Xun is an ancient northern nomad nation that emerged at the foot of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia. "Records of the Grand Historian: Biography of the Xiongnu" records: "The ancestor of the Xiongnu was named Chunwei, the Miao descendant of the Xiahou clan, and was called Chunwei. Above Tang and Yu, there were Shanrong, Yu, and the Xia tribe that moved northward in the late Xia and early Shang dynasties, Chunwei, who was relocated to the Xiongnu, and lived in the Northern Barbarians for generations and moved with the livestock."
It can be said that in ancient Chinese books, the Xiongnu were powerful nomadic people north of the Central Plains at the end of the Qin Dynasty and early Han Dynasty. Since Han Dynasty , the Huns have invaded the Central Plains border from time to time, and the Han Dynasty and the Huns have fought each other for hundreds of years. After the split of the Huns, the southern part became increasingly close to the Central Plains and gradually became sinicized, and no longer regarded the Han Dynasty as an enemy. The northern part could only move westward under the pressure of the Han Dynasty. In addition, some parts of the Huns survived and reproduced in the northern grasslands, and the Turks were one of them.
At that time, although the Turks could be settled in a corner, they were afraid of the strength of Rouran Khanate , so they could only accept their slavery against their will, forging iron tools for them all day long, and willing to be slaves. In 546 AD, the Rouran Khanate was invaded by the enemy and the situation was very critical. The Tumen was the leader of the Turks and had always been very dissatisfied with the arrogant Rouran Khanate. But at this critical moment, he decided to fight side by side with the Rouran Khanate. Under the leadership of Tumen, the Turkic soldiers fought desperately toward the enemy and finally won the victory.
When rewarding merits, Tumen made self-reliant military achievements, hoping to marry the princess of the Rouran Khanate, so as to form a strong alliance with the Rouran Khanate. So he excitedly sent an envoy to express his request to Anazh, the monarch of the Rouran Khanate. However, Ana's eyes are higher than the top and always regards Turkic as his servant. This time, although he received help from the Turks, in his opinion, this was what the Turks should have done. So he sent an envoy to Tumen, saying, "You are the slave who built iron tools for me. Can you say what you propose to the princess?"
Tumen was angry after hearing this and killed the envoy of Rouran on the spot. Then, Tumen announced that it was incompatible with the Rouran Khanate. In order to seek help from other countries, Tumen asked the princess for the Western Wei , hoping that the Western Wei could become ally with the Turks.
Western Wei Yuwen Tai has always wanted to expand the strength of his country. At this time, I saw the Turks take the initiative to show their kindness, and it was simply unsuccessful to see them. So he happily agreed to Tumen's request and married Princess Changle to him. After the Tumen married the princess, their relationship with the Western Wei Dynasty became increasingly close. With the help of the Western Wei Dynasty, coupled with the Tumen constantly recruiting troops, the Turkic strength gradually became stronger. After his waist was straightened, the Tumen decided to send troops to attack Rouran to avenge Anan's humiliation. Rouran felt very disdainful when he saw that the once timid Turks dared to launch an army to invade. Anar even took the battle personally, trying to defeat the Turks in one fell swoop and make the Tumen surrender to their feet again.
At the beginning of the battle, the two started a fierce battle. But as he fought, Anacon felt something was wrong. The Turkic soldiers cried out in the sky, and they kept coming like tides, and could not be repelled. Seeing that the slave who built iron tools for himself in the past was so brave, Anar was shocked and frightened, and didn't know what to do. In the end, the Turkic army won a great victory and fought Rouran in panic. After the defeat, Anan was very dazed and discouraged. He ended his life by committing suicide. From then on, the Rouran Khanate was in a slump and slowly headed for decline. While avenging its shame, the Tumen also established the reputation of the Turks.
The ambition of Tumen was not satisfied with capturing cities and plundering villages. He decided to establish a Turkic regime and prove the strength of the Turkic countries to the surrounding countries. Therefore, the Tumen called himself Yili Khan and used the wolf as a totem to enhance the cohesion between the Turks. The efforts of the Tumen were not in vain. After the establishment of the Turkic regime, the overall strength made a qualitative leap. After the death of Tumen, his descendants emerged in great numbers and beat Rouran so hard that he dared not look up. In 555 AD, Mugan Khan, a descendant of Tumen, completely eliminated the remaining power of Rouran. In 556 AD, Mugan Khan and the Western Wei launched an attack on Tuyuhun.After the victory, the two countries took advantage of the situation to attack Khitan in the east and chased the khi bones in the north.
Since then, no one in Mobei dares to compete with the Turks.
Northern Zhou and Western Wei were of the same lineage. After the rise of the Turks, they did not forget their friendship with the Western Wei, and Mugan Khan still maintained a good relationship with the Northern Zhou. In the third year of Baoding (563), Mugan Khan led 100,000 elite Turkic soldiers and Yang Zhong, the general of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, to launch an attack on Jinyang (now southwest of Taiyuan) of the Northern Qi Dynasty. Although it was snowing heavily, there was no big gain. However, the coordinated combat between the two armies has invisibly made the relationship between the two countries closer. Subsequently, the Turks married the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou married the daughter of Mugan Khan. However, although marriage can continue the friendship between the two countries, it cannot make the alliance unbreakable.
Northern Zhou Wudi Yuwen YongAfter unifying the north, he slowly placed his expanding gaze on the Turks. Afterwards, Yuwen Yong decided to lead his troops to attack the Turks in order to gain greater benefits. Although, he died on the way to the expedition and did not cause any losses to the Turks. However, the relationship between the two countries has become increasingly tense. In the first year of Dacheng (579), in order to ease relations with the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Turkic Tubo Khan requested the Northern Zhou Dynasty to marry the princess of the Northern Zhou Dynasty.
At that time, the person in power in the Northern Zhou Dynasty was Emperor Xuan Yuwen Rong. Unlike his ambitious father, Yuwenjun began to enjoy himself after ascending the throne, having fun in the harem all day and having no time to consider things in the north. At this time, he saw the Turks plead with love, so he cheered up and decided to betroth the daughter of King Yuwen Zhao, the daughter of King Yuwen Zhao, to Tuobo Khan. However, although Emperor Xuan agreed to marry, he added a premise, that is, the Turks must capture Gao Shaoyi, the King of Fanyang of Northern Qi, as a betrothal gift.
After hearing this, Tuobo Khan felt that the matter was too difficult, so he did not agree. In the end, the matter of the marriage between the Qianjin Princess and the Turks could only be temporarily interrupted. The Turks believed that although the Northern Zhou Dynasty agreed to marry, they did not have the sincerity of marrying each other, so they planned to create friction on the northern border Bingzhou (now Taiyuan, Shanxi) to show the Turkish military power. Seeing that the Turks were tough, Emperor Xuan decided to marry the daughter of the princess to show friendship after thinking about it.
However, Emperor Xuan knew that the friendly relations between the two countries could not last long.
So, on the one hand, he asked people to prepare for marriage, and on the other hand, he mobilized the people in the east of Taihang Mountain to build defensive fortifications.
Years, the Turkic bride welcome team arrived at the capital of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Chang'an , preparing to marry the princess of the daughter of the daughter. At this time, the political situation in the Northern Zhou Dynasty suddenly changed, Emperor Xuan suddenly passed away due to illness, and the power of the government fell into Yang Jian's hands. The king died suddenly, but the Northern Zhou Dynasty decided to marry the princess of the daughter to the Turks as agreed. Under the protection of important officials of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the daughter-in-law walked through the long yellow sand and married into the Turks.
In fact, Yang Jian still has his own plans for marriage. In the bride-sending team, he specially sent his confidant He Ruoyi. Before leaving, Yang Jian instructed him to bribe the Turks with a large sum of money, and to make sure that Tuobo Khan agree to capture Gao Shaoyi. After He Ruoyi's easy-going team entered the Turkic team, he immediately exerted great benefits to Tuobo Khan and successfully convinced Tuobo Khan. After
, Tuobo Khan invited Gao Shaoyi in the name of hunting, and then suddenly captured him. In this way, Yang Jian got his wish and imprisoned Gao Shaoyi in Chang'an.
On the other hand, Yang Jian began to suppress the Yuwen clan.
The father of the daughter Yuwen Zhao invited Yang Jian to the banquet after her daughter got married, and wanted to kill Yang Jian during the meal. However, Yang Jian had already discovered his conspiracy. Not only did Yuwen Zhao fail to assassinate successfully, he was killed by Yang Jian. Seeing that the power of the Yuwen family could no longer threaten him, Yang Jian decided to ascend the throne and abolish Zhou and Sui. After ascending the throne, he was still worried that Yuwen would take the opportunity to cause trouble, so he ordered a major purge of Yuwen. Soon, almost all the relatives of the daughter princess fell under Yang Jian's butcher knife.
For the daughter-in-law who married far away, she not only has no homeland, but also has no relatives.
After the establishment of the Sui Dynasty, Yang Jian twisted all the forces in the country together and determined to do something earth-shaking. He saw the Turks gradually growing bigger and felt that they had to be on guard. However, the Central Plains had not yet been unified at this time, and he felt that going to war with the Turks was not a wise move. So he ordered the construction of the Great Wall, and then tens of thousands of soldiers were deployed on the border to prevent changes.
The political situation in the Northern Zhou Dynasty suddenly changed, and internal strife occurred on the Turks.
Tuobo Khan was seriously ill and knew that he would die soon. He said to his son Anluo on the hospital bed: "Brother did not pass the Khan throne to his son, but let me be the Khan. When I ascended the throne, I have always been grateful to him. I know that there are not a few days to live. In order to repay my brother's kindness, I decided to pass the Khan throne to his brother's son Daluo." As soon as these words came out, the Turks were in an uproar. Many chiefs denied Tuobo Khan's decision on the grounds that Daluo changed his mother's status was not high.
Among them, the most powerful chief photo publicly supported Anluo and threatened Tuobo Khan: If Anluo did not allow Anluo to ascend the throne, he would lead his troops to be independent and no longer follow the Khan's orders. In desperation, Tuobo Khan had to do what the photograph said. However, Da Luo was very angry when he saw that the sweat position he was about to get was flying. He did not accept Anluo's rule and kept provoking trouble to create friction. Seeing that with his own strength, Anaruo could not stabilize the Turks, he took the initiative to give up the Khan position to the photograph, wanting to leave the vortex of struggle.
photos accepted the khan position calmly, and then called himself Shaboluo Khan . Sha Boluo Khan was far-sighted, so he asked Anluo, Daluo and Yujue to be in charge of a force to maintain the balance between the Turkic tribes. Under his plan, the tribes no longer cause trouble, and the Turks returned to unification after a brief split. According to the Turkic customs, while inheriting the Khan throne, Shaboluo Khan also regarded the daughter of the princess as his wife.
年后六后六后六后六后六后六后六后六后六后六后六后六后六后六后六后六后六后六后六后六后六后六后六后后六后后六后后六后后六后后六后后六后后六后后六后后后六后后后六后后� She cried all day and night, asking the Turks to send troops to attack the Sui Dynasty and avenge herself. Looking at the crying wife of Lihua with rain beside her, Sha Boluo gradually became hostile to the Sui Dynasty. In addition, seeing that the Sui Dynasty was constantly stationing troops on the border to defend, he decided to take the initiative and lead an army of 400,000 to attack the Sui Dynasty. The Turks had been established for a long time, and their military strength could not be resisted by the newly established Sui Dynasty.
Under the leadership of Sha Boluo, the Turkic cavalry marched rapidly, as if they were entering a land of no one, and the Sui army was defeated and retreated step by step. Seeing the Turkic army approaching, Yang Jian was so anxious that he didn't know what to do. At this time, Changsun Sheng , which has always been famous for its wisdom, took the initiative to stand up. He once escorted the daughter-in-law into the Turks, so he was very familiar with the various situations of the Turks. In his opinion, although the Turks were coming in a fierce manner, they were not a solid piece of iron inside.
For example: Sha Boluo's younger brother Luo Hou has always been dissatisfied and always wants to improve his status. The other khans always disobeyed Sha Bo, but they did not act rashly for the sake of the Turkic stability. Under his plan, Yang Jian sent envoys to express his friendship with the Turkic tribes, and deliberately ignored Sha Boluo, and imposed the highest etiquette on other khans. In addition, Changsun Sheng also went to Huanglong Road (now Chaoyang, Liaoning) to contact the Khitan and other departments, asking them to persuade Luo Hou and let Luo Hou split from the Turks.
Changsun Sheng's plan was very effective, and a quarrel broke out within the Turks soon. Sha Boluo was always worried that others would covet his position of Khan. At this time, he saw that the etiquettes received by other Khans were more solemn than their own, and he even more suspected that they had collusion with the Sui Dynasty. He wanted to take advantage of the victory to go south and destroy the Sui Dynasty in one fell swoop, but the other troops were always reluctant to attack. Sha Bo was a little indignant, and he also heard that someone was secretly planning to split the Turks. He was worried that the rear was unstable, so he ordered his troops to retreat.
A catastrophe was destroyed by Changsun Sheng invisibly.
After Yang Jian unified the Central Plains, he believed that the Turks were not eliminated and was always a major concern of the Sui Dynasty. So, he ordered King of Wei, Yang Shuang, and others to lead the army north and divide the troops into eight directions to attack the Turks.At this time, the Sui Dynasty had already gone south to destroy Chen, which was no longer the same as before. Sha Boluo wanted to lead the army to resist, but as soon as he fought, he was stunned by the combat effectiveness of the Sui army. After the Sui army wiped out all the heroes in the Central Plains, the morale was very strong and they were about to unify the world in one go. After seeing the Turkic army at this time, it was like a tiger going down the mountain.
Changsun Sheng attacked with the army this time. He used his same trick again and again to separate the Turkic troops, causing the Turkic energy to be severely damaged by internal strife and external troubles, and was on the verge of extinction. Seeing that the situation was hopeless, Sha Bo had to show kindness to the Sui Dynasty. His wife, Princess Qianjin, even wrote a letter to Emperor Wen of Sui, Yang Jian, asking to change his surname to Yang and ask the Sui Dynasty to release the Turks. Seeing that the Turks were no longer threatened, Yang Jian was happy to go with the flow and changed his title to Princess Qianjin to Princess Dayi.
In order to show the Sui Dynasty's desire to win over, Yang Jian specially gave a priceless jade screen to Princess Dayi. The princess knew that the screen was seized by the Sui army in Chen Houzhu Palace. After seeing the screen, she naturally remembered her destructive homeland and relatives. For a moment, she was so sad that she couldn't help but write a long poem on the screen:
Rise and fall, and the world is like duckweed;
glory is really hard to guard, and the pool platform will eventually calm down.
Where is the wealth and honor now? I write my own paintings in my empty words;
I always have no joy in my wine, and the strings and songs are very loud. More than
royal sons drifted into the prison court;
once saw success or failure, he suddenly hugged.
This has been the case since ancient times, not only my name;
Only the wise king is so sad that he is far away from marrying.
This poem expresses the princess's grief to the fullest. She was originally a royal princess. She has been wearing clothes and food since she was a child, and she can be satisfied with whatever she wants. Unfortunately, her gracefulness and youthful youth can only become tools to maintain bilateral relations. At this time, things change and people change, and they are wandering in a foreign country. How could she not lament?
This poem is very good at writing, so it has been passed down. There is a line in the poem "I am a royal son who drifted into the barbarian court." I don't know whether the "barbarian court" in the princess's poem refers to the Turks or the Sui Dynasty, or both, but Yang Jian believes that it refers to the Sui Dynasty. After learning about the princess’s poem, Yang Jian realized that the princess still resented herself in her heart.
He was worried that the princess would incite the Turks to attack again in the future, so he decided to kill the princess. At this moment, the Turkic Turi Khan requested intermarriage from the Sui Dynasty. Yang Jian said to the Turkic envoy viciously: "As long as Princess Dayi can be killed, I will be betrothed the princess to Turi Khan." In order to ensure that Princess Dayi can be removed, Yang Jian also specially gave it to the four Central Plains beauties of the Turkic. In addition, Changsun Sheng secretly sent someone to send messages in the Turks, saying that Princess Dayi had committed adultery with someone in order to make the princess suspicious of her husband.
At that time, Sha Boluo Khan was dead, and his son Yong Yu inherited the throne of Khan and was named Dulan Khan. According to Turkic customs, Princess Dayi's husband became Tuli's brother Dulan Khan. For his own benefit, Tuli Khan kept slandering in front of his brother. Du Lan Khan had already suspected that the princess had committed adultery with others, and after hearing his younger brother's provocation, he was even more furious. In the end, Dulan Khan raised his butcher knife and killed Princess Dayi with his own hands.
Yang Jian heard that the princess was dead, and the stone in his heart finally dropped.
It can be said that among the many and the princess , the daughter princess is one of the most miserable fate. Although other princesses are unfortunate, there is at least a country behind them that supports them, ensuring their status in foreign countries. The daughter-in-law not only has the country destroyed but also the family is destroyed. She is smart and smart, has a strong personality, and is quite strategic. Her personal abilities are outstanding in the vast team of princesses, but she still cannot escape the miserable fate. Especially when reading her poem and thinking of her miserable life and extremely heavy burdens, it is impossible to let people feel moved and sympathize.
However, from the perspective of the world, the death of the princess was a major victory of the Sui Dynasty, which means that the war has stopped, the national strength of the Sui Dynasty is booming and is gradually becoming a great dynasty.
Reference materials:
["Records of the Grand Historian·Biography of the Huns", "Biography of the Ninety-Nine Biography of the Northern History Volume 87", "Death of the Thousand Golden Princess"]
