell to you, and I am a traveler in the same businessman." Although Wang Bo himself stayed in Chang'an, the mood of these two sentences was very empathetic. Compared to writing poetry, what is actually more difficult is to spend a lifetime, and what is more important is to understand and feel each other's misfortune. The fate of others is the fate that is or is about to happen to us. A tree suffers, and we suffers for it.
"There are friends in the sea, and the world is like neighbors." These two sentences are so warm that they are used by future generations. However, as the first person to speak out, Wang Bo is undoubtedly a genius. Here, "inside the sea" and "end of the world" refer to space, but their extension can also be extended to time. For example, a poem in the Book of Songs or a future reader can be close to us. If you feel hit by this poem, then Wang Bo can also be a confidant in the Tang Dynasty.
The last two sentences advised my friend not to touch the scarf, but he himself had already touched the scarf. Which sentence did the poet cry from? Which sentence did Du Shaofu endure the tears? Readers may also be crying. The tears we all shed in this poem come from the same nameless eyes.
Tang Yin's "Farewell Picture of Jinchang" (partial)
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Sandian Yangguan, sing it thousands of times
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"Send Yuan Er Envoy Anxi"
Wang Wei
Weicheng's morning rain is light dust, and the guest house is green and willows are new.
I advise you to have a glass of wine, and there is no friend when you go west to Yangguan.
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The drizzle that morning seemed to be floating for Yuan Er. Before the poem was spoken, a rain had played the prelude to parting.
The drizzle moistened the light dust on the road, the clean earthy atmosphere, the tiled houses in the guest houses, and the willows on the roadside are all just a kind of retention.Spring returns to the world, with endless love, like a promise of life, but Yuan Er wants to go to a cold and deserted place.
Anxi is the Anxi Protectorate of the Tang Dynasty. Its capital is located in Kucha City, the Western Regions, which is Kuche, Xinjiang, which still sounds very far away today. The eloquence of distance makes lyrics meaningless, and nothing can be said.
The two sentences "Please the Lord" are generally understood as what Wang Wei said to Yuan Er, which is also reasonable. Have another drink, leaving Yangguan will be a strange world.
Some people also think it is what Yuan Er said. Not only is it reasonable, if Yuan Er raises his glass and sighs with great pleasure, it will not only give him farewell to Wang Wei, but also include farewell to his hometown and his life.
Yangguan is an important road connecting the Western Regions in ancient times, located in the southwest of Dunhuang, Gansu Province. "There is no friend when you go west to Yangguan." Here we don't talk about Anxi, but Yangguan. Go west from Chang'an and first go to Yangguan. After leaving Yangguan, the hometown is far away from the sky, which is outside the sky, and Anxi is even more outside the sky.
As soon as this poem was published, the world was contended for its succession, and it became a famous song for all ages. Once you sing, you can stack three times, and the stacking methods may be different, which is always to delay the mood of bidding farewell.
Wang Wei has another poem "Farewell in the Mountains": "I'll send you off in the Mountains, and I'll cover the wood door at dusk. The spring grass is green next year, will the princess return?" It is still a silent and silent sentence. In particular, farewell poems mostly describe the scenes of the farewell, but this poem starts from the farewell. After the evening, the moment when the wood door was covered, the feeling of loneliness suddenly spreads to next year.
Qiu Ying's "Xunyang Farewell Picture" (partial)
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waved his hand and left, Xiaoxiao's team ming
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"Send Friends"
Li Bai
Green mountains cross the north country, and white water circulates the east city.
This place is a farewell, and the lonely hut is rushing thousands of miles away.
Floating clouds and wandering children, and the setting sun is old and affection.
waved his hand and went there, and the team of Xiaoxiao shouted.
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Read this poem without any comments on the name and object, without understanding any background, and understanding it as picturesque. The problem is that not everyone can understand painting. Poetry and painting, you must be able to feel the poetic feelings and the painting, so that you can enjoy artistic enjoyment.
The first two sentences on the surface are describing the scenery, or saying "explain the place and environment of parting". This is not only nonsense, but also easily replaced by an excuse for lack of sensitivity. The environment of parting is not something that must be explained when writing a parting poem. For example, the above poem "Farewell in the Mountains" by Wang Wei only has the word "in the Mountains". For example, Wang Bo's previous "Sending Du Shaofu to the Residence of Shuzhou", the first two sentences "The city and the palace assist the Three Qins, and the wind and smoke look at the Five Jins" seem to explain the environment, but in fact it describes the emotions, but it is not a perfunctory way to "integrate the scene and the scene".
The sharpness of sensitivity brings rich aesthetics, and only with rich aesthetics can there be a rich life. People who lack sensibility live day after day in unconscious inertia, and this kind of life is like not living before. The meaning of poetry and art is to awaken and restore our feelings about things rather than cognition.
The first two lines of this poem, if we are in it, we will feel that the green mountains and the white water of the green water are a kind of sadness, and their postures are like guarding the city walls and blocking people's departure. The life that people leave and stay here is like the green mountains and white waters, forever, and this brings some comfort.
"This place is a farewell, and I am alone and travel thousands of miles away." Such goodbye is affectionate but not much new. We are not unfamiliar with this. The "floating clouds" and "sunset" in the next couplet are also very common metaphors.
The last two sentences are very good. "Wave your hand and go away, and the horses are ringing." The two of them either rode their horses together, or their friends rode away. When they parted ways, the horses whistled. People rarely hear Ma Ming nowadays, and it is hard to imagine the mood at that moment. You might as well imagine the train that is about to leave on the platform. The loud whistle sounds a long cry, and a deep feeling in life suddenly shook. Taibai added another word "天" here, and class means "fare", and class means apart from the crowd. Such a horse has deepened the tragedy of parting.
Farewell is not a line, it is a circle that continues to spread like ripples. Xiao Xiao's team of horses also freezes the parting into an echo, which has been stirring for a long time in life.
Taibai's poem "Sending Friends" can be regarded as a textbook version of the farewell poem: not keeping the name of a friend, a generally applicable scene, a standardized metaphor, and a classic ending.
Shen Zhou's "Farewell Picture of Jingjiang"
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Tianshan farewell
Among the poets of the Tang Dynasty, Cen Shen's farewell poem can be said to have created a unique tune. Especially the farewell outside the Great Wall and the help of the Tianshan Mountains in the desert made his poetic realm even more magnificent.
Let’s first look at the familiar "Song of White Snow Sends Judge Wu Returns to Beijing". The first one describes the flying snow in Hu Tian in August, and then turn to the delivery of guests:
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The Central Army has wine and drinks the return of guests, the Huqin and Pipa and Qiang flute. The evening snow fell down the gate, and the red flag could not be overturned by the wind. I sent you to the east gate of Luntai. When I went there, the snow was covered with Tianshan Road. I can’t see you when you turn around the mountain, but there are places for horses to walk over the snow.
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Deep in the Tianshan Mountains, wine is placed for fun and farewell to Judge Wu. The musical instruments were numerous, and the evening snow was falling outside the gate, and the desolation and coldness of the foreign lands. However, because the judge Wu was about to return to the capital, everyone was very enthusiastic.
The specific scene of farewell was not mentioned, perhaps because the snow in Tianshan is too thick, or because I am too anxious to return home. When Judge Wu disappeared in the mountains and turned around, only the footprints of the horse trampled on the snow. "Leave empty", people are gone, I don't know when I will see you again. The people returning to the capital have left, leaving more space.
Another song "Traveling to Rehai to Send Cui Shiyu to Beijing" says: "Send you to drunken Tianshan, and you are just watching the setting sun on the beach. The frost on the cypress platform is so powerful that it is so cold that it is so hot that the heat sea is so hot that it is so weak." Rehai is Lake Isek in Kyrgyzstan today. It was under the jurisdiction of the Anxi Protectorate during the Tang Dynasty. Master Xuanzang once passed by here after seeking scriptures. The first twelve sentences describe the strangeness of Rehman, with a fresh and curious look. The last four sentences describe farewell, and Atami also injected his personality and strength into the poem as a scene.
Du Fu commented on Cen Shen's style of poetry in "The Story of the Blue Pi" and said: "The brothers of Cen Shen are all curious." They like novelty, that is, they like an alternative and unfamiliar poetic language. This comment can be used as the method of reading Cen's poems.
Let’s read Cen Shen’s quatrain "Sending Pei Zi to the West of the Town when Drunk":
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After being drunk, I failed to part with you. I will wait until I wake up. Watch you walk and go straight up to the clouds in the Tianshan Mountains.
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is a strange thing to get, and even more strange thing to get!
Drinking to say goodbye and drunk to say goodbye. However, I can't say goodbye when I'm drunk, and I have to wait until I wake up. Why? Isn’t it easier to say goodbye when you’re drunk? Admittedly, but when you wake up and he is gone, you will regret not saying goodbye. When you are awake, it is certainly heartbreaking to say goodbye, but you will engrave the farewell position and have as few regrets as possible.
"Look at you walking and going straight up to the clouds of the Tianshan Mountains", these two lines of poetry can pretend to be a Tianshan Mountains. The vastness of Tang poetry is the vastness, and the poet puts the world, mountains and rivers into it.
Interestingly, the first two sentences clearly say that they will be sent to you when you wake up, but the title is "drunk". Perhaps he was not completely awake, and the drunkard's intention was not in the bar. The clouds on the Tianshan Mountain are the scenery shaking in the blurred eyes.
Fu Baoshi's "Farewell Picture with Break Willows"
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When the bright moon was the two towns
In all the farewell poems, the one who said the best is Wang Changling. During his relegation to Longbiaowei, his friend Chai Shiyu was about to go to Wugang. Chang Ling gave a poem before leaving:
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"Sending Chai Shiyu"
The Yuan River connects to Wugang. If you send you apart, you will be injured. The green mountains are the same as clouds and rain, and the bright moon has never been two towns.
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flowed through the Yuan River in Longbiao and also flowed to Wugang. When I thought about it this way, there was no separation. If we extend it, we can also say this: No matter how we part, we always gather in the sea. The sea can compare life and time.
Look at the green mountains again, which runs for hundreds of miles, connecting the two places, giving people the same clouds and rain. Isn’t clouds and rain also a kind of gathering together for us?
What's more, there is a bright moon. Where the bright moon shines, how can it be two towns? !
Rivers, green mountains, clouds and rain, bright moon, plants and trees, land... All ancient things are like eternal homes that closely connect us.
The days when Changling was exiled to Longbiao for eight years, he was undoubtedly sad and long. But his poem "Dragon Biao Wild Banquet" says:
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Yuanxi has a cool breeze in the summer evening, and spring wine is carried together in the bamboo bushes. Don’t say that the strings and songs are sad about the distant exile, the bright moon in the green mountains has never been empty.
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There is no need to read poems from the perspective of peeking into people's privacy. For example, some interpretations identify this poem as "on the surface, his life is very comfortable, but in fact he is still very bitter in his heart." Let us not forget that no matter how sad a person’s life is, there will still be times of happiness. The sea has endless sorrow, but it will also bring waves of happiness from time to time.
Poetry is an impromptu aesthetic that adapts to local conditions. Because of this, we who are deeply trapped in the real world can get inner comfort from poetry. Poetry can provide us with healing in this sense.
The green mountains and bright moons have never been empty. No matter where, there is ancient companionship and watch. Under a blooming peach tree, no one is a foreigner.
Author｜Sanshu
Editing｜Zhang Jin; Zhang Ting
Proofreading｜Li Shihui
Source: Beijing News
