——Real records of the natural, human and geographical landscape of our province, leaving a complete visual archive for history
Wenjia Town is located at the southeast end of Liuyang City , located on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi Province, adjacent to Wanzai County, Yichun City, and Shangli County in Jiangxi Province. 310 roads run across the town, with a superior geographical location and convenient transportation. It is an important border town in the east of Hunan. According to legend, the surname Wen lived here in the Ming Dynasty, and gradually formed a market, which was named after the Wenjia Market.
Wenjia Town belongs to the southwest extension of Jiuling Mountains. There are 12,375 households and 45,403 residents in the town. With a total area of 147.9 square kilometers, it is a mountainous and hilly area with "seven mountains, one water and two fields".
The people of Wenjia City have always had a tradition of loving the motherland and worrying about the world. As early as the early 19th century, Chen Shaoxiu, Chen Shaochang and others went out of the mountains to see the world, went to Changsha and even France to study, and participated in the New People's Society organized by Mao Zedong, Li Hesen and other people to seek the truth of saving the country and the people. In 1917, Chen Shaoxiu and others invited Mao Zedong to Wenjia City for social investigation. Since then, Wenjia City has sown the spark of revolution. On September 19, 1927, Mao Zedong led the Autumn Harvest Uprising and troops to carry out the world-famous "Autumn Harvest Uprising Meeting" in Wenjia City, holding up the first red flag of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and from here to Jinggangshan, taking the first key step to the success of the Chinese revolution.
In 1930, Mao Zedong and Zhu De led a corps to Wenjia City, and cleverly set up ambush in Gaokailing, Jiufeng Temple and other places to completely annihilate the White Bandit Dai Douyuan Brigade. The enemy army did not run away from the brigade commander to the groom. It achieved the glorious results of annihilation of an entire enemy brigade for the first time in the history of the Red First Army War. The "Wenjia City Victory" became a major practice of Mao Zedong's military genius during the early establishment of our party and our army, laying the foundation for the establishment of the First Red Army.
Historically, Wenjia City has always been famous for its gathering of merchants and its market is prosperous. Since the annual Hunan-Jiangxi Border Trade "Cow and Horse Club", the Longtu Temple Fair, and the century-old market, it has been prosperous. After the reform and opening up, it has become more active. There is a rich high-quality coal hidden in the country. Historically, "Wenshi Coal" is well-known and has been sold to the province and outside the province. The fireworks manufacturing industry in Wenjia City began in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the Qing Dynasty, and has a history of thousands of years.
After the liberation, especially since the reform and opening up, the fireworks industry in Wenjia Town has made rapid progress. There are nearly 100 fireworks enterprises in the country, with an annual output of 830,000 boxes of fireworks and 2.187 million boxes of fireworks. The products are sold at home and abroad, and are the number one major fireworks production center in Liuyang. The developed industry and commerce have created the prosperity of Wenjia Town.
Wenjia Town has rich historical and cultural resources, and the cultural landscape and natural landscape are harmonious and harmonious.
Wenhua Academy was founded in the 18th year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1838). It was one of the eight major academies of Liuyang at that time. It was renamed Liren School in 1912, covering an area of 12,074 square meters. Early Communists such as Luo Zhanglong, Zhang Guotao, and Chen Shiqiao once taught here. Revolutionary ancestors such as Hu Yaobang and Yang Yong graduated from this school. The "Autumn Harvest Uprising" meeting held here in 1927 is the former site as a national key cultural relics protection unit and a patriotic education base, with far-reaching cultural connotations and historical significance.
In addition, Wenjia City also has ancient folk houses represented by the surname Xiangtang of Liu, Peng, Lin, Yu, etc., including ancient temple characters represented by Pangu Temple, Luban Temple, Wanshou Palace, God of Wealth , Li Ting Temple, Longtu Temple, General Temple, Guanyin Temple, Huatu Temple, etc., as well as ancient bridges such as Baoning Bridge and Bailing Bridge.
The Peng family house located in Qiaotou Group, Wushen Village, was built in the fifth year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1825). It has a history of nearly 200 years. The entire building complex covers an area of about 4,000 square meters. It was originally surrounded by hundreds of meters of three-fold rammed walls (now remaining part). The main building includes a gate (front building), a middle building and a back building. There are horizontal halls, patios, wing rooms, gardens, and horse farms on both sides. There are more than 100 houses, carved beams and painted buildings, which are ingenious.
As an important town in the border area of eastern Hunan, Wenjia City has always been a battleground for military strategists and has left behind many ancient military sites, famous ones include Tieyan Pass and Xu Fujian. Among them, "Iron Pass" is famous in history as an important pass in "Wu and Chu compete for the front line" in history.
According to legend, Tieyan Pass was built in the Spring and Autumn Period and dominated the major transportation roads between Wu and Chu. It has been destroyed many times in history. By the beginning of Liberation, a three-story pass building and a section of city wall were still there. The pass building and city wall were all made of meadow stone and blue bricks. The lower floor of the Guan Building is an iron gate. The iron gate contains three large running characters "Tieyan Pass" written on it. The couplets on each side include "Southeast Lock Key, Wu Chu's throat". The second floor is a protective building, and there are often guarded by soldiers guarding the border. The third floor is a beacon tower. When encountering major military situations, the sentries in the beacon tower will ignite as a ticker, and the defenders stationed not far away will enter an emergency combat readiness. In 1917, when Mao Zedong came to Wenjia City for social investigation, he went to Tieyan Pass with Chen Shaoxiu and others to visit Tieyan Pass. Tieyanguanguan Tower and city wall were demolished when the Zhounan Highway was built in 1958, and its foundation site is now available.
Wenjia City is located on the border of Wu and Chu. Its folk culture is widely used to learn from Wu and Chu culture. It has a long history and is rich and colorful, including drama, mountain songs, spring gongs, martial arts, etc. Among them, the most famous is drama. The main type of drama in Wenjia City is tea picking opera. The performance forms are usually one man and one woman or one man and two women. The man holds labor tools such as shoulder poles and hoes, and the woman holds flower fans, bamboo baskets, umbrellas, tea sets, etc., singing while singing. The content of the singing is the entire process of tea farmers' labor, from growing tea, picking tea to making tea and selling tea, sometimes interspersed with folk legends and stories, integrating other folk songs and dance vocabulary. The performers sometimes increase to several to ten people. The accompanimental instruments include erhu, flute, suona, big gong, big cymbal, etc. The performance is mainly in the first lunar month. The Lantern Festival is the climax, and it is a folk art that ordinary people like.
Wenjia Town has a high forest coverage rate and dense vegetation. It has a total forest area of 25,245 mu, an animal husbandry land area of 10,065 mu, and a forest storage capacity of 36,500 cubic meters. The rich mountains and forests not only create a good natural environment, but also form a beautiful scenic area. For example, Gaoshengling, the battlefield of "Wenjia City Victory", has beautiful mountains, lush vegetation, birds singing and flowers blooming, and picturesque scenery. Coupled with cultural attractions such as Chen Dazhenren Temple and Banshan Pavilion, it has formed the unique charm of the famous holy place and famous mountains, attracting many tourists. The peaks of Xufujian, Liu (Yang) Wan (Zai) Jieshan are towering, lush and lush, and rugged. The Shaxi River, which originates from the mountains in the territory, is clear all year round, like a jade belt that embraces the beautiful Wenjia City. There is also the Double Ninth Festival tree planted in the Qing Dynasty after Pangu Temple, which has been planted for more than 200 years, with lush branches and lush trunks. In 2002, Wenjia Town was listed as a national ecological benefit forest protection area.
Wenjia Town Zhizai: "The rise of oil cakes in the domain began during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty... At that time, it was not called "oil cakes", but "Erbaku", but it was just an ordinary crisp cake . Because one pound of cake contains two liang of "spicy" (which is equivalent to fermentation for bread), eight liang flour, maltose, white sand sugar, spices, etc., this cake is called "Erbaku". Since "spicy" is not made of water but is made of boiling and cooling with flour, the 28 liang of cake" has begun to have the characteristics and taste of oil cakes, which is much better than other cakes.
After the Opium War, due to war and economic depression, the production of "Erba Su" in Wenjia City withered, and its production skills were even lost. It was not until the Guangxu period that people from Wenjia City went to Anfu County, Anxi Province to invite Master Liu, nicknamed "Zhai Gong", to make cakes through relatives, to regain the fame of "Erba Su". At that time, Liu Zhaigong brought his apprentice Li Wuli, who was only 13 years old, and from then on, the master and apprentice have been making crisp cakes in Wenjia City. Wenjia City is rich in small seed tea oil. Liu and Ben continue to innovate technology and ingredients, and specially try to put the blast furnace cooked crispy cakes into the cooked and cooled tea oil while it is hot. After soaking and absorbing the oil, it floats on the oil and then takes it out and dry. When it tastes, its color, aroma and taste are obviously better than the original crispy cakes. So people change "Erba Crisp" to "oil cakes".
Before liberation, there were more than a dozen oil cake workshops in Wenjia City, the most famous ones were "Yuan Kangli", "Qian Lixiang", etc. In the winter of 1917, when Mao Zedong came to Wenjia City to conduct social investigation, he visited the oil cake workshop and praised it after tasting the oil cake.
Liuyang houses in Wenjia City are generally houses with a hall in the middle and a corridor in front. Some have wing rooms on one side, which are curved and ruled; some have wing rooms on both sides, which are jokingly called "a lock".The hall is also called the main hall, and the houses on both sides of the main hall are called the main hall. There is a main room on each side of the hall called "Three Major Rooms", and there are also "Five Major Rooms", "Seven Major Rooms" and even "Nine Major Rooms". The rich family often live in a courtyard surrounded by two or more buildings in front and back, and horizontal buildings on the left and right. There is a patio in the middle, flowers and trees are planted, and a floor in front. There are gates and walls on the outside, as well as eight-character walls, mountain-character stacks, screen walls, etc. For wealthy families, there are five or even seven inches in front and back. Each room is equipped with a hollow carved screen-style middle door, and each hall is connected by a wooden pillar bracket and double-eaved hip-mounted pavilion. Whenever there are happy events, the middle door will be opened, from the main gate to the upper hall shrine, which is dozens of meters or even more than a hundred meters deep. There are symmetrical horizontal halls on both sides of the main hall, and the hall is connected to the hall. The corridors and lanes connect dozens of houses into a whole. When outsiders enter the house, they are like a maze of people. They know how to enter but not how to exit. They have great architectural and artistic value.
This kind of large house where people live together can be said to be everywhere in Beixiang, Liuyang, like the large house in Peng family in Jiaoxi, which once lived in more than 300 families. This kind of house is grand and magnificent, which is convenient for festive activities. During the Republic of China, wars and floods were frequent, and large houses were mostly damaged.
Note: The article comes from Li Yu Village, Hunan Ancient Village, Li Shiming, written by
Picture comes from the Internet
