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Shen Zhou (1427-1509), whose courtesy name is Qi Nan, his nickname is Shi Tian, Bai Shi Weng, Yu Tiansheng, Youzhuju owner, and he is from Changzhou.
The master of painting in the Ming Dynasty, the founder of the Wumen School of Painting, one of the four schools of Ming Dynasty, was 82 years old (83 years old).
Shen Zhou spent his whole life studying at home, recited poetry and painted, traveled to the forest and spring, pursued spiritual freedom, despised the evil political reality, did not accept the imperial examinations in his life, and was always engaged in calligraphy and painting creation. He was the founder of the "Wu School" of literati painting in the mid-Ming Dynasty.
has been a role in inheriting the past and opening up the future in the field of literati painting since the Yuan and Ming dynasties. It is known as the "Four Masters of Ming Dynasty" together with Wen Zhengming, Tang Yin, and Qiu Ying .
works handed down include "Lushan High Picture", "Old Picture of Autumn Forest Talk", and "Cangzhou Fun Picture". He has authored "Ishida Collection", "Guest News", etc.
Grandfather Shen Cheng was elected as a talent during the Yongle period, but did not become an official. The place where he lives is called "Xizhuang". He arranges banquets to entertain guests every day, and people compare him to Gu Zhongying.
Uncle Shen Zhenji and father Shen Hengji are both noble and hidden. A house made of bamboo was built, and the two brothers studied.
is good at writing poetry and painting, and even my servants know how to write and write articles. There is a man named Chen Mengxian in the town, the son of Chen Ji, the doctor of the Five Classics. When Shen Zhou was young, he followed him to study and received his guidance and guidance.
When Shen Zhou was eleven years old, he went to Nandu to study and wrote a hundred poems, and presented them to the Governor, Minister, Cui Gong, . Cui Gong gave a question in person to test Shen Zhou's copy of "Phoenix Platform Fu". Shen Zhou picked up the pen and wrote it immediately. Cui Gong sighed for a long time, thinking that Shen Zhou was very strange.
Writing articles imitating Zuosi , writing poetry simulation Bai Juyi , Su Shi , and Lu You, while calligraphy imitating Huang Tingjian : they were all loved and valued by people at that time.
is particularly good at painting, and those who commented think it is the number one in the Ming Dynasty.
where they live there are beautiful scenery of running water, bamboo, pavilions, and houses. Pictures, books, incense-burning furnaces and wine glasses are abundant and arranged in staggered manner. Celebrities from all directions come to visit him and follow him, so that there are no free days.
is unique in style and talent, and is very prominent at that time. It is very filial to serve both parents. After his father passed away, someone advised him to be an official, and he replied, "Don't you know that my mother has to rely on me to maintain her life? How can I leave his knees?
He has been tired of entering the city and bought a comfortable residence outside the city where he can temporarily live.
In his later years, he hid his own traces only because he was not deep enough. The governor Wang Shu and Peng Li treated him respectfully with etiquette and wanted to keep him in his own government, but he refused on the grounds that his mother was old.
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There was a county prefect who recruited painters to paint the walls of his home.
The villagers who were jealous of Shen Zhou's village, reported his name, and Shen Zhou was arrested.
Someone advised Shen Zhou to visit the princes and nobles in order to get pardon, but Shen Zhou said: "I went to serve, this is an obligation; but isn't it even more shameful to ask me to visit those princes and nobles? "I went home after completing the labor service.
Not long after, the prefect entered the palace to pay homage to the emperor. The department in charge of selecting officials asked the prefect: "Is Mr. Shen Zhou still healthy? "The prefect didn't know what to answer, so he responded casually, "He's fine. "
paid a visit to the cabinet, and Li Dongyang asked him: "Does Mr. Shen Zhou believe me? "The prefect was even more shocked and responded casually: "I have a letter, but it has not been delivered yet."After the prefect came out, he hurriedly met with the minister Wu Kuan and asked him, "Who is Mr. Shen Zhou?" "
Wu Kuan explained Shen Zhou's appearance in detail. The prefect asked the servants around him, and then he realized that he was the gentleman who painted the walls of the house. After returning, he personally visited Shen Zhou's house, paid a few questions, and attributed the fault to himself.
Shen Zhou was unwilling to travel far away because of his mother. His mother died at the age of 99, and Shen Zhou also lived to be eighty.
"Imitation of Dong Ju's Landscape Picture" scroll (made in the ninth year of Chenghua, 1473 AD), "Cangzhou Fun Picture" volume, "Shu Yi Picture", "Mo Cai Picture" (the two original albums were originally albums, and later combined into volumes), "Lying Travel Picture". " Dongzhuang Picture ", "Peony", "Ban Chrysanthemum Appreciation Picture", "Smoke Rivers and Mountains" and "Lushan High Picture".
Original text of the work "Record the View of Snow and Moon"
Dingwei Year (1) The winter is warm and there is no snow. It starts on the third day of the first month of Wushen (2), and starts to clear on the fifth day (3). The wind is cold and cold but does not disappear (4), and it is still there on the tenth day. At that night, the moon emerges, the moon competes with the snow, and sits under the paper window, and feels bright and strange. Then he adds clothes and climbs the small building in the west of the stream. The building is surrounded by water, and all the undersides are clear (5), and four are confined to snow, like silver, if mercury is poured, the light shines on people, and the flesh and blood are bright. The moon reflects the clear waves, and the shadows of trees are floating on the trees. It is like seeing sparse hair in the mirror, free and lovely (6). The cold skin spreads (7), clear into the lungs, so I lean on the railing (8). I look up and be confused (9), and I suddenly realize (10); I don’t stop (11), and I don’t stop it; the spirit and things are blended, and people see the two wonders, and the sky will lead me to the land of Taisu (12), and I can’t follow the words and words (13), so that I can’t follow those who can’t follow. I have a lot of gains! I still think that the famous mountains and rivers in the world should be big, and the snow and the moon should have a god. I think I’m holding it with you He flies to the eighth face (14) and returns to his heart. Although his sweat is not easy to calm down (15), his old age is weak (16), and there are people who are not as cold as he is. He sang down the stairs, and the night has passed two drums (17). He still returns to the window, and sits as if he is lost (18). I remember that this scene has not been encountered many times in my life, but I am forgotten about the day and look for several days (19), but I don’t know what it says (20), so I wrote it.
[Lushan High]
Lushan High, how high! It is a distance of 250 miles. It is almost 2,300 feet long, which means it is to apply to the shallow land. How dare you compete for the might of your strength? From the west, the heavenly chasm washes its feet, and the clouds suck and spit into its chest every night. Back to the cliff and Dazhang The ghost hand was broken, and the stream was opened with a thousand feet. The waterfall was gurgling and the thunder was not over. The ears were deafening when hearing it. At that time, there were fallen leaves in it, and the frost rainbow flowed straight down to Pengli. The golden ointment water was green and could not be found, and the stone forest was dark and black. The five old men in the Yang peaks might have suspected that the essence of the star was empty. Master Chen, now Zhonggong, under the aristocratic family, Yuan Jizu moved to Jiangdong. He knew that Lu Ling had a tacit understanding and traveled thousands of miles to Gong. The Duke also looked west to the old capital, so he wanted to go to Yunsong to the five old lairs. He heard that Ziyang worshiped the six old people, so he might as well add Gong to the seven old men. I often traveled to Gong The door, and the Gong is high. I do not respect the hill garden and escape from seventy lust, and my writings are as white as autumn bunches. My writings can be combined with the tomb and the poems are elegant, and I am happy in it. I am honored by fame and fortune. I do not write a book to recommend myself, and the lower ones are unfair to communicate. I am not good at all! The vastness is on the surface of things, and the yellow swan is held high and the wind is in the sky.
[ chanting the curtain ]
She is satisfied with the embroidered rain and carries flowers, and I am not lucky to ride bamboo.
I know I am not lucky to be together It is difficult to enter lightly, dare to compete with the swallows of flowers?
[Picture]
The tender boxwood willows have no crows, and the red peaches on the other side are half a flower.
Such a scenery is really like the painting, so naturally I love my family.
[Send Yunhui]
Lu Lang stays for a few days in the spring mountains, and the mountains and birds and flowers are all affectionate.
White plums and red peaches are blocked, and the orioles stay two or three times.
[Title of Dr. Ke Jing Zhong Bamboo Branch]
Purple smoke blows wet the green gauze, and I know that the ink of Kui Zhang is not broken.
Don’t ask about the gentleman’s return, the spring rain and apricot flowers in the south of the Yangtze River are cold.
[Gardenia]
Snow Soul Ice Flowers are cool and clear, and the spirit is bright in the depths of the curved corridor.
A hook of crescent moon wind, secretly sending the fragrance into the painting courtyard
[Small scenery of the stream pavilion]
The quiet pavilion is called the underworld, and Liaozhu Shaping is in a short distance.
The mountain rain suddenly comes and the stream clouds are about to fall into the bamboo shoots.
The eaves are built with male and female swallows, and the fences are covered with autumn insects and hens.
This section of the scenery is beautiful, and it may be selfless.
[Under the sunny moonlight, the moonlight, the view of apricot blossoms in the Qingyun Temple ]
The apricot blossoms are just blooming red all over the city, I sleep in the monk's room and hear the sound of rain.
Invading the morning and looking at the red beauty quickly, looking at the two plants in the room to make you clear.
also sits at and at night, and keeps bees and butterflies from fighting.
is rich and rich, and it also uses the moon to make you more beautiful and clear.
The green apple flowing water is not enough, and the golden lotus has a beautiful look.
The moon is empty in the garden and the flowers are silent, but the wind is fragrant.
The old monk used to being disgusted with it, but he loved the little paper Yanzhiying.
Gaozhai vernacular wall can grow, and people can't help but feel sad.
Shen Zhou's landscape painting art inherited the style of Wang Meng, one of the four Yuan sects, and also engaged in the style of the Southern Song Dynasty, forming a style with rigorous composition, neat brushwork and meticulous layout, mainly adopted the style of Wuzhen , and also engaged in the painting methods of Ni Zan , Huang Gongwang and others, forming their concise composition,
From the perspective of painting style, it can be roughly divided into three stages: the early stage of laying the foundation, the middle stage of formation and development, the late stage of thick brushwork, mature lines, and profound artistic conception.
Shen Zhou has played a role in inheriting the past and opening up the future in the field of literati painting since the Yuan and Ming dynasties. His calligraphy master Huang Tingjian was particularly accomplished in painting. He was also skilled in landscapes, flowers and birds, and was able to draw characters. He made outstanding achievements in landscapes, flowers and birds. Shen Zhou's paintings have comprehensive skills and simple skills. He has his own creations based on learning from the Song and Yuan dynasties. He has developed the expression techniques of literati freehand landscapes and flower and bird paintings, and has become the leader of the Wumen School of Painting. Some of the landscape paintings I have written describe mountains and rivers, and express the three distant scenery of traditional landscape paintings. Most of the works describe southern landscapes and garden scenery, expressing the leisurely interest of the literati's life at that time.
In terms of painting methods, Shen Zhou endured his family education in his early years and also studied under Du Qiong . Later, he gained all his strengths and went to various schools in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and later formed his own family [3]. Shen Zhou often made small pictures in his early years, and began to draw large pictures after he was 40 years old. His paintings in middle age were rigorous and delicate, and he practiced with his pen and was able to win with his bones. His pen and ink were rough, simple and bold, and his momentum was strong. Shen Zhou's paintings are comprehensive and he has his own creations based on learning from his predecessors.
Shen Zhou's paintings have made two major contributions to traditional landscape painting:
One, integrating south into north, and promoting the tradition of literati painting. Like Shen Zhou's rough brushwork, the use of the brush incorporates the sense of force and hardness of the Zhejiang School, and the hills and valleys add the bones and momentum to protect people, integrating the vastness and thickness of the Southern Song Dynasty with the magnificence and mellowness of the Northern Song Dynasty. The emotions expressed also change from quietness and coldness to grand and peacefulness.
The second is to further combine poetry, calligraphy and painting. Shen Zhou's calligraphy is learned from Huang Tingjian, and his calligraphy style is "strong and strange", which is very similar and coordinated with his vigorous and thick landscape paintings. He also applied the method of using wrists and brushstrokes in calligraphy to painting. Shen Zhou was also a poet, and when he was old, he was "stricken and upset, rich and old." He combined this style of poetry with the painting pattern to make the paintings he made more poetic and picturesque.
Shen Zhou's representative works are mostly hidden in large museums. The Palace Museum has exquisite works, including the "Imitation of Dong Ju's Landscape Picture", the "Cangzhou Fun Picture", the "Shi Yi Picture", the "Imitation Picture", the "Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture", the "Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation Picture of the Imitation The Nanjing Museum also contains Shen Zhou's fine works, including the "Dongzhuang Picture" and "Peony". This painting was in 1506, when Shen Zhou was 81 years old. The Liaoning Museum contains two masterpieces by Shen Zhou. One is the scroll "Admiring the Scenery of the Bowl of Chrysanthemums". There are three people who drink and appreciate chrysanthemums in the pavilion. They have a leisurely style, sparse style, and pleasant scenery.Another is the "Picture of Smoke Rivers and Mountains", written in the second year of Zhengde (1507). The use of brush and ink is as good as you want, full of paper and smoke. It is truly a masterpiece of Shen Zhou's 82-year-old old age.
In 2010, Shen Zhou's "Pine Window Grand Master" vertical scroll launched by Beijing Jiuge International Auction Company was hammered with a hammer of 152.3 million yuan, becoming one of the top ten most expensive artworks in 2010.
The Shen family has lived in seclusion in Wumen for generations, living in SuzhouXiangcheng. Shen Zhou's great-grandfather was Wang Meng's friend; his father Shen Hengji was also a student of Du Qiong. Calligraphy and painting are the origin of the academic knowledge. My father and uncle are both famous in the village for their poetry, calligraphy and painting.
Lushan High picture is a carefully written work by Shen Zhou to congratulate his teacher Chen Kuan on his 70th birthday when he was 41 years old. This painting imitates Wang Meng's brushwork. In the picture, the mountains are layered, the plants and trees are lush, and the momentum is magnificent. On the hillside at the lower right corner of the picture, two strong pine trees are twisted and wrapped around, forming a close-up view; the middle scene of is centered on the famous Lushan Waterfall, with the water curtain hanging high and the flowing flow down straight. The wooden bridge between the two cliffs is obliquely spanning, breaking the dullness of the flowing water and flying white, and the rocky cliffs on both sides are in a restrained state. The main peak of Mount Lu is towering above the waterfall, clouds and mist are floating, and the mountain is gradually rising. The composition consists of the close-up hillside twisted pine trees, the middle-view waterfalls, rocks, cliffs, and the distant main peak of Mount Lu, from bottom to top, from near to far, from near, middle and far, and is completed in one go, forming an S-shaped curve. This composition method is very similar to the Southern Song Dynasty Academy program; the close-up treatment is also very similar to the "one corner" scene of Ma Yuan . The whole picture is full of peaks, and the crowds are hidden, and the competition is really the work of everyone. The author of this picture recognizes the seal script of "Lushan Gao" and writes a long song in ancient style. Finally, he recognizes "Chenghua Dinghai, the Dragon Boat Festival, the family grows and grows the city of Changzhou
