1. Hyperplastic nodular goiter: intake of iodine is too high or too low, consumption of goiter-causing substances, taking goiter-causing drugs or thyroid hormone synthase defects, etc.
2, tumor nodules: benign thyroid tumors, thyroid papilloma, follicular cell carcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, lymphatic carcinoma and other thyroid follicular cells and non-follicular cell malignant tumors and metastatic cancers.
3, Cysts: nodular goiter, adenoma degenerative and old hemorrhage cystic changes, thyroid cancer cystic changes, congenital thyroid hyoid cysts and 4th gill slit residues.
4, Inflammatory nodules: Acute suppurative thyroiditis, subacute suppurative thyroiditis, and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis can all appear in nodular form. In rare cases, thyroid nodules are caused by tuberculosis or syphilis.
How to prevent thyroid nodules
1. The diet should be based on the principle of high calorie, high protein, high vitamins, appropriate amount of fat and sodium salt intake. Use less spicy and irritating condiments. The food should be soft and easy to digest, rich and nutritious; do not eat too much high-iodine food, such as kelp, seaweed, seaweed and algae foods, to prevent poor control of hyperthyroidism. No smoking, no alcohol, strong tea and coffee.
2. Provide sufficient vitamins and inorganic salts. Give adequate carbohydrates and fat. Carbohydrates and fats have the function of saving protein. If the supply is sufficient, the protein can exert its unique physiological functions. Vitamin inorganic salts can regulate physiological functions and improve the body's metabolism, especially vitamin B and vitamin C. Adequate calcium and iron should be given to prevent deficiency.
3. Patients should appropriately increase animal viscera, fresh green leafy vegetables, or supplement vitamin preparations in their diet, which are all methods for preventing thyroid nodules.
4. The central mood of daily life should be kept happy. People’s emotional activities are closely related to the function of hiding the mind and keeping the spirit. All are full of energy. Patients with cheerful minds generally have better results, but on the contrary, they are worse. Therefore, in terms of prevention, we should be caring and considerate to patients, talk more with patients, understand the patient's mental state, and guide the patient to put aside his thoughts and doubt
5. Pay attention to observing whether the patient's body has symptoms of hypermetabolic syndrome in life, whether the thyroid gland is swollen, whether the eyeball is prominent, and the nervous system. Cardiovascular system. Digestive system. Blood system. Reproductive system. Whether there is any abnormality in the motor system, and whether there is edema in the skin and limbs. Flush. The unusual manifestations such as wet pestle and strong fingers. Pay special attention to observing changes in body temperature and cardiovascular system to prevent the occurrence of hyperthyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
6. Pay attention to the dosage of the drug depends on the age of the patient. During treatment, you should pay attention to the changes in the condition, whether there is any allergic to thyroid drugs, whether there is a drug rash, liver damage, and leukocyte reduction. Liver function and blood routine should be reviewed regularly. Pay attention to decoction when using traditional Chinese medicine treatment. Methods for taking medicine, taboos during taking medicine. This is the symptomatic prevention of thyroid nodules.
