Let me teach you how to make a small spark gap Tesla coil (SGTC).
The height of this coil is about 40 cm, and the specific height is related to many factors.
Material: (The following is optional material with "*")
1. high-pressure package one, don't ask topics like "what model is used", because theoretically, any model of high-pressure package is OK.
——In principle, you need to buy a high-voltage package for color TVs. The larger the high-voltage package for a TV, the better theorem.
2. Diameter 0.25mm enameled wire 200m. Try to use copper, such a small coil, there is no need to use aluminum...
- Enameled wire can be purchased in places where motor repairs or electronic markets. If you want to swim such a primary, you only need to buy enameled wire worth 10 yuan. Everyone can afford the money for a meal.
3. Diameter 2mm enameled wire three meters. Three meters should be about the same.
—Same, it can be purchased in places where motors are repaired or in electronic markets.
4. A metal ball with twelve centimeters in diameter, this can be purchased at places such as anti-theft windows. And it's not expensive, theoretically, it's only ten yuan.
—The metal ball has high strength and smooth surface, so use it to make the top of TC. If there is no ball, a conductive object with a smooth surface can be replaced, but the surface area must be the same as the ball with a diameter of 12 cm.
5. A PVC pipe with diameter of 5 cm and a length of 30 cm is better, and plexiglass is the most ideal.
- The place where the pipes are sold may not be cut 30 cm and sold to you, you may only buy a 4-meter-long one. However, a pipe with a diameter of five centimeters and a length of four meters is about 20 yuan, which is not expensive. Anyway, there is no harm in buying more, and you can also make other things in the future.
6.2N3055 transistor one. This is only three.
—2N3055 is a high-power NPN transistor. Due to the early age, some electronic markets no longer sell 2N3055. If not, other high-power NPN tubes can be replaced. Remember, you must buy a large heat sink to install it.
7.240Ω 5W, 27Ω 1W resistors are one each. Maybe there is nothing like this, and there will be a slight difference.
—If there is no 240Ω resistor, you can use four resistors of 1kΩ 2W in parallel. For 27Ω, you can use 4 100Ω parallel connections instead.
8. Some insulating boards that are several millimeters thick cannot be made of wood, so it is best to use plastic.
- Plexiglass is a good choice. If there is no plexiglass, you can use other types of insulating materials instead.
9.12V battery.
—If you can’t buy it, you can use a 12V computer power supply instead.
10. Polarity capacitor several.
——The best choice is a dedicated resonant capacitor, but that type of capacitor is very expensive (30-40 yuan), and it is huge in size and has too large capacity, so it is unwise to use this capacitor. Use an induction cooker MKPH capacitor, which is more suitable for making small to medium-sized Tesla coils. If there is no MKPH capacitor, use a high-voltage ceramic chip capacitor, although this capacitor is not very effective. If you can't even buy high-voltage ceramic chip capacitors, just... mica capacitors. Never use CBB capacitors.
11. A bottle of glue, 502, 101, etc.
- This is not necessary, but it would be better if there were.
12. Several meters of enameled wire in diameter 1mm.
——If you use multiple strands of fine enameled wire instead, it is also good.
*13. Field effect tube IRFP250 two.
- used to do ZVS. If you use ZVS, the effect is much better than single-tube self-excitation, but ZVS is slightly more complicated than single-tube self-excitation.
*14.12V 1W voltage-regulated diodes.
- used to make ZVS.
*15.10kΩ, 470Ω 3W resistors are two.
- used to make ZVS.
*16.FR107 fast recovery diodes two.
- used to make ZVS. If there is no FR107, you can use UF4007 or RU2 instead. In theory, it is OK to use Schottky diode instead, but I haven't tried it.
*17. A model circuit board (commonly known as hole board).
- used to build ZVS.
Tools:
pliers, scissors, utility knife, soldering iron, tin wire, etc.... Before starting the production, let me talk first, try not to change the data I listed during the production process.
1. Making of secondary coil:
is wound on the tube with 0.25mm enameled wire, as shown in the figure below.
lines cannot cross.
1000 turns.
Try to ensure that there is no gap between the lines.
If conditions permit, you can use insulating paint to brush a layer. "
There is nothing to say about the secondary coil, and there are no tricks.
We have to follow two principles: one, the wires cannot cross; two, the winding should be tight.
uses a 0.25 wire to wind for 1,000 times, which is about 27.5 cm long. Because the surface of the enameled wire is painted. Before starting to wind, you must first drill a small hole in a section of the pipe, then fix one end of the wire with glue, and then start winding. Be careful during the winding process. If the wire is messy, then the big cup will be in the big cup. After winding, be sure to fix the wire.
2. Making of primary coil:
uses 2mm enameled wire to wind into the shape of the following figure.
is similar to a flattened spring.
diameter 7.5 cm, and it is turned seven times. In this step, I suggest that you find a small piece of plastic tube with a diameter of 7.5 cm to wrap, which is easy to wind and is relatively strong. Try not to leave any gaps between the wires of
3. Assemble the coil
Connect one end of the wire of the secondary coil to the metal ball. This ball is called the top of the discharge. It forms a capacitor with the ground. Then use glue or hot glue gun to fix the ball at one end of the pipe.
fix the secondary coil on the plastic board, and the primary coil is fixed near the secondary coil, as shown in the figure below.
The other end of the wire of the secondary coil is grounded .
In this way, we first fix the primary coil with glue in the middle of the plexiglass plate (I assume you bought a plexiglass plate), and then fix the secondary coil in the middle of the primary coil. Then, remove a little paint from a small section of the enameled wire at one end of the secondary coil, connect it to the ball, and then fix the ball. The other end of the wire of the secondary coil should be grounded.
Note that there is no direct contact between the primary coil and the secondary coil.
4. Combined capacitors
We need some polarity capacitors, and it is recommended to use MKPH capacitors or ceramic chip capacitors.
According to this coil The data I calculated is that I need a 21717pF capacitor. Well, what to do so accurately, take 0.022μF (it can be fine-tuned according to the lighter spacing). The withstand voltage of the
capacitor depends on the voltage of the power supply, and the high voltage package can generate a voltage of one to twenty thousand volts, so the higher the withstand voltage of the capacitor, the better. The calculation of the capacitor is very simple. Let me mention it again. The withstand voltage of the
series capacitor is equal to the sum of the withstand voltages of each capacitor, and the reciprocal of the capacity is equal to the sum of the capacity of each capacitor. The withstand voltage of the
parallel capacitor remains unchanged, and the capacity is equal to the sum of the capacity of each capacitor.
(When we combine capacitors, try to use the same capacitors as much as possible.)
recommends using 20kv The 1000p capacitor is connected in series and parallel 22 times, which is relatively material-saving.
I'm very embarrassed. In this part, Brother Jianmei and I made a calculation error. The capacity of the capacitor should be 9802.6411885231473332159831015666pF, or 9.8026411885231473332159831015666µF.
I was wrong, I was really wrong, I apologized... By the way, I apologized for Brother Jianmei... We did not do it on purpose.
In this project, I suggest you buy twenty-five ceramic chip capacitors with a withstand voltage of 3kV and a 10nF capacity, which costs about 8 yuan. In this way, it can be very close to resonance. Or buy 30 MKPH capacitors with a withstand voltage of 1200V capacity of 0.3 microfarameters in series, which costs about 30 yuan. Generally speaking, the effect of using MKPH capacitors is much better than that of using other capacitors. Therefore, although MKPH capacitors are a little more expensive, try to use it.
Do you understand? Both solutions are possible. However, if you use MKPH electric, the effect will definitely be better than that of ceramic chip capacitors. And the service life is also high. The only disadvantage is that the price is a bit high.
5. Making power supply
We can use the method of single-tube self-excitation push-up high-voltage package to generate high voltage.
is as shown below.
We use a 2N3055 transistor.
The black thing is the core of the high-voltage package.
The two coils wound on the ferrite, the two coils on the top to the bottom are wound with 1mm enameled wire for eight and twenty turns. The direction of the winding must be the same!
It is best to install a heat dissipation device for the transistor, because the self-excitation of a single tube will cause high temperatures. Will the transistor burn out if the temperature is too high?
experts can set up a shed directly, while novices should just use the hole board honestly...
uses that 12V battery as its power supply. After connecting the
as shown in the picture, use the output end of the high-voltage package, that is, the thickest line and the row of joints on the butt of the high-voltage package, try to pull the arc, find the joint with the longest arc, and seal the other joints with insulating paint or hot glue guns. Then, the two lines on the right in the picture are drawn out.
This is what I did. Due to time constraints, no heat sink was added to it.
When shooting, my hand trembled, it was a little blurry, don't mind...
looked at the left and pulled out an arc of about one centimeter.
P.S.
Single-tube self-excitation is not efficient and has huge heat generation. If conditions permit, you can also use ZVS and other circuits.
here specifically talks about the problem of high-voltage packages. We will use that 1mm enameled wire to wrap around the core of the high-voltage bag. Everyone must pay attention that the magnetic core of the high-voltage bag is the most fragile place of the entire high-voltage bag and will be broken if you are not careful. Everyone must be careful.
Let me mention again that the directions of the two coils must be the same, 8 turns and 20 turns respectively. If you can't get around, you can also go around 4 or 10.
6. The principle of making a lighter
SGTC is to first charge the capacitor. When the voltage of the capacitor reaches a certain level, the lighter will release an arc, form a loop, then discharge, and then start the cycle again.
We can use slightly thicker enameled wire to make lighters.
Generally, lighters cannot use tips and need to use smooth surfaces.
scrape off the skin at one end of the two sections of thick enameled wire, bend it into two smooth surfaces, and then fix it on the plastic board with a hot glue gun, leaving a gap of 6 to 10 mm in the middle.
is as shown below.
This is what I did. There are many ways to make a lighter. Since the one we made is of low power, there is no need to consider the issue of heat dissipation. The high-power coil lighter heats up very well.
P.S. This lighter device can also be made with adjustable spacing, which will help the final tuning.
lighter is the heart of the Tesla coil between spark gaps. Many people think that capacitors are its heart, but in fact, the importance of a lighter is comparable to that of a capacitor. There are many ways to make lighters.
Here, the distance between the two surfaces is about 6-8 mm. Be sure to use a smooth surface! For the reason, please refer to Baidu Encyclopedia "Tip-point Discharge".
Our coil is very small and does not consider the issue of heat dissipation.
again said with a thick face, you must have a smooth surface.
7. The final assembly
is as shown in the figure below.
This "ground equivalent capacitor" is not necessary because it is an equivalent capacitor formed by the discharge top and ground. According to the concept of capacitor, the two plates of this "capacitor" are the discharge top and the ground, and the medium is air.
Here I want to mention the resonance of Tesla coils.
Uh, forget it, don’t write about the resonance problem slowly, I will copy the paragraph of Baidu Encyclopedia’s description of the principle of Tesla coils. Anyway, this was originally written by me, and copying it will not infringe on copyright.
"Work process
First, the AC current is raised to above 2000V through boost transformer (can break through the air), and then through a full-wave rectifier bridge composed of four (or four groups) of high-voltage diodes, the main capacitor (C1) is charged.The lighter is composed of two smooth surfaces, with a spacing of several millimeters between them, and the specific spacing is determined by the voltage at the high voltage output terminal. When the potential difference of between the two plates of the main capacitor reaches a certain level, the air at the lighter will break down and form an LC oscillation loop with the primary coil (L1, an inductance ). At this time, due to LC oscillation, high-frequency electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency will be generated, usually between 100kHz and 1.5MHz. The discharge top (C2) is a smooth object with a certain surface area and conductivity. It forms a "ground equivalent capacitor" with the ground. The ground equivalent capacitor and the secondary coil (L2, an inductor) will also form an LC oscillation loop. When the LC oscillation frequencies of the primary circuit and the secondary circuit are equal, when the lighter is turned on, most of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the primary coil will be absorbed by the secondary LC oscillation circuit. Theoretically, the potential difference between the discharge top and the ground is infinite, so high-frequency alternating current with high voltage and small current will be generated in the circuit of the secondary coil (the frequency is consistent with the LC oscillation frequency). At this time, the discharge top will emit an arc with the nearby grounded object.
Although theoretically, the potential difference between the discharge top and the ground is infinitely large, in fact, the length of the arc will not be infinitely large. It is limited by the power supply (boost transformer). The calculation method is: arc length (unit: cm) = 4.318×P (unit: W), provided that the LC oscillation frequency of the primary LC oscillation loop and the secondary LC oscillation loop are completely consistent (that is, the so-called "resonant" state, at which time the arc length will reach the longest and highest efficiency). If it is not resonant (the primary and secondary frequencies are not equal), the arc length will not reach the result calculated by the formula.
Methods to determine whether resonance is: 1.L1C1=L2C2; 2. Primary LC oscillation frequency = secondary LC oscillation frequency. To achieve either of the two cases, the position resonance is achieved. In fact, the essence of these two situations is the same, that is, when condition 1 is met, condition 2 will definitely be met. "
Well, are you dizzy? That's sure. Just understand slowly. These paragraphs contain resonance content, so everyone understand slowly.
It is worth mentioning that our Tesla coil must be well grounded, otherwise the effect will not be good. You can connect it to metal pipes, such as radiators, water pipes, etc. Or use Brother Zhun's grounding method:
smash it into the ground 1 meter with a metal stick and pour water around it. Connect it to this stick.
sounds good~~
I still have a problem I don't know if it's okay. Find a big tree and smash it with a nail...
It is particularly worth mentioning that we must not connect the ground wire to the mains socket. In that case, it may damage other electrical appliances in the house, because the ground wires of all electrical appliances in the house are screwed together. The last step of
is very exciting!
press the switch and the entire coil starts to work. In theory, the arc generated by this coil can be several centimeters, and I have never done it according to these data. When SGTC is working, the lighter will produce a lot of noise, be mentally prepared...
pay special attention! ! ! You must never connect the ground wire directly to the socket, because this ground wire is connected to the ground wire of all electrical appliances in the house. If you do this, imagine the consequences yourself (if the back end of your socket is really well grounded, then using the bottom wire of the socket is OK).
Because the working frequency of the secondary LC circuit can reach thousands of Hz, it is very high. High-frequency electricity has a skin effect, that is, it only flows through the surface of the conductor, so if it passes through the human body, it will only flow from The skin surface will not hurt the internal organs, so the safety of this coil is still good.
As you can see, many people can touch the arc of Tesla coils. It is not because they have special abilities, but because of the high-frequency AC. So, I used to make a coil slightly smaller than this, and then I touched the arc, which feels pretty good. Uh, it is better not to touch the arc easily. If you really want to touch it, then find a long iron wire first, hold it in your hand, and use the iron wire to trigger the arc. If your hands are not numb, you can touch it (if the arc is thick, be careful to be burned).Note that we use high-frequency power, so we can touch it. If we use an industrial frequency power supply, then forget it.
I wish you all have a good time! The noise of
SGTC ignition is indeed quite high. Given that our coils are not powerful, they should not be earth-shaking when igniting. Note: I made another mistake here. The frequency of the LC oscillation loop is more than kilohertz. After calculation, it is actually about 1400kHz (1.4MHz), which is very high. We make Tesla coils that should reduce the frequency unless there is a special purpose. But, a few months ago, how could I design a TC with such a high frequency come out?... Did I draw it at that time? No way.
It is worth mentioning that when this coil is successfully made, it will emit an arc of about 10 cm, and the arc can be touched...
This is because high-frequency electricity has a skin effect (http://baike.baidu.com/view/906.htm). Even if it flows through the human body, it will only flow through the surface of the skin and will not pass through the internal organs. Moreover, because our power is very small, it will not cause damage to the human body. However, you can touch it, don’t get addicted to it. I don’t know if there are any side effects when touching it for a long time.
Be sure to keep Tesla coils away from all electrical appliances to prevent damage! ! !
However, energy-saving lamps are exceptions. You can take an energy-saving lamp near TC, and then you will be surprised to find that the energy-saving lamp actually lit up when TC is on fire! ! This is very wonderful.
suggests that you install a sharp needle on the top of the discharge, pointing to one side or the sky. Then you can see the wonderful scene of TC discharges air. When playing
, don’t be intoxicated by its charm. Pay attention to the temperature of 2N3055...Don’t burn it out.
kit component list:
1, 470Ω 2W resistor 2
2, 10KΩ 1W resistor 2
3, 12V voltage stabilized diode 2
4, 1000V 1A fast recovery diode 2
5, AC275V 0.68μF High-quality resonant capacitor 1
6, ferrite magnetic ring for winding inductor 1
0 This kit does not contain the following components:
1, 47~200μH 10A high current inductor (you need to use the ferrite magnetic surround in the kit, and use Φ0.5~0.8mm enameled wire (available in the store) to wrap 10~25 turns on this magnetic ring)
2, IRFP250 field effect tube (i.e. MOS tube) Pinglong Certification Studio·Tianlang Xiaoyue
3, step-up transformer (can use any high-voltage transformer, such as TV high-voltage package, it is recommended to use ZVS in the store)
Finally, it is worth mentioning that using ZVS is a good choice. Here is the original circuit diagram.
In the figure, the capacitor can be replaced by a 2-micrometer MKP capacitor, and IRFP260 is replaced by IRFP250 or IRFP460. Inductor, use thick wires to wrap the ferrite magnetic ring for 20 to 30 turns.
Then, this high-voltage package can replace the high-voltage package with a single-tube self-excitation.
incites the world:
has been searching for a long time, how can I buy such a big metal ball? ! ! !
Answer: There are places where anti-theft windows are sold.
incites the world: If you want, how can you buy metal balls?, A twelve centimeter ball is easy to find and not expensive. If you really can't buy it, you can use a stainless steel plate instead. But the resonance must be calculated, otherwise the arc will be very short.
Global Search: Why did I do not respond, but the component is heating up, it is a 29-inch high-pressure bag, brothers, please help me. .
Answer (Capricorn King arrives): Explain the specific reason clearly, what is the fever? Can
high-pressure package spray arc?
You only need to describe your situation in detail. It is best to pay a few arrows to explain it.
You only have one sentence like "not working, fever" and who can help you?
Global search: The high voltage package did not respond, the 27Ω resistor was heating
answer (Capricorn king arrived): Check whether the transistor is connected wrong or is broken.
wasdasdf: Is the metal ball solid or hollow? Thank you
Answer: Try to buy hollow ones, because using solid balls, it is easy to overturn after the coil is made, and the other is because too much magnetic substance may affect the inductance of the secondary coil. Moreover, hollow balls are definitely cheaper than solid ones.What we want is surface area not weight, we want to make Tesla coils instead of practicing throwing solid balls.
Hello, I am a novice enthusiast of Tesla coils. I want to make a small Tesla coil. There are some problems when driving the high-voltage package to charge the capacitor. Just connect the input of Jiang Shiying lamp transformer to the home circuit output in the 69f high-voltage package iron core Shangrao about 10 turns. The black horn-shaped rubber sleeve on the high-voltage package is connected to the main capacitor in parallel. Can the main capacitor be charged?
Answer: Except for changing the single tube self-excitation into a quartz lamp transformer, the other steps are the same. You cut off that "suction cup", then use the wire and a row of foot joints on the butt of the high-voltage bag to try to pull the arc, and then find the foot joint with the longest arc. Then seal all other pins with a hot glue gun, leaving only that one. In addition to the line connecting the suction cup, there are two thinner lines on the high-voltage bag, so please ignore them first.
h8255782: The thickest wire in my high-pressure bag is with a flared rubber cover. . There are two metal wire heads inside the rubber cover. . Is this the line?
Answer: You just cut off that "horn", it's just a line inside.
h8255782:. . Let me ask again, where is the grounding at home?
Answer: The grounding method has been mentioned above. It’s OK to choose any plan. The method of cultivating virtue is purely a spoof. Although this may be successful, it is worth mentioning that destroying trees is immoral.
Crazy Rattle: Can this be done within 300
Answer: Yes. The total cost will generally not exceed 150 yuan. Unless the prices are particularly high.
●Ice°: Brother Tu ask where to buy resistors
Answer: Electronics market.
Monthly: Secondary...there is not a good winding...to measure the inductor with an inductor meter...and if the return does not come back like this, it affects the resonance! There are several circles overlapping...
Answer: It will have a certain impact on resonance, but it will have little impact.
you2043: The same as the fishing device
refutes: This is far from the fishing device. How can a fishing machine be compared to the great Tesla coil?
z64236842: Where to buy high-voltage bags? ? ? Can you use the one on the TV? ? ? ? I am still an electrician, and it is stupid to ask this kind of question, but I still want to ask for advice. If I buy it, what high-voltage bags should I buy?
Answer: Buy it in the place where home appliances are repaired or electronics market. Note that you need to buy a color TV high-voltage bag. Any model is OK.
People who are self-thunder must be thunder: diameter 0.25mm enameled wire 200m. Try to use copper, such a small coil, there is no need to use aluminum...
- need to reach two hundred meters? Have you calculated it wrong?
Answer: There is absolutely nothing wrong.
