Core tips: By vertically analyzing the top 50 hot topics of the two sessions in the four years of searching for the top 50 indexes, we can find that "economy and development", "reform and governance", and "people's livelihood" are the hottest topics of the two sessions in previous years; "blockchain", "reform", "Belt and Road" and "law" are the hottest keywords in the four years; in various fields of people's livelihood, the hot topics are different every year, but "sense of gain" is increasingly attracting attention and attention.
National "Two Sessions" are a major event in my country's political life. Representatives and deputies from all over the country gathered in Beijing to discuss the country's true nature. During the "Two Sessions" every year, some topics will make strong sounds because they hit the "string" that the society is most concerned about, and resonate among the people. People will express their views on hot topics through "talking" and will also express their concerns about hot topics through "search". The search traces left by clicking and sliding on the touch screen by fingertips depict the position and appearance of hot topics in the daily life map of people.
This report is based on Baidu big data, and vertically analyzes the top 50 search index hot topics in the two sessions from the four years 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2019 from a time series. This report takes the top 50 hot topics of the annual search index as the analysis object. Through coding, all topics are divided into nine major areas, including "reform and governance", "economic and development", "people's livelihood", "environment", "team construction", "national defense and security", "external relations", "education, science and culture", and "population". Through analysis, we have made the following findings.
"Talks" are similar every year: "Economics and Development", "Reform and Governance" and "People's Livelihood" are the hottest topics of the Two Sessions in 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2019. The hot topics in 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2019 all cover six major areas: "Economics and Development", "Reform and Governance", "People's Livelihood", "Environment", "Team Construction", and "Education, Science and Culture". In 2018, there were no hot topics in the two fields of "National Defense and Security" and "Foreign Relations"; in 2019, there were no hot topics in the field of "population".
The distribution of topics in the nine major fields is rare. "Economics and Development", "Reform and Governance" and "People's Livelihood" are the most popular areas of the two sessions in previous years. On the one hand, the number of hot topics concentrated in these three fields is 66, 45, and 45, respectively, far exceeding other fields (see Figure 1); on the other hand, the search index concentrated in these three fields also constitutes a clear "head". To seek "development" through "reform" and to seek "people's livelihood" happiness through "development" is the "great mission" of contemporary China. Especially in 2018 and 2019, the search index for hot topics in the field of "Economics and Development" reached more than 60% of the total amount that year, indicating that "development" is the strongest voice in the era of China today.
In the above six major fields, "food safety" in the field of people's livelihood, "environmental protection" in the field of environmental, "anti-corruption and integrity" in the field of party building, "state-owned enterprise reform" in the field of national reform and governance, and "educational fairness" in the field of education, science and culture have all appeared steadily in the top 50 hot topics of the year, showing that there is a long way to go to solve the above hot issues.
year-on-year "titles" are different: "Team Construction Year", "People's Livelihood Year", "Foreign Relations Year" and "Education, Science and Culture Year"
Although overall, "reform" and "development" have always been the "highlights" of hot topics of the Two Sessions, judging from the proportion of search indexes for each topic field in the four years of the year (see Figure 2), hot topics of the Two Sessions still have their own characteristics.
2014——Team Construction Year: Whether in terms of the number of topics or the search index, 2014 can be regarded as the "Team Construction Year". There are 6 topics related to "team building" in this year, far exceeding 2016 (2), 2018 (2), and 2019 (1). Driven by the "Three Stricts and Three Realities" ranking first in the search index of this year, the search index of "team building" in 2014 also ranked first in all years (83.50%).
2016—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— The annual search index for hot topics on people's livelihood accounts for 38.28% of the total in the four years. It also ranked first in four years.
2018—— Year of Foreign Relations: Influenced by the hot topics of "big power diplomacy", the search index for hot topics of foreign relations in 2018 accounted for the largest proportion of the total in four years, reaching 61.59%. This year can be called the "year of foreign relations".
2019——Educational and Cultural Year: There are 4 hot topics in education, science and culture in 2019, exceeding 2014 (1), 2016 (2) and 2018 (2). And three of these four topics are related to education. Driven by new hot topics in education such as "preschool education" and "campus safety", the search index of education, science and culture topics accounted for 69.50% of the year. It can be called the "Year of Education, Science and Culture".
Four years hot topic cloud map "Highlights": "Blockchain", "Reform", "Belt and Road" and "Legal"
After processing the keyword segmentation of the four years hot topic keywords, a four years hot topic cloud map (see Figure 3). From this chart, we can see that:
"Blockchain" is the most dazzling technical star among the hot words of the Two Sessions. During the 2018 Two Sessions, Tencent Chairman Ma Huateng, Baidu Chairman Robin Li, Suning Holdings Group Chairman Zhang Jindong, 360 Chairman Zhou Hongyi and other Internet tycoons who are representatives frequently talked about "blockchain", which led to the term becoming one of the hottest keywords in 2018. In addition to "blockchain", new technology keywords such as "5G", "artificial intelligence" and "Internet" are also clearly visible.
"reform" is no less eye-catching than "blockchain". However, unlike "blockchain", reform actually contains reforms of many dimensions, such as supply-side reform, financial reform, state-owned enterprise reform, public vehicle reform, military reform, judicial reform, medical reform, household registration reform, etc. Reform is the dominant path for China's internal development today.
Since President Xi Jinping proposed the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013, both domestic and international, both official and civilian. Since 2016, the "Belt and Road" has been ranked in the top 10 hot topics of the Two Sessions for many years. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 2014 was themed "Comprehensively governing the country according to law". The 2018 "Constitution Amendment" was passed during the National Two Sessions, driving the word "law" to become a prominent word in the word cloud map.
Changes in the hottest topics of the year: Team building - Strategic Direction - New Technology
2014, 2016, 2018, 2019, the top 10 hot topics are shown in Table 1.
2014 hot topic was the "Three Stricts and Three Realities" proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping in his speech on promoting work style construction on March 9, 2014. 2016 is the beginning of the "13th Five-Year Plan". The country's strategic development direction in the next five years is reflected in the "13th Five-Year Plan". Therefore, the "13th Five-Year Plan" ranks first among the hot topics of the Two Sessions that year. The No.1 topics in 2018 and 2019 are related to new technologies, namely "blockchain" and "5G". The evolution of the topic No.1 reveals the implicit logic of "building a team - clarifying the direction - taking new technologies as a starting point to achieve leapfrog development."
People's livelihood topics know the warmth and coldness: "Real Estate" that cannot be cold VS "employment" that has been cold
2014 and 2016 have 13 and 18 people's livelihood topics that entered the top 50 respectively. There were only 5 in 2018 and 9 in 2019. The sharp decline in people's livelihood topics in 2018 and 2019 is closely related to the fading out of topics such as "employment", "medical" and "maintenance".
Specifically, the changes in the focus of various people's livelihood topics show the following characteristics:
: heat-heat-cold-heat. "Real estate tax", "housing", and "real estate market" that appeared among the hot topics in 2014 and 2016 all faded out of 2018. This can be seen as a sign that real estate has been cold under the guidance of the central government's "housing not speculation" policy. However, the topic of "real estate tax" in 2019 "major" returned to the top 50 hot topics of the Two Sessions. This shows that based on the weight of real estate in China's economy and people's wealth, housing/real estate is still an unavoidable topic in China. Especially in recent years, the real estate tax that has "always on the road" not only involves the government's money bags, but also the money bags of millions of people. It is difficult not to become a hot topic!
Employment: hot-hot-cold-cold. At present, employment is still the mainstream way for individuals to obtain material and spiritual wealth needed for survival."Employment" in 2014 and 2016 were both hot topics of the Two Sessions, especially in 2016, the new term "mass entrepreneurship" also ranked among the top 50. There were no hot topics related to "employment" in 2018 and 2019 (Note: Employment focuses on individuals' acquisition of jobs. Although "delayed retirement" and "paid leave" are related to those who are working, they are not related to obtaining jobs, so they are not classified as employment, but are classified as "other").
Education: "Fairness" is an unchanging topic, and "campus safety" and "preschool education" are new hot topics in 2019. Education is always a hot topic in the Two Sessions. Among them, "educational equity" has appeared in the hot topic rankings for many years. In 2019, "preschool education" and "campus safety" ranked among the hot topics. "Campus Safety" on the top 50 rankings may be related to people's attention to the "Red Yellow Blue" kindergarten incident and campus bullying incident in recent years. During the 2019 Two Sessions, a large wave of public opinion caused by the food safety of Chengdu No. 7 Middle School canteen also proves from another perspective that "campus safety" is indeed worthy of attention.
Population: The birth policy is gradually relaxed to respond to hot topics of the Two Sessions. With the advent of an aging society, the family planning policy that has lasted for many years is facing challenges. Except in 2019, population topics have never missed the Top 50 hot topics of the Two Sessions, and have always pointed to the direction of "relaxation of birth policies". From a realistic perspective, from "single two children" to "full two children" to possible birth control in the future, the gradually relaxed population policy is inherently related to the people's concerns about population issues. The call for the two sessions to gradually relax the birth policy has also attracted widespread attention because it responds to the childbirth intentions of some people.
Sense of gain: a new emphasis on people's livelihood in 2019. In addition to the clear topics of food, housing, transportation, employment, medical care and nursing, other topics involve people's sense of gain. In 2014, "price" was a hot topic, and in 2016, the focus on prices was even more on "oil prices". At the same time, "income distribution" also became a hot topic of the year. In 2018 and 2019, neither "price" nor "income" were mentioned, but focused on "fee reduction". The "speed-up and fee reduction" in 2018, the "tax and fee reduction" in 2019, and the "speed-up and fee reduction" in 2019 are all new allocation plans that can improve the public's sense of gain. "Publication" that brings practical convenience to the public and "paid leave" that effectively increases workers' welfare has also entered the Top 50 hot topics in 2019. 2019 is undoubtedly the year that emphasizes the people's sense of gain the most.
Reform and development: High-quality development and ideal China
In four years, there were 45 hot topics in the field of "reform and governance", and these 45 topics include the two words "reform" account for 40%. The reform involves a wide range of areas, but the search index of "state-owned enterprise reform" and "supply-side reform" pointing to the economic field far exceeds the reform topics in other fields. This also reflects from one aspect that the economy ranks first among all reform fields. The hot topics of the two sessions of the four-year Chinese New Year also reflect China's reform, development and progress from one aspect.
New technology: The topics of the two sessions are always sensitive and "responsive" the latest technology. Information technology is the strongest booster of the world economy today. From "Internet" to "virtual reality", from "artificial intelligence" and "blockchain" to "5G" and "big data", the hot topics about new technologies in the next year were both superimposed by previous years, and continued to propose new technological hot topics. This shows that new technologies have become an important driving force for China's development today, and hot topics at the Two Sessions can always respond sensitively to the latest technologies that are changing with each passing day.
Regional development: "Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao", "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei", "Yangtze River Delta Integration" and "Belt and Road". From the "Free Trade Zone" (2014) to the "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area" (2018, 2019), "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Coordination" (2018), and "Yangtze River Delta Integration" (2019), and from the "New Silk Road" (2014) to the "Belt and Road" (2016, 2018, 2019), the "regional coordinated development" practice carried out simultaneously on both domestic and cross-border lines has attracted much attention.
Common prosperity: "poverty alleviation" and "urbanization". Reform and opening up have achieved the goal of making some people rich first. At the same time, problems such as rural decline, farmers' poverty, and agricultural recession have also emerged.The "agriculture" and "new urbanization" in 2014, the "three rural issues", "poverty alleviation" and "new urbanization" in 2016, the "poverty alleviation" in 2018, and the "poverty alleviation", "targeted poverty alleviation" and "three major battles" in 2019 all reflect the country and the people's attention to the "three rural issues", and also reflect that in recent years, the country has attached more importance to fairness while paying attention to development efficiency.
development of "new connotation": "high quality" and "green". Since the reform and opening up, we have emphasized that "development is the hard truth" China's economic and social development has achieved remarkable achievements. In recent years, China's economic transformation and upgrading have given "development" new connotations of "high quality" and "green". "High-quality development" and "green development" have become the development goals pursued by China today.
Author | Distinguished Professor of Changjiang Scholars of the Ministry of Education, Executive Dean, Professor, and Doctoral Supervisor of the School of Journalism and Communication of Beijing Normal University; Professor, Assistant Dean, Doctoral Supervisor of the School of Journalism and Communication of Beijing Normal University
Original title | Analysis of social cognition and hot issues on touch screen
[Note: The cooperative producers of this report are Beijing Normal University School of Journalism and Communication, Baidu Index, Baidu Baijiahao; Teachers, postdoctoral fellows of Beijing Normal University, postdoctoral fellow Yang Ya, Liu Miao, Fang Keren and some 2018 master's students participated in this study]
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