11 On November 18, 1948, Zhu Zhankui, former administrative inspector and security commander of the Third District of the Kuomintang Army, led his troops to surrender, and was later appointed as the captain of the First Independent Detachment of the Hebei Central Military Region of the People's Liberation Army.
However, it is surprising that just three years later, in November 1951, Zhu Zhankui was suddenly arrested for historical issues, and was later sentenced to life imprisonment and was imprisoned in Baoding Prison.
pic | Nie Rongzhen
Zhu Zhankui tossed and turned in prison and wrote a letter to Nie Rongzhen, who was then the deputy chief of staff:
"I am guilty. No matter how the people's government punishes me, there is nothing to say, but. I hope to change me to a place to detain. The reputation of in Hebei is too bad, and life is really sad."
just after sending the letter, it seemed like a rock sinking to the sea, and there was no response.
In fact, in his later memoirs, Nie Rongzhen also specifically mentioned Zhu Zhankui's incident and this letter. However, when he saw the name of "Zhu Zhankui", he thought of his past bad deeds, so he ignored it.
Nie Rongzhen's memoirs mentioned that Zhu Zhankui had many rebellions in history. He surrendered to the Japanese and puppet during the War of Resistance Against Japan and the Kuomintang army during the War of Liberation. It can be said that he was a man with a serious record. Because of this, Nie Rongzhen did not ask about Zhu Zhankui's affairs later.
"I don't know how the transformation was done?"
pic "Memoirs of Nie Rongzhen"
However, it is indeed unexpected that Zhu Zhankui was pardoned in March 1975, was rehabilitated in 1979, and was restored to his status as a surrenderer. Later, he served as a consultant to the Henan Provincial People's Government and a member of the Henan Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
In his later years, Zhu Zhankui wrote a memoir "My Failures and Being Saved" published in Tianjin's literature and history materials.
So, what Nie Rongzhen mentioned that Zhu Zhankui had many rebellions in history. What was the process like?
Zhu Zhankui - The establishment of the anti-Japanese guerrillas
Marshal Nie Rongzhen's revolutionary career has been in the past few decades. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he served as the commander of the Jinchaji Military Region . At that time, Hebei Central Military Region was a second-level military region affiliated to the Jinchaji Military Region. When recalling this experience in the War of Resistance Against Japan, Nie Rongzhen said deeply:
"When it comes to transforming the variegated armed forces in Hebei, some people should be mentioned."
And Marshal Nie Rongzhen's character who can "refer to" refers to Zhu Zhankui, because many records are different, some say Zhu Zhankui, and some say Zhu Zhankui.
Zhu Zhankui is a native of Henan. His grandfather used to be a member of the Boxer Rebellion. Although he was born in poverty, Zhu Zhankui was also deeply affected by his grandfather's simple patriotic feelings.
1931 September 18th Incident , the Japanese army invaded the three northeastern provinces and pointed their finger at North China . In January 1933, the Japanese army began to invade Shanhaiguan.
0 The Japanese army made several manufacturing periods in North China, seeking to turn North China into the second puppet Manchukuo. After the signing of the Tanggu Agreement, Japanese spy chief Kenji Doihara created the "Hebei East Incident" and established the "Pseudo-Hebei East Defense Autonomous Committee", which was changed to " Hebei East Defense Autonomous Government ", and Yin Rugeng served as chairman, openly treason for the country and surrendered to the enemy. The situation in North China suddenly took a sharp turn for the worse.
Zhu Zhankui became the leader of the Yongqing County Defense Corps in July 1935 and stationed in Longhuzhuang. At that time, the fourth district of Yongqing County, where Yongqing County is located, was in a struggle between the two brothers Wang Zhizhong and Wang Jianzhong and Zhao Runmin and Shi Jinfu. At that time, the Wang faction and the Zhao faction wanted to squeeze out each other and dominate the king in this area.
The Wang Sect was influenced by Yin Rugeng's so-called "autonomous movement", and actively planned the "autonomous movement" in the counties of Yongqing , Anci, and Gu'an in the local area, and even actively contacted the Japanese invaders in Tianjin. Because of the many enlightened gentry and intellectuals gathered under their command, the Zhao Sect was dissatisfied with the behavior of the Wang Sect's surrender to the enemy and traitor. Zhu Zhankui was educated by his grandfather's patriotic feelings since he was a child. Seeing this situation, he turned to the Zhao Sect without hesitation and actively fought with the Wang Sect.
On July 7, 1937, after the Lugou Bridge Incident, the situation in North China further deteriorated. Considering that the support of the Japanese and puppet authorities behind the Wang faction was supported by the Japanese and puppet authorities, and the company commander of the security regiment under Zhu Zhankui was equipped with short guns, and there were only 3 guns in total, how could it fight against the Japanese invaders? After discussion, Zhao Runmin, Shi Jinfu, Zhu Zhankui and others, they were determined to win the support of the Kuomintang authorities.
At that time, Yongqing County was stationed at Zhang Hanquan, a specialist of the Fifth Special Office of the Kuomintang Hebei and a former enemy law enforcement officer. Zhang Hanquan was appointed as the county magistrate of Anci County by Feng Zhian, chairman of the Kuomintang Hebei Province, long before the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, he was appointed as the county magistrate of Anci County by Feng Zhian, chairman of the Kuomintang Hebei Province. He was both patriotic and enthusiastic, and had a strong military mind. Under his leadership, the wars of resistance in Yongqing and Anci were quite large.
Picture | The Eighth Route Army Hebei Central Forces under training
In early August 1937, Zhu Zhankui sent someone to contact Zhang Hanquan. On the same day, Zhang Hanquan sent someone to invite Zhu Zhankui to Yongqing County. The two got it the same as before. Zhang Hanquan immediately signed a letter of appointment and appointed Zhu Zhankui as the "Anci Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Captain". has a legitimate banner, and Zhu Zhankui immediately returned to Longhuzhuang and summoned the villagers from all over the world to actively participate in the guerrillas. Because the local people all hated the Japanese invasion, the people responded one after another. Zhu Zhankui quickly pulled up a group of people.
On August 18, Zhu Zhankui officially pulled up the first anti-Japanese guerrilla army in Anci County, with a total of 30 people, with 3 squads under it, and the weapons were only 8 guns.
Under the command of Zhang Hanquan, Zhu Zhankui, a guerrilla team with only 30 people, played a miraculous role.
937 at 9:00 a.m. on August 19, 1937, Zhu Zhankui summoned guerrillas to hold a meeting in front of the Yongqing Confucian Temple to discuss how to destroy the Pingjin Railway and block the Japanese reinforcements. Considering that the guerrillas had never had any combat experience before, Zhu Zhankui ordered people to go to the city to make a model of fake rails, so that guerrillas could learn how to break the rails.
Although the guerrillas were well prepared in advance and the fighting spirit of the guerrillas were very strong, they still underestimated the difficulty of this operation. Because of the lack of necessary tools, the difficulty of breaking the rails was much greater than that of the guerrillas. The two nails , the wrench and the crowbar were completely deformed. At this moment, the sound of the train whistle came from the distance, and a train from Tianjin was coming quickly.
In desperation, Zhu Zhankui moved a large stone on the rails, and then asked the soldiers to pull up a hug of grass to cover the stones. At the critical moment, Zhu Zhankui ordered the soldiers to evacuate quickly.
"Bang"
As soon as the soldiers ran away, they heard a loud noise behind them. The locomotive and the four cars behind them all overturned. The crying of Japanese soldiers came from inside. It turned out that this train was transporting cavalry to the northwest front line.
After this fights , Zhu Zhankui gained fame.
Two rebellions were nailed to the pillar of historical shame
As the situation of the War of Resistance in North China became increasingly severe, Zhu Zhankui could not stay in Yongqing and Anci areas. Just when the guerrillas were in a difficult position, Zhu Zhankui found out good news.
On October 14, 1937, Lu Zhengcao, the former leader of the 691st Regiment of the 53rd Army of the Northeast Army of the Kuomintang, held a meeting in Xiaoqiao Town, Jin County, and decided to lead his troops to leave Northeast Army , and adapt it into the Hebei-Central Anti-Japanese People's Self-Defense Army, and establish party organizations in various units, so that the subordinate troops can become a team under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. The People's Self-Defense Force led by Lu Zhengcao continues to grow and grow.
pic | Nie Rongzhen and Lu Zhengcao
Zhu Zhankui directly pulled the troops and went to find Lu Zhengcao. After verifying the situation of the team, Lu Zhengcao directly adapted Zhu Zhankui's troops into the first battalion of the Third Regiment of the People's Self-Defense Army, with Zhu Zhankui as battalion commander. In February 1938, Zhu Zhankui led the first battalion of the Third Regiment of the People's Self-Defense Army to adapt it into the People's Self-Defense Army to go north to the Anti-Japanese Pioneer Team to go north to Hebei, the Qing Dynasty, and launch an anti-Japanese armed movement.
In May 1938, according to the orders of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region, the People's Self-Defense Army led by Lu Zhengcao and the Hebei Guerrilla Army and other Hebei Anti-Japanese Forces were unified into the Third Column of the Eighth Route Army, and the Hebei Central Military Region were established. After Zhu Zhankui led his troops to open a base in Hebei, Taiqing, and according to the unified orders of the military region, the Fifth Military Sub-district of the Hebei Central Military Region was established. Zhu Zhankui served as commander of the first detachment of the Third Column of the Eighth Route Army and commander of the Fifth Military Sub-district of the Hebei Central Military Region.
After the Jin-Cha-Hebei Military Region was streamlined and reorganized, the Fifth Military Sub-district of the Hebei Central Military Region was renamed the Tenth Military Sub-district. Zhu Zhankui was appointed commander of the 10th Military Sub-district.
If you continue to move down according to normal circumstances, Zhu Zhankui may not have become an anti-Japanese hero. Unfortunately, Zhu Zhankui finally made the wrong choice.
After the frontal battlefield gradually turned into a confrontation, the Japanese and puppet troops stepped up their encirclement and suppression of the Eighth Route Army's enemy-behind base areas. Due to the unique status of the Hebei-central base area, it became the focus of the Japanese and puppet troops' sweep, including the " May Day sweep " carried out by the Japanese and puppet troops, which caused unprecedented damage to the Hebei-central base area.
On November 27, 1941, the 163rd Japanese Regiment surrounded Daligezhuang, Qingyuan County, Hebei Province, and Zhu Zhankui was also captured in this battle.
Picture | Usaka Satoshi
According to the Japanese 163rd Regiment, the captain of the Japanese 163rd Regiment, Katoshi Usaka Satoshi confessed when he was tried in a military court after the war:
"...I led the 163rd Infantry Regiment to surround Daligezhuang, Qingyuan County, Hebei Province. After the 3rd Battalion entered the village, he sent five scouts led by a corps to conduct reconnaissance. They saw that a yard was not closed, so they walked in. Thinking of the bullets fired from inside, they immediately responded. After firing each other for a while, there was no sound inside. They rushed in and caught three Eighth Route Army soldiers. They took the three people back to the brigade headquarters for interrogation and found out that one of them was General Zhu Zhankui (Zhu Zhankui), the commander of the 10th Military Sub-district of the Eighth Route Army Hebei Central Military Region. "
Usaka Satoshi said that in this battle, they captured a total of 35 prisoners, including Zhu Zhankui, killed 50 Eighth Route Army soldiers, and robbed about 60 guns.
The Japanese army was very happy after acquiring Zhu Zhankui. Katsura Uesaka immediately sent the person to the headquarters of the 110th Division of the Japanese Army. Later, the commander of the Japanese army summoned him. According to the Japanese army's ideas, they wanted to use Zhu Zhankui to do political work on the revolutionary base in Hebei.
Although most people showed valuable integrity after being captured, Zhu Zhankui did not seem to be like this.
Picture | "Shijiazhuang Prison Camp Documentary"
According to He Tianyi, who has been engaged in party history research for many years, interviewed the survivors who were captured by Japanese soldiers in Shijiazhuang Prison Camp. When talking about Zhu Zhankui, he once said this:
"For example, after Zhu Zhankui, commander of the tenth district in Hezhong, was arrested, and he was afraid of death and surrendered to the Japanese army. Wang Mingsan, Zhao Yuying and others mobilized everyone to isolate him; and for the same as him Wang Wenbo, the political commissar of the supply department of the Hebei Central Military Region, fought resolutely because of his resolute struggle, and everyone wanted to rescue him and take care of him. Similarly, when the female prisoner of war was about to be bullied by the enemy, Wang Mingsan and others stood up, and when Wang Mingsan was locked in the dungeon, Wang Wenbo and the chief squad leader Li Wentian and others actively rescued him. "
Although there is still controversy about whether Zhu Zhankui rebelled in the prison camp, Zhu Zhankui's performance in prison was not as firm as other captured revolutionary soldiers, which seemed to be an indisputable fact.
The main reason why he doubted whether Zhu Zhankui rebelled in the prisoner-of-war camp was that he later escaped from the prisoner-of-war camp.
Japanese army disclosed in "North China Public Security War":
" (Japanese army) Front army originally wanted to use Zhu Zhankui to carry out political work in Hebei, but he fled near Wangdu on May 28, 1942 while being escorted. "
Zhu Zhankui used escort from Peking to Bao Halfway through the schedule, he jumped into the train and fled, so that the Japanese army's plan to use him to make a fuss was dashed. In the later text materials, the Japanese army felt very sorry for Zhu Zhankui's escape. They said:
"It can be seen that it is difficult to make the strong Communist Party members betrayal."
It seems that from this record, Zhu Zhankui did not rebel.
After Zhu Zhankui escaped, he returned to the Jin-Cha-Hebei base and asked Nie Rongzhen to report on his escape.
"Memoirs of Nie Rongzhen", there is a record of this:
"One day he suddenly came to the north of the military district camp to find me. According to him, he escaped by jumping from a train while escorting the enemy. The more he talked, the more bizarre he spoke, the more people became disbelief. He bragged about how he made a big fuss in the Japanese court and how he saw the Japanese beauty trick. The Japanese couldn't do anything about him. I was very suspicious of what he said. Judging from his later performance, it was not that true. "
In his memoir, Nie Rongzhen clearly mentioned one point of his doubt, that is, he believed that Zhu Zhankui was intentionally released by the Japanese.
After repeated consideration, Nie Rongzhen did not let Zhu Zhankui return to the base, but stayed in the north of the village for a while. In 1943, Nie Rongzhen returned to Yan'an and took Zhu Zhankui with him. He originally wanted to have a good review, but unfortunately, Yan'an Bin did not make a clear conclusion on the matter.
In August 1945, Zhu Zhankui was transferred to the deputy brigade commander of the Independent First Brigade of the Eighth Route Army Rehe Column. In January 1946, he was appointed as deputy commander of the 14th Military Sub-district of the Eighth Route Army Hebei East Military Region.
pic | Nie Rongzhen
It should be said that Nie Rongzhen had foresight on his suspicion because he rebelled again in September 1946.
In October 1946, Zhu Zhankui was appointed as the Major General of the Commander-in-Chief of the 11th War Zone of the Kuomintang Army. Until the end of the Liberation War, Zhu Zhankui led his troops to surrender.
30 was rehabilitated
The records of Zhu Zhankui's rebellion and surrender to the enemy during the War of Resistance Against Japan are different in various aspects.
There is a saying that the reason why Zhu Zhankui was surrounded by the 110th Japanese Division on November 27, 1941 was because there were spies lurking Japanese and puppet troops in the army.
At that time, the 10th Military Sub-district of the Hebei Central Military Region, approved by the Eighth Route Army Headquarters, went to Pingxi to return to Xiao Ke's army. Zhu Zhankui was once inspecting work in Xiongxian , and was reported by a spy lurking in the team. A squadron of the 163rd Regiment of the Japanese 110th Division received the report and quickly dispatched. After a series of smoke and fire, Zhu Zhankui was captured in the tunnel.
After Zhu Zhankui was captured, Zhou Biao was urgently transferred back to the 10th Military Sub-district of the Hebei Central Military Region as commander. Soon the Japanese and puppet troops launched a "May Day sweep" against the Hebei Central Military Region. Zhou Biao led the 10th Military Sub-district troops to lie out at night, fighting everywhere, avoiding the enemy's sweep, but he was surprised to find that no matter how hidden the team marched, they could always be perceived by the enemy in advance, so he suspected that there were spies in the army.
Director of the Political Department Fang Guonan found through a detailed investigation that the confidential secretary of the Political Department was suspected of being a major suspect. After following the clues, the four-person enemy special team lurking in the team was successfully captured.
Picture | Founding Lieutenant General Zhou Biao (1910-1981)
After the interrogation, I learned that it turned out that the Japanese and puppet troops had always been committed to infiltration of the base areas. The spies deliberately dressed up as patriotic intellectual youths and tricked the Eighth Route Army into absorbing these people into the team, playing the role of spying and transmitting intelligence. Zhu Zhankui's whereabouts were revealed to the enemy by them.
Although this enemy spy sabotage case was solved, Fang Guonan was still in fear. If these enemy spies were not identified in time, our army would face greater losses.
There is another saying that Zhu Zhankui once accepted the instigation of the enemy's special forces in the team and chose to surrender to the enemy.
In September 1949, the first political consultation meeting of the New China was held in Peking. When Liu Bingyan, the commander of the 205th Division of the Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region of the North China Military Region, went to Beijing Hotel, , he accidentally discovered that Ma Xuegang was a lurking spy. Later, when talking about this with Tang Yongjian, director of the North China Military Region Battle Department, Liu Bingyan also pointed out:
"Zhu Zhankui rebelled against the enemy twice, both of which were instigated by this surname Ma."
Later, after the manager named Ma was arrested, he confessed to the crime he committed.
There are also a lot of information that although Zhu Zhankui was not a senior general who grew up from the Red Army period, he showed great national integrity in prison after being captured by the Japanese army. Later, after fleeing back to Yan'an, Zhu Zhankui was once unable to think about it because he was under several scrutiny.
Picture | Former Political Commissar of the 10th Military Sub-district of the Hebei Central Military Region, founding Major General Zhu Rong
In September 1946, Zhu Zhankui rebelled and surrendered to the Kuomintang army. According to the recollection of the Kuomintang Military Affairs Bureau Chen Gongshu : Zhu Zhankui was first captured, and then surrendered to National Government .
"He was awarded the rank of major general, but he rarely wore military uniforms, and he saluted me who was just a colonel many times. He was not talking and a little dull. He was an honest man. We always treated him preferentially, but he still had to go back."
Before the outbreak of the Pingjin Battle, Zhu Zhankui led his troops to surrender. It is said that he had planned to arrest Chen Gongshu to present a gift to our army in advance, but Chen Gongshu was always very cautious about him, so this plan was not successful later.
After the founding of the country, Zhu Zhankui was sentenced to life imprisonment for his experience of surrendering to the enemy during the revolutionary war.
Regarding Zhu Zhankui's two rebellions, Nie Rongzhen once commented on this sentence in his memoir:
"Zhu Zhankui's story shows that he holds old things and engages in political speculation. In the end, he can only destroy himself."
No matter what, Zhu Zhankui's experience of surrendering to the enemy twice finally left an indelible mark on him. If he could resist the test of him, his life would undoubtedly reach a very high level. Like Zhou Biao, who succeeded Zhu Zhankui, was awarded the rank of lieutenant general after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Shuai Rong, the political commissar of the 10th Military Sub-district of the Hebei Central Military Region, and was awarded the rank of major general after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
Zhu Zhankui was very determined to resist the Japanese invaders in the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japan, especially when he was the commander of the 10th Military Sub-district in the Hebei Central Military Region, a rumor circulated among the masses at that time:
"Zhu can fight, Yu can turn, Lao Meng can have a big meal."
is talking about Zhu Zhankui, the commander of the 10th division, can fight, commander Yu Quanshen of the 2nd division, and commander Meng Qingshan of the 4th division is powerful and has a big appetite.
But Zhu Zhankui was not a general who grew up during the Red Army. He had a strong warlord atmosphere. Unlike the spirit of the Communists who sacrificed their lives and sacrificed for the revolution, Zhu Zhankui only attached importance to immediate interests and started from the perspective of protecting himself in everything. In 1941, the Hebei Central Military Region sent the Hui Muslim detachment led by Ma Benzhai to the area of ten districts. Zhu Zhankui did not send anyone to cooperate, resulting in major casualties in the Hui Muslim detachment. The two teams were also in trouble. Later, it was Lu Zhengcao who came forward in person to calm the conflict between the two sides.
In the eyes of most people, Zhu Zhankui is not like an Eighth Route Army cadre, but like a ruffian soldier
Because of some shortcomings in his own way, he was captured and fled back by the Japanese army, and no one was willing to believe him anymore. Zhu Zhankui also resisted censorship and study. In the end, I went further and further on this road.
