Picture丨Old Photos of Zhang Boju
Preface
" Chen Yi and Zhang Boju are you familiar with? " Chairman Mao looked at the elegiac couplet written by Zhang Boju to Chen Yi in front of him, and turned to ask Zhang Qian beside him.
In 1972, when Chairman Mao attended Chen Yi's memorial service, he found a couplet written by Zhang Boju. After learning about Zhang Boju's recent situation, he specially instructed Premier Zhou to solve Zhang Boju's problem. Just the day before Chen Yi passed away, the Museum of Literature and History had already prepared a letter of appointment for Zhang Boju, and was waiting for the leaders to review it. Chairman Mao’s instructions at the memorial service became the “east wind” that changed Zhang Boju’s fate.
"Are Chen Yi and Zhang Boju very familiar?"
"Shunt the car, I'm going to attend Comrade Chen Yi's memorial service!"
On the afternoon of January 10, 1972, Comrade Chen Yi's memorial service was about to begin. Chairman Mao, who usually had to rest for a while after lunch, couldn't sleep on this day. With the help of the staff, Chairman Mao sat in the study and flipped through a few pages of the book. When he learned that it was already 1:30, Chairman Mao made the decision to attend Chen Yi's memorial service.
Picture丨Chairman Mao who is studying
Chairman Mao's temporary decision made the staff around him suddenly fucked, but Chairman Mao did not explain too much, and after getting up, he walked towards the door tremblingly. At that time, Chairman Mao did not have time to change his pajamas and only wore a pair of thin trousers on his legs. Seeing that Chairman Mao was unwilling to change his clothes, the staff had to put on a coat for him.
Just as Chairman Mao got into the car to the memorial service, the staff hurriedly called Premier Zhou and told him that Chairman Mao would attend Comrade Chen Yi's memorial service. After hearing the news, Premier Zhou immediately called and made a series of arrangements. He hung up the phone and walked out without finding that he was still wearing pajamas.
Several guards held Premier Zhou's clothes and shoes behind him and asked Premier Zhou to change his clothes first. Premier Zhou said "change in the car" and got into the car. While urging the driver to drive quickly, he wanted to arrive before Chairman Mao, while changing clothes in the car with difficulty. Fortunately, Premier Zhou arrived at the memorial service before Chairman Mao. As soon as he got off the car, Premier Zhou quickly walked towards the lounge.
Picture丨Old photos of Chairman Mao and Chen Yi
Chen Yi's wife Zhang Qian and her children are already waiting in the lounge. When he heard Premier Zhou say that Chairman Mao was coming to attend the memorial service, Zhang Qian's tears immediately flowed down. Premier Zhou hurriedly comforted him and said he wanted to calm down. Just as Premier Zhou greeted and greeted other leaders attending the memorial service, the staff came to Premier Zhou and whispered a few words. Premier Zhou stood up and announced to everyone:
"Chairman Mao is here!"
Then Premier Zhou and everyone walked to the door to greet him. Chairman Mao was wearing a coat and thin wool pants on his legs. He got off the car with a little tiredness and walked towards the memorial service. Premier Zhou hurriedly came up and asked Chairman Mao why he came so early? Chairman Mao patted Premier Zhou's hand that supported himself and said:
"I can't sleep!"
Picture丨Chairman Mao shook hands cordially with Su Yu at Chen Yi's memorial service
Chairman Mao went to the lounge for a moment first, chatted with Prince Sihanouk , and Premier Zhou asked Chairman Mao when he would go to see Chen Yi's wife and children. Under the guidance of Premier Zhou, Chairman Mao came to the lounge where Zhang Qian's family was. When Zhang Qian saw Chairman Mao, she burst into tears again:
"Chairman, why are you here?"
" I'm here to mourn Comrade Chen Yi too! Comrade Chen Yi is a good person, a good comrade! " Chairman Mao held Zhang Qian's hand and said slowly. Zhang Qian controlled her emotions and said that Chen Yi had always been thinking about Chairman Mao. Later, Chen Yi was seriously ill and had some difficulty eating, but he still ate a little longevity noodles on Chairman Mao’s birthday and wished Chairman Mao’s birthday.
Chairman Mao immediately blushed after hearing this and asked Zhang Qian where the children were and let them come over.After meeting Chen Yi's four children, Chairman Mao shook hands with them cordially and encouraged them to continue to work hard. Zhang Qian was worried that Chairman Mao's health would not be able to bear it, so she persuaded him to sit for a while before going back first. Chairman Mao shook his head and refused:
"I want to attend the memorial service, give me a black veil."
pic丨Chairman Mao attended the memorial service of Chen Yi
Chairman Mao temporarily attended the memorial service of Chen Yi, and immediately raised the specifications of the memorial service. Under the arrangement of Premier Zhou, many comrades who were not allowed to attend the memorial service came one after another. The not-so-spacious auditorium was soon filled with people who bid farewell to Chen Yi. The belated comrades could only stand outside to see Chen Yi off.
The memorial service began on time at 3 pm. Zhang Qian helped Chairman Mao slowly walk towards the venue, with Premier Zhou and other leaders following closely behind. Chairman Mao was watching the wreaths on both sides while walking. A elegy couplet caught Chairman Mao’s attention, which read:
"By the sword from the clouds and the city is built, loyalty is not easy, the military voice is in Huaihai , the love is in the south of the Yangtze River, all the people are mourning, looking back at the beautiful mountains and rivers, leaving Chi County forever;
waves the sword to win the sun and hold the honor, and still has the courage to live, and have made contributions to the world. Nine springs should smile, stand in the new world, and tree red flags everywhere."
This elegy couplet not only summarizes Chen Yi's revolutionary battle career, but also praises Chen Yi's loyal character. Chairman Mao said softly After I went through it, I found that the signature of the elegiac couplet was Zhang Boju, so I turned to ask Zhang Qian:
"Is Chen Yi and Zhang Boju very familiar?"
Picture丨Zhang Qian supported Chairman Mao
Zhang Qian introduced the relationship between Chen Yi and Zhang Boju to Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao asked Zhang Boju again if he had come. Zhang Qian said that Zhang Boju and his wife were in a difficult situation and could not come to attend the memorial service. Chairman Mao learned about Zhang Boju’s recent situation and asked Premier Zhou to ask about it and solve Zhang Boju’s problem as soon as possible. Premier Zhou nodded repeatedly and agreed, saying that this matter would be implemented.
After Chen Yi's memorial service, the elegiac couplet he gave once became a hot topic in people's mouth. Chen Yi's death was a heavy blow to Zhang Boju. Although the two met for a short time, Chen Yi had the kindness of knowing Zhang Boju and had always cared for him.
"It turns out that the two of us have been in harmony for a long time"
In 1957, Chen Yi visited the Ming and Qing calligraphy and painting exhibition held in Beihai . Many famous works of ancient people were exhibited here. Chen Yi was quite interested in this. He heard the staff say that this exhibition was led by Zhang Boju, and many of the original works were donated by Zhang Boju. Chen Yi praised Zhang Boju's behavior.
pictures丨Old photos of Zhang Boju
Zhang Boju's father Zhang Zhenfang and Yuan Shikai are cousins. After Zhang Boju graduated from elementary school, he followed his father to Peiping and was admitted to the Central Army's mixed model cavalry regiment. After graduation, he was under the command of Zhang Zuolin and Wu Peifu . After the second Zhifeng War, Zhang Boju was disappointed with the situation of warlords' melee and decided to give up his career.
Zhang Zhenfang opened China's earliest Salt Bank at that time. After Zhang Boju gave up his career, he devoted himself to assisting his father in managing the bank and served as the executive director. At that time, many cultural relics of the Qing government were mortgaged in the salt bank. It was during that time that Zhang Boju had some research on antique calligraphy and paintings and gradually entered the antique collection circle.
Zhang Boju has a characteristic of collecting antiques. As long as it is a sure thing, it never bargains. As long as the seller says when to come to withdraw money, it is fine. This feature makes Zhang Boju quickly become famous in the antique circle. Many people don’t understand why Zhang Boju lost everything for collection. Zhang Boju once said:
“Gold is easy to obtain, national treasures are the same. I bought them not for money, but for fear that they will flow abroad.”
pic丨Young Zhang Boju
Among all Zhang Boju’s collections, "Pingfu Tie" and "Outlook for Spring" are his two most proud collections. When he bought "Pingfu Tie", he spent 40,000 yuan. According to the price at that time, this price The money can buy the house of the Prince Gong's Mansion in the capital. It can be said that he spent all his money for this collection.
The news that Zhang Boju bought "Pingfu Tie" quickly spread to the Japanese. The Japanese expressed their willingness to buy it from him at a price of 5 times, but Zhang Boju firmly disagreed. In order to avoid the threat of the Japanese, he even took his whole family to flee south and sewed the calligraphy and painting. Hidden in the quilt.
and "Spring Outing" is After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War , Zhang Boju accidentally learned that the collection was in the hands of an antique dealer. The other party offered a high price of 800 taels of gold. Later, he saw that Zhang Boju really wanted to protect the national treasure and agreed to reduce the price to 220 taels. According to the calculation that 5 taels of gold could be bought for Beijing Siheyuan , 220 taels were still a big number for Zhang Boju at that time.
pic丨"Pingfu Posts part
In order to successfully buy from the antiques, Zhang Boju sold the house where he lived, which was originally the residence of Li Lianying, and sold his home again. Many gold and silver jewelry only collected 220 taels of gold and bought "Spring Outing" from the merchants. Later, someone bid for four or five hundred taels of gold, but was rejected by Zhang Boju.
On the eve of the liberation of Peking, the Kuomintang sent people to persuade Zhang Boju to go to Taiwan or the United States to settle together, but was flatly rejected by Zhang Boju. Zhang Boju was active in his own various identities and worked actively to promote the liberation of Peking. In order to protect the cultural heritage in the city of Peking, Zhang Boju and Deng Baoshan and others persuaded Fu Zuoyi many times, and even Zhang Boju paid two pots of his favorite wintersweet .
After the founding of New China, Zhang Boju continued to pay attention to the development of Palace Museum , and the articles he collected throughout his life Most of the goods were donated to the Palace Museum, realizing his original intention of "they don't have to be the one who has collected them forever, but they will last forever and have a sense of success in our land." This also includes the "Pingfu Tie" and "Outlook for Spring" he bought for a lot of money.
pic 丨Certificate of praise obtained by Zhang Boju after donating cultural relics
After visiting the exhibition, Chen Yi specially invited Zhang Boju to his home to talk. As soon as he met, Chen Yi shook his hand and told Zhang Boju that he admired his contribution to protecting national cultural relics. The exhibition was also very meaningful and praised him for his rare poems. Zhang Boju said modestly:
"The boss has been awarded. In fact, I have always liked the poems you wrote. Today we both wish we met too late. "
" It turns out that the two of us have been in harmony with each other for a long time! " After hearing Zhang Boju's words, President Chen let out a burst of hearty laughter.
"Why don't you tell me your situation?"
After Zhang Boju and Chen Yi first met, the couple soon encountered some difficulties. Chen Yi was very uneasy when he learned about this situation and wanted to solve Zhang Boju's problem many times. When Yu Yifu went to Beijing for a meeting in 1960, Chen Yi mentioned Zhang Boju's situation in the conversation and asked Yu Yifu to work for Zhang Boju in Jilin. Yu Yifu agreed on the spot.
pic | Zhang Boju and his wife got together Film
At that time, Jilin Province was eager to seek talent. Jilin Provincial Party Committee Propaganda Minister Song Zhenting After learning about this situation, he immediately instructed the Jilin Provincial Cultural Bureau to send a telegram to Zhang Boju and his wife and sent someone to Beijing to invite him. Zhang Boju and his wife happily agreed. Before leaving, Zhang Boju was always uneasy. Since he had a conversation with Chen Yi, he admired the leader very much. Due to his identity, Zhang Boju did not dare to contact Chen Yi on his own initiative.
This time, the couple was about to go to the northeast. Zhang Boju wanted to say goodbye to CEO Chen no matter what, so he wrote a letter to Chen Yi, but was worried that it would have a bad impact on Chen Yi, so Zhang Boju burned the letter he wrote.After learning about this situation, his wife encouraged Zhang Boju to continue writing:
"Didn't Mr. Chen praise your contribution to protecting cultural relics that is admirable? Write again, send it out, why bother yourself."
Zhang Boju wrote a letter to Mr. Chen again, and then made preparations for sending, while looking forward to Mr. Chen's reply. One night, Chen Yi sent a car to Zhang Boju's house and took Zhang Boju and his wife to his home for a discussion. As soon as he met, he pulled Zhang Boju and sat on the sofa and asked:
"Why don't you tell me your situation?"
Picture丨Zhang Boju and his wife in his later years
Zhang Boju said that he didn't think of this situation either. At first, he couldn't figure it out and was unwilling to disturb Mr. Chen because of his own affairs. After hearing this, President Chen comforted him and said that he donated all his collection to the country for free, and that he loves the motherland. This is the first time Zhang Boju heard words affirming himself in a difficult situation for four years, and tears of excitement burst into tears.
Zhang Boju revealed all his inner grievances in front of Chen Yi. Chen Yi said that he had written to Jilin to correct his name and encouraged the couple to contribute to Jilin's cultural cause. After dinner, Chen Yi was still worried about sending Zhang Boju and his wife away, so he called the Jilin Provincial Party Committee again and asked them to unite and take good care of the two elderly people.
Soon Jilin Province sent someone to take Zhang Boju and his wife to Changchun, where they were treated warmly. The relevant departments arranged their work and life in an orderly manner. Zhang Boju served as the first deputy director of the Jilin Museum, and his wife served as an art teacher in the school. The couple kept in mind Chen Yi's instructions and tried their best to make their spare time at their jobs.
pic丨Zhang Boju and his wife who are discussing painting skills
At the beginning of 1962, the museum arranged for Zhang Boju and his wife to return to Beijing for the New Year. Zhang Boju specially asked someone to bring Northeast specialties to Chen Yi, four bottles of deer antler wine and two boxes of ginseng candy. After the Spring Festival, Chen Yi invited Zhang Boju to his home to reminisce about the past and invited many old cultural figures to accompany him. During the meal, Chen Yi asked Zhang Boju about his situation in the Northeast with concern and told them to the couple:
"I hope you can make more and greater contributions in Jilin."
What Zhang Boju never expected was that this time the meeting with Chen Yi became the eternal decree for the two of them.
Zhang Boju cried for Chen Shuai and his right eye was blinded
In 1969, Zhang Boju returned to Beijing for some special reasons. He was unable to know Chen Yi's situation at one time. Later, he heard that Chen Yi was seriously ill and was very worried. Once a comrade visited Zhang Boju’s home and said that he was commissioned by Chen Yi to visit Zhang Boju. Zhang Boju hurriedly took the opportunity to ask about President Chen’s condition.
pic丨Chen Yi on the bed
people said that Mr. Chen was hospitalized due to illness and had just undergone a major operation. After the operation, he also had a myocardial infarction, but Mr. Chen survived with strong perseverance. After hearing this, Zhang Boju burst into tears and held the hand of the visitor tightly and said:
"Please tell Mr. Chen on behalf of me, I wish him a speedy recovery!"
This comrade later returned to the hospital to report on the meeting with Zhang Boju this time, and told Zhang Boju about his greetings. Chen Yi ignored his weakness and urgently inquired about Zhang Boju's condition. The comrade was worried about Chen Yi's health and did not tell the truth. He only said that Zhang Boju and his wife were in good condition after returning to Beijing.
Later, this comrade reported the truth to Chen Yi's wife Zhang Qian. Zhang Qian learned about the dilemma and difficulties of Zhang Boju and his wife, and paid special attention and sympathy. In fact, Zhang Boju and his wife's difficulties. Although the comrade did not report truthfully, Chen Yi still learned about the situation from Zhang Qian. When Premier Zhou went to visit him, Chen Yi endured the torture of the illness and told Premier Zhou about Zhang Boju's contribution and current difficulties.
pic丨Letter written by Zhang Boju to Premier Zhou
Zhang Boju had previously written a letter to Premier Zhou explaining his difficulties and asked Zhang Shizhao to pass it over to Premier Zhou. After receiving Zhang Shizhao's letter and Zhang Boju's letter, Premier Zhou quickly issued an instruction:
"Mr. Zhang Boju can be placed as a librarian of the literature and history, I hope to discuss with the head of the Librarian and History Museum."
The day before Chen Yi's death, the Librarian and History Research Museum had drafted a letter of appointment for Zhang Boju and delivered it to the relevant leaders for review. The draft letter of appointment did not indicate the specific date. It is obvious that it was time to wait for the time of delivery to be determined. At Chen Yi's memorial service, Chairman Mao instructed Premier Zhou to take care of Zhang Boju's instructions, which became the "east wind" that everything was ready, and completely changed Zhang Boju's fate.
Although the lives of Zhang Boju and his wife have changed, Zhang Boju's spirit and emotions have been greatly traumatized. Due to the sudden death of Marshal Chen Yi, Zhang Boju often sat alone in the study and cried. Even on the first anniversary of Chen Yi's death, Zhang Boju was in sorrow for several days, and soon afterwards, his right eye became blind.
pic丨Zhang Boju
After his blindness in his later years, Zhang Boju called himself a "blind man" in his works. He always thought that his eyes could no longer be clear. His daughter in Xi'an was thinking about her father's body, so she asked him to go to Xi'an for treatment, and found the most famous doctor in the local area to diagnose Zhang Boju. After surgery, Zhang Boju's eyes miraculously became clear. This unexpected gain of
gradually untie Zhang Boju's heart and his emotions gradually recovered. Later, Zhang Qian asked someone to give the Go that Chen Yi used during his lifetime to Zhang Boju and his wife, and attached a handwritten letter to express his blessings to Zhang Boju and his wife:
"While Comrade Chen Yi was lying on the bed, he asked the two elders to ask him about the situation of the two elders many times. He often said that the two elders' patriotic enthusiasm was very valuable, and he told me to tell Premier Zhou to take care of you more. Now the two elders' problems are happy to be solved. If Comrade Chen Yi is in the dark, he will also get it. I am here to comfort me. Now I will give Comrade Chen Yi the most beloved Go player during his lifetime to the two elders as a souvenir. I sincerely wish you happiness in your later years! "
pic丨Zhang Boju's inscription
Chen Yi was very concerned about Zhang Boju's situation before his lifetime. After his death, Zhang Qian also gave Chen Yi's beloved thing, and the care in it was self-evident. Zhang Boju excitedly held the hand of the visitor tightly and told him:
"Comrade Zhang Qian gave me the most beloved thing Marshal Chen Yi during his lifetime. I felt how precious the most sincere friendship is. Thank you and thank you Comrade Zhang Qian. Please tell me your wishes, wish her health and longevity, and wish her success in her career."
