Ms. Xie, who lives in Guangyuan , was touched by a doctor during the physical examination. At the beginning of this year, Ms. Xie went to a hospital for a re-examination. The results report showed that the largest nodule, , had exceeded 4 cm, and there were several small nodules. After the thyroid function test, Ms. Xie's indicators were normal. The doctor suggested that Ms. Xie observe for a while.
When Ms. Xie was in a follow-up examination half a year later, she found that the nodules had obviously grown up and there were many malignant indicators. After a biopsy, she was diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer and needed to prepare for the operation immediately. This made Ms. Xie a little unacceptable. It was still a benign nodule half a year ago, so why did it turn into cancer so quickly?
thyroid nodules should be taken seriously, be careful of cancer
According to China's epidemiological sampling survey in 2010, the total incidence of thyroid nodules in my country is 18.6%. Although thyroid nodules are likely to become cancerous, the probability is very small. People who find out that they have thyroid nodules do not have to worry too much. Clinically, among patients with thyroid nodules, 95% of thyroid nodules are benign, and only 5% will develop cancer.
But again, we cannot completely care. Thyroid nodules can be single or multiple. The incidence rate of nodules is relatively high, but the possibility of single nodules is carcinogenesis is relatively high.
The method of scientifically judging the benign and malignant thyroid nodules is to do serum thyroid stimulating hormone levels, other blood tests, neck ultrasound examinations, and fine thyroid needle puncture biopsy .
Most of the thyroid nodules are benign. For benign nodules, if the size does not exceed 3-5 cm and does not cause symptoms of pressure such as dysphagia during diet, difficulty breathing during sleep, hoarseness, etc., it is generally recommended to continue to observe and coexist peacefully with benign nodules.
If the thyroid nodule grows behind sternum , even if it is very small, it is recommended to perform surgery as soon as possible. The reason is that the blood vessels behind the sternum are very rich and there is no growth space for the nodules. The thyroid nodules will quickly cause compression symptoms, and once the nodules grow in this position, the operation will be very difficult in the future. How to treat
thyroid nodules?
For benign thyroid nodules, surgery is generally considered when symptoms occur or when the location is special, otherwise it is generally mainly based on observation.
The first choice for malignant nodules is surgical treatment. Not only the nodules need to be removed, but also some thyroid tissue, and even most or all of the thyroid glands.
For thyroid cancer , it is important to see whether the tumor is clean and whether it is subject to preventive lymphatic dissection in the first surgery, which directly determines the chance of recurrence and metastasis after the surgery. If you are a medium- and high-risk patient with thyroid cancer, you can use iodine 131 for internal radiation treatment after the operation.
In addition, if the normal function of the thyroid gland is affected after the operation, it is necessary to take levothyroxine for a long time. In addition to endocrine treatment, this drug can also inhibit the growth of tumors.
For papillary thyroid carcinoma with malignant nodules less than 1 cm, if the subtype has a low malignancy and does not meet the conditions for surgery, the surgery can be temporarily not performed. A follow-up examination is performed every 3 months, and the doctor will make a judgment and treatment.
Those who do not meet the surgical conditions include pregnant women, elderly people, people with poor cardiopulmonary function, etc.
How to prevent thyroid disease ?
prevention is particularly important compared to treatment after illness. Prevention can be started from the following points.
1. Regular check
Many thyroid diseases are not obvious when they occur in the early stage. When they are serious, they are often too late and the condition is serious. Therefore, it is important to check regularly to understand your own health, so that early detection and early treatment can be achieved.
2, healthy diet
The health of the thyroid is closely related to the diet. Many people eat unhealthy foods and often consume large amounts of high iodine foods or do not consume them at all. The human body's is iodine-deficient or excessive iodine will affect health. The thyroid will cause lesions due to the interference of iodine. If you have a healthy diet and a reasonable food combination, you can maintain the health of the thyroid.
3. Stay away from radioactive substances
Some people will be exposed to radiation due to the influence of their working environment or living environment. These radiations can easily damage the thyroid function, and even deform the cell nucleus, inducing cancer cells. Therefore, we must avoid the environment of opening the radiation and pay attention to good protection at work.
Many people have a lucky mentality, thinking that major diseases will not happen to them, and they are even reluctant to have physical examinations, for fear of having a physical examination, which is put before the horse. The diseases found in physical examinations can be detected and treated early to avoid aggravation. Not having physical examinations does not mean that the disease does not exist. The disease cannot be treated and will become more and more rampant. When you realize that you can't delay it, the condition is often very serious. This is why many people are the cause of late stages of cancer when they are examined. No matter how easy it is to cure the disease, it will become a difficult-to-treat major disease. #Qingfeng Plan##39 Health Super Group#
Reference:
[1] Differentiation and diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Health Times. 2020-9-1.
[2] There are nearly 200 million patients with thyroid diseases in my country, and the thyroid should be checked regularly. Health Times. 2019-5-23.
[3] Don't be nervous about thyroid nodules. Health Times. 2018-11-27.
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