Late at night on September 11, 2018, the famous online writer Tang Jiasan Shao posted a grief that the news announced his wife's death: "My Muzi is gone." Since his wife was diagnosed with cancer, he has been with his wife for nearly three years.
What took Li Mo's life was the terrible and well-known breast cancer .
Since his wife was diagnosed with breast cancer, he has been with his wife for nearly three years. Unfortunately, the weather was not good, and "Muzi" still lost to breast cancer.
In 2013, the famous actress Angelina Jolie learned that she was a carrier of the BRCAI defect gene, and the probability of having breast cancer was as high as 87%, and the probability of having ovarian cancer was as high as 50%. She decided to reduce the risk of cancer by undergoing preventive mastectomy and ovarian cancer and tubulectomy. She hopes that women with this risk can also undergo genetic tests. has attracted worldwide attention to "genetic testing" .
Angelina Jolie
"Why do I need to remove my breasts"
My mother fought with cancer for nearly 10 years and died at the age of 56. She struggled to hold on until she looked forward to her first few grandchildren and hugged them in her arms. But my other children didn't have the chance to know her, nor did they know how loving and kind their grandmother was.
We often talk about "mom's mother" together. I have to work hard to explain to them what kind of disease it is that took her away from us. They once asked me if I would have the same disease. I have always told the kids not to worry, but in fact, I carry the gene that " has a problem with " - BRCA1, and it greatly increases my risk of breast and ovarian cancer.
My doctors predict that my risk of breast cancer is 87% and my risk of ovarian cancer is 50%, but for every woman, the probability of risk is different. Only a small number of breast cancers are caused by hereditary genetic mutations. On average, people with BRCA1 deficiency have a 65% risk of breast cancer.
In addition to breast cancer, the number one killer for women, cervical cancer is also the malignant tumor with the highest incidence rate among female friends, and has become the biggest killer that endangers women's health.
Recently, "Shanghai's No. 1 Beauty" Shen Lijun committed suicide by jumping off a building. Shen Lijun made her debut as an internet celebrity, but later she began to be involved in the entertainment industry. She once co-starred with Louis Koo . But after getting married, he returned to his family and rarely went out to work. Unexpectedly, he was interfered with the marriage by the mistress. The mistress even took the initiative to clamor Shen Lijun and let his original wife share her husband with him. In the end, Shen Lijun was overwhelmed and jumped off the building to end her life!
Shen Lijun died because her husband did something wrong, but the tragedy was borne by this poor woman. Don’t say “Why are you afraid of even death and why are you afraid of living”. Only when you are in the scene can you feel the darkness that is desperate to the bone. But who knows that this poor woman not only experiences emotional harm, but also the huge torture caused by illness. Before , Shen Lijun was already in the late stage of cervical cancer.
Shen Lijun's departure is a pity. Even if she loses to marriage, she should not choose to leave like this, but how could the disease let her go?
Cervical cancer is the second killer of women aged 15 to 44 in the world, second only to breast cancer!
When it comes to cervical cancer, most people are not unfamiliar with it. It is the most common gynecological malignant tumor, with the number of new cases worldwide reaching 460,000 every year. In China, there are about 131,500 new cervical cancer patients each year, accounting for 1/3 of the world's number of patients.
What factors are related to the occurrence of cervical cancer?
1. Cervical cancer is a cancer closely related to "sex". With sex, it may be eyeing you!
150 years ago, people found that cervical cancer is extremely rare among nuns. Many studies have pointed out that marital birth conditions and sexual confusion, such as the age of first sexual intercourse and multiple sexual partners are closely related to cervical cancer.
The first sexual life age is too early. For example, if the patient is <18>
The relative risk of ≥10 sexual partners is 3 times higher than that of ≤1 sexual partners. A study in the United States in 1989 showed that the number of sexual partners is ≥10, accounting for 36% of the new cases of cervical cancer, indicating that multiple sexual partners have obvious correlations with cervical carcinoma in situ and cervical cancer.
The risk of cervical cancer in patients with anal sex is also increasing, but whether this correlation is real or only reflects other aspects of sexual behavior between the two parties or is related to sexual hygiene is still unclear.
When human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-II), cytomegalovirus (CMV), chlamydia, bacteria and other carcinogenic factors enter the female reproductive tract, it can lead to repeated infection of the cervical erosion surface, thereby inducing cervical cancer.
2. The number of pregnancy and birth rates will also increase the risk of cervical cancer!
In a survey and study of patients with cervical cancer in China, 77 cases had ≥3 pregnancy times, accounting for 80.21% of the total number of patients. Multiple pregnancy and delivery will cause changes such as cervical tear and erosion, resulting in atypical dysplasia of immature cells or hyperplasia of squamous epithelial cells. When the causes of these atypical dysplasia continue to exist (such as multipregnancy and proliferation, etc.), these lesions can continue to develop into carcinoma in situ and eventually form invasive cancer.
3. Long-term use of oral contraceptives can also increase the risk of cervical cancer!
study shows that women who have used oral contraceptives for 5 to 9 years have an incidence of aggressive cancer at about three times, and women who have been using it for 10 years or more have a risk of about four times.
4. The main cause of cervical cancer is HPV virus infection!
Cervical cancer is caused by malignant epithelial tissue induced by high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) virus. At least 18 high-risk HPVs can cause cervical cancer. Studies have shown that high-risk HPV can be detected in 85% to 90% of cervical adenocarcinomas, while HPV-negative patients have almost no cervical cancer.
How scary is cervical cancer?
Early stages are mostly asymptomatic, which is not significantly different from chronic cervicitis. Sometimes the cervix is even smooth, especially in the elderly with atrophy of the cervix. The main symptoms are:
1. Vaginal bleeding: Young patients often show contact bleeding, which occurs after sexual life, gynecological examinations and bowel movements. The amount of bleeding can be greater or less, generally depends on the size of the lesion, invasion of blood vessels in the interstitial state. The amount of bleeding in the early stage is small, and the number of late stage lesions is more manifested as large bleeding. Once the larger blood vessels are eroded, it may cause fatal major bleeding. Young patients can also show prolonged menstrual period, shortened cycle, increased menstrual volume, etc. Elderly patients often complain of irregular vaginal bleeding after menopause.
2. Vaginal discharge: Patients often complain of increased vaginal discharge, white or bloody, thin like water or rice soup, and fishy smell. In the late stage, a large amount of purulent or rice soup-like foul leucorrhea is excreted due to cancer tissue rupture, tissue necrosis, secondary infection, etc.
3. Symptoms of advanced cancer: Secondary symptoms occur according to the range of lesions invasion. When the lesions affect the connective tissues of the pelvic cavity and the wall of the pelvic cavity, and compress the ureter or rectum and sciatic nerve, frequent urination, urgency, anal swelling, constipation, severe swelling of the limbs, swelling of the lower limbs, etc. In severe cases, it leads to ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis, and eventually uremia. At the end of the disease, patients may experience weight loss, anemia, fever and systemic failure.
Can cervical cancer be cured?
For most cervical cancers, the quality of the treatment effect and whether it can be cured depends on a particularly critical factor, which is staging. Therefore, the early detection of cervical cancer in is the most important thing. If it can be detected early, patients will get very good treatment results. In fact, clinical practice has found that 80% to 90% of patients with stage cervical cancer can be cured. Patients with stage II cervical cancer may not be that high, but at least 70% to 80% of patients can be cured. The treatment effect of stage 3 cervical cancer is completely different from that of early stages. About 40% to 50% of patients may have a longer chance of survival or cure. There may be only 10% to 20% left in patients with stage 4 cervical cancer.Therefore, the early detection and early treatment of cervical cancer have a particularly great impact on the prognosis of patients. So, in the final analysis, cervical cancer should be detected early and treated early to obtain good results.
Cervical cancer screening market space is large
my country's cervical cancer incidence and mortality rate have always remained high, but at the same time, cervical cancer is the only cancer with clear causes, early detection and early prevention. Almost all cervical cancer cases can be traced back to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
In 2009, the Chinese government officially launched the screening of "two cancers" (cervical cancer, breast cancer) at the national level. In 2014, the National Health and Family Planning Commission officially launched the pilot project of HPV screening for "two cancers" screening.
Professor Wu Ruifang, director of the gynecology department of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, introduced that driven by screening of "two cancers" (cervical cancer and breast cancer), the overall incidence has improved in the past two years. For example, in Shenzhen, cervical cancer, which was originally ranked second among female "killers", has retreated to seven or eight. However, the screening rate of cervical cancer in my country is still relatively low, with the screening rate in rural areas being 16.9%, and the screening rate in urban areas being 29.1%. Even the eastern urban agglomerations with better screening conditions are only 31.3%. "The average screening rate is around 20%," Wu Ruifang said that in Europe and the United States, this data is about 80%-90%.
Recently, the latest research report released by US market research firm Markets and Markets shows that the global cervical cancer screening market will reach US$22 billion in 2020, with a market value of US$15 billion in 2014, with an annual compound growth rate (CAGR) of 7.0% during the forecast period (2015-2020).
Early detection and treatment are the main principles of cervical cancer prevention and treatment. Therefore, in recent years, domestic companies have begun to make efforts in HPV testing. At present, there are more than 80 HPV molecular diagnostic reagents that have obtained medical device registration certificates, involving more than 40 companies. Representative overseas companies include Kaijie, Luoche, etc.; China has also shown a booming trend in recent years, represented by Kaipu, Jinyu, Daan, Yaneng, Hong Kong Dragon, Zhijiang, BGI, etc.
"self-sampling" technology seizes the market
HPV detection also involves various specific methods. Among them, the self-sampling HPV detection technology products of Roche and BGI and other companies are particularly eye-catching. "Self-sampling technology", as the name suggests, refers to a technology in which the subject does not need to travel long distances or wait for the doctor to take samples, but completes the sampling at home by the United States International Organization for Cancer Prevention (POI) after years of scientific research and demonstration.
Wu Ruifang introduced, "We recently saw in a multi-center study in China that there is no difference in the effect of 13,000 samples, self-sampling and doctor-sampling. "It was confirmed in a large sample population that HPV detection method can ensure the sensitivity of self-sampling to high-grade cervical lesions based on PCR. The data confirm that self-sampling samples can obtain similar sensitivity to direct sampling of doctors.
It is understood that self-sampling at home for cervical cancer screening has very obvious advantages. A large number of initial screening work without the intervention of medical personnel is possible, reducing screening costs and improving screening efficiency is possible, and screening covers all regions and populations. Consumers can purchase related products through , JD.com, , Tmall and other channels, and perform self-sampling at home according to the product instructions, and then send the sampling results to the corresponding institution through express delivery. After about a week, the test results can be found on the mobile app.
At present, in terms of self-sampling HPV detection technology in the domestic market, the two giants Roche and BGI have formed a strong competition. Roche-related products have been approved by the US FDA and have been recognized in the international market. BGI has local advantages and is stepping up its cooperation with more government community medical institutions and expanding the online and offline markets.
