Next to our " Shuowen Jiezi " course, this lesson talks about two characters, which are also the last two Chinese characters in the "Bu" section: "[Zhaobu], [Zhaobu]", "[Zhaobu], [Zhaobu]" is no longer used in modern Chinese . According to "Shuowen Jiezi", the ancient character of "[Zhaobu]" is "Zhao".
"Zhao" character "Shuowen Jiezi" is not included in the beginning, but "Zhao" is a common character in modern Chinese, and is included in the "Table of Common Characters in Modern Chinese" issued by the National Language Commission in 1988. Therefore, the key Chinese character in this lesson is "Zhao". The details of the two words are as follows:
1, [Zhaobu]. Read shào. The explanation given by Shuowen Jiezi is: " [suming the divination] is a question. Follow the divination, and call the divination." The word "photo" is a phonograph. The original meaning is divine questions.
"Guangya·Shiyan": "[Zhaobu] is divination." "Guangyun·Xiaoyun": "[Zhaobu] is divination." There are no examples of application of classics.
[Zhaobu]'s small seal is written as shown in the figure:
([Zhaobu]'s small seal html)
2, [Zhaobu] (Zhao). Read zhào. The explanation given in "Shuowen Jiezi" is: "The turtle is a burning turtle. According to the divination, the pictogram is a pictogram. The ancient text is a pictogram." [Zhaobu] is a phonogram. The zigzag is a pictographic character. The original meaning is the cracks that burn the tortoise shell.
According to Xu Shen , [Zhaobu] is the beginning of the character and Zhao is the heavy text, which makes people think that "[Zhaobu]" is the source of "Zhao". But in fact, the word "Zhao" was seen in Shang Dynasty , and is widely used during the Warring States period , and there is almost no word "[Zhaobu]" here, which can prove that the word "Zhao" appears before "[Zhaobu]". Obviously, Xu Shen has problems with the explanation of the word "[Zhaobu]". This means that to understand [Zhaobu], we need to start from the source of the character "Zhao" and look at the evolution of the character "Zhao":
(Zhao's character evolution)
The character "Zhao" is attached to many people as cracks in the burning tortoise shell. It seems that it makes sense to regard "Zhao" as a pictographic character, as shown in the figure:
(Zhao's pictographic character explanation)
But if you look at the oracle bone inscriptions carefully, you will find that the character "Zhao" in the oracle bone inscriptions looks like two people fleeing with their backs, or there is a footprint on both sides of the water, which may mean that the flood or the flood comes and escapes.
Yu Shengwu believes that the character "Zhao" "from two people against each other, when the flood comes, everyone flees away" is the initial text of "escape"; Li Xueqin "From the Origin" Mr. Zhang Biao believes that "Zhao" is the initial text and original text of "Zhao" and "Tao" have the same understanding. If you study the words "Yao, tiao, jump, pick, escape" carefully, they are all related to escaping from floods. For example:
"Yao" is the era of female clans when floods ("Far away", originally written as "Yao Yuan", Shun was once given the surname "Yao"); "Yao" is a person who panicked and acted frivolously when floods; "Zhun" is a person who jumped and fled when floods floods; "Zhun" is a person who fled with things when floods come; "Tao" is a tree that blooms when floods come in spring...
Floods were a huge disaster in ancient times (there is Noah's Ark in the West, and the Dayu controls floods in the East), but before floods come, there are often many signs, so "Zhu" is extended to be omen, signs.
(prehistoric flood)
Xu Shen's explanation of "[Zhaobu]" in "Shuowen Jiezi" regards it as a crack in the burning tortoise shell, that is, Bu Zhao, which is a reconstruction of the reason for the extended meaning. However, Xu Shen's explanation has a huge impact, and our following explanations still use Xu Shen's explanation.
" Rites·Month Orders ": "( The month of winter ) The great history of life disturbs the turtle strategy, and divination of the signs and examines the good and bad luck of the hexagrams." Zheng Xuan Note: "Divin the signs and the turtle's guise (zhòu) text." Order Taibu to apply turtle shells and yarrow with the blood of the surviving animals, and judge the good and bad luck by examining the signs and the hexagrams. In addition to the original meaning of
, there are many uses of "天":
(1) signs; signs or signs before things happen. As mentioned above, this is actually the extended meaning of the word "大". Such as a good omen; an ominous omen; a sign. "Su Wen·Tianyuan Ji Da Lun": "Water and fire are signs of yin and yang." Wang Bing Note: "The sign is first. The cold and heat of water and fire are used to demonstrate the signs of yin and yang." Water and fire are signs of yin and yang.
(Dirty is a sign of serious illness)
(2) appears; indicates. For example: Auspicious snow indicates a good harvest. Chapter 20 of "Laozi": "I am alone and there is no sign." Only I am indifferent to this and indifferent, chaotic, as if nothing has appeared.
(Auspicious snow indicates a good harvest)
(3) begins; cultivating. "Zuo Zhuan·Ai Gong's First Year": "(Shaokang) was able to offer virtue and tell his plans to collect Xia people and appease his official positions... and then destroyed Zhuge and Ge, and restored Yu's achievements." Du Yu Note: "Zhao, the beginning." (Shaokang) was able to show kindness and began to implement the plan to restore the country. He collected the remaining troops of the Xia Dynasty and appeased his officials... In this way, Zhuge and Ge countries were destroyed, and Yu's career was revived.
(4) is the same as "天". This refers to the region in general. It is usually used to call a cemetery. "Er Ya·Shi Yan": "Zhao is the domain." Guo Pu Note: "It is called the cemetery." Hao Yixing Commentary: "Zhao is the false loan of the sacred." "Zuo Zhuan·Ai Gong's Second Year": "If he is guilty, he will hang him and kill him... no entry into the sacred person." Du Yu's note: "Zhao is the burial area." If he is defeated and guilty, he will use to hang him and kill him... and do not bury him in the cemetery of his clan.
(Tomb)
(5) numerals. In ancient times, hundreds of thousands were billions, and ten billions were nuggets; ten millions were billions, and ten trillions were nuggets; the top was billions. Now, one million are the signs. It is usually used to say a lot. "Chu Ci·Nine Chapters·Xi Song": "I only have the king but nothing else, and it is the enemy of all signs." The only thing I miss is you, King, but everyone regards me as an enemy. The usage of megaphones that are closely related to our lives is mobile phone traffic . The calculation unit of mobile phone Internet traffic is mainly GB, MB, KB, where 1 megabyte is equal to 1MB. The conversion rules between units are: 1GB=1024MB, 1MB=1024KB, 1KB=1024B, 1B (byte)=8bits (bits).
(6) passes "escape". escape. As we said earlier, "Zhao" is the initial text of "escape". "Guangya·Shigusan": "Signs are avoiding." " Zhuangzi·Tianxia ": "Take heaven as the core, virtue as the basis, Tao as the gate, and signs for change are called saints." " Lu Deming Explanation: "Signs are likely to escape." With heaven as the master, virtue as the foundation, Tao as the gate, and avoid changes, we are called saints.
(escape)
(7) is "frivolous". evil. "Zuo Zhuan·The Eighteenth Year of Wengong": "The person is a thief; his weapon is a traitor." Du Yu's note: "Zhao is a domain." Yu Yue "Examples of doubts in ancient books· Examples of misunderstandings with two characters and one meaning": "Zhao is read as frivolous. "Zhou Yu" says: 'Treacherous benevolence is frivolous'. This is the meaning of 'treacherous frivolous'. Du Yu's note: 'Zhao' is a domain, and he lost it." This is the person who is a thief; his weapon is evil.
In addition, the magnitude is also a last name. "Wanxiang Tongpu·Yuyun": "Zhao, see "Xianyuan" Wanli Penglai County Magistrate Zhao Yuanheng, a native of Leting." The small seal script of
[Zhaobu] is shown in the picture:
([Zhaobu]'s small seal script)
([Shuowen Jiezi] 625, some pictures are from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original copyright owner)
