As the weather gets cooler day by day, it is the autumn and winter season when various bacteria are concentrated on making trouble!
Pockets are here to summarize several major viruses, symptoms and preventive measures that young children are prone to in autumn and winter. Parents must pay attention to it! !
1
Recently, many children have symptoms of runny nose, coughing, and fever... Xiaoli, who has just entered kindergarten, is no exception.
Mr. Wang, who was on a business trip in another place, received a WeChat message from his wife, saying that his daughter Xiaoli had a fever. Mr. Wang suggested that his wife take her daughter to the hospital for a look. My wife believes that when you go to the hospital for a fever, you have to undergo nucleic acid tests. It is too troublesome and the child suffers again. Xiaoli is just a fever caused by a cold, so just take some antipyretic medicine and cold medicine.
However, a few hours after taking the medicine, the daughter began to cry and kept crying. Mr. Wang’s wife took her body temperature again, at 39.8℃! ?
She was frightened and took her daughter to the hospital to go to the emergency room overnight.
Later the hospital confirmed that Xiaoli had an influenza A.
So far, Xiaoli became the first confirmed case of flu in the class. In the next few days, several more children were diagnosed.
In real life, Mr. Wang’s wife mistakenly treats influenza as common cold , so many parents take it lightly, and even partially delay the best time for treatment. Complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, myocarditis and other complications develop into severe influenza!
so it is very necessary for every parent to understand the difference between common cold and influenza.
Common cold is caused by a variety of viruses and is a self-limiting disease , which usually lasts 7-10 days, and some patients may last up to 2 weeks. The influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the influenza virus . The main infectious diseases of are patients and virus carriers, and the most contagious in the first three days before the onset of the disease.
Compared with the common cold, influenza is onset, with worse systemic symptoms such as joint muscle aches, chills, and fatigue, and the body temperature can reach 39-40℃. How to care for
?
influenza viruses are divided into four types: A, B, C and D. Currently, the main infections are influenza A and influenza B viruses.
Influenza treatment should start anti-influenza virus treatment as early as possible. Antiviral treatment within 48 hours of onset can reduce influenza complications and shorten the course of the disease; severe patients with onset time exceeding 48 hours can still benefit from antiviral treatment.
The commonly used anti-influenza virus drug is oseltamivir , which is effective against influenza A and influenza B. Adults are 75mg each time, twice a day, for 5 days of treatment; children are given according to their weight. It should be noted that it is ineffective against the common cold. How to prevent
?
1. Influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza. is recommended to receive vaccination every year, and vaccination is even more recommended for high-risk groups such as the elderly, children, pregnant women, and chronic patients.
2. Maintaining hand hygiene and maintaining environmental ventilation are also important ways to prevent influenza.
2
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
In addition to influenza, during this period, there is also a popular virus that pediatric hospitals attach great importance to, waiting for opportunities to move. It is - respiratory syncytial virus !
Because it is related to respiratory tract infection and can fuse infected cells, it is called "respiratory syncytial virus".
How terrible is this virus? It is the first pathogenic agent of severe pneumonia in children!
baby girl in Shenzhen caught a cold. At first she was just a little stuffy and occasionally coughed. However, I am in good spirits and I am normal to eat breastfeeding. The family thought that the child was just catching a cold, so they didn't care much.
Two days later, Xiaoyu's cough became more and more serious, her breathing was obvious, and she was a little short of breath.
After her family took her to the hospital for a check-up, the doctor diagnosed her with acute wheezing bronchitis and atomization. But after treatment, Xiaoyu's symptoms still did not improve.
After a day, she still had a fever, and she once reached 38.7℃. What's more serious is that she is getting worse and worse, she eats less breastfeeding, and occasionally vomits.
soon, Xiaoyu was arranged to be hospitalized. However, her condition is still aggravating, not only dyspnea, but also hypoxemia. On the second day of her hospitalization, she was admitted to the PICU (Children's ICU).
In the past week, five children with severe pneumonia have been sent to the PICU of Shenzhen Children's Hospital. Their symptoms and onset process are surprisingly similar to Xiaoyu.
Most of these children have gasps, difficulty breathing, and hypoxia. There were several children who had intubated the trachea due to respiratory failure and got on the ventilator! ?
The culprit for these children to get sick is the respiratory syncytial virus!
Because mild respiratory syncytial virus infection and early symptoms are similar to those of the common cold, it is easy to delay treatment and cause a series of complications.
In developing countries, more than 300 million children under the age of 2 suffer from respiratory diseases due to infection with respiratory syncytial virus every year, of which the death toll is as high as 2.5 million.
Respiratory syncytial virus specifically targets people with weak constitutions. If the child has weak defense, the antibodies produced after cure are short of immune protection, and may even have repeated infections.
The main transmission route of respiratory syncytial virus is droplets and close contact, and can also survive on the surface of objects and the unwashed hand surface for several hours!
It can be said that sneezing can contagious . How to care for
?
In fact, this virus is a bit "just look at the baby" and has a certain degree of self-limitation. Generally, it will start to recover in about 7-12 days.
As long as the child's immune function develops normally and the respiratory symptoms are not serious and does not affect eating, you can take mild care for the baby :
But if you encounter these 4 situations, it is a different matter. You must seek medical treatment immediately!
1. Difficulty in breathing, open the nostrils and breathe hard, the muscles under the ribs or chest are sunken inward, and the breathing frequency is greater than 60 beats/minute.
2, fever >38.5℃, and recurrent fever will occur.
3. Children have poor mental state, such as irritability and refusal to breastfeed; or the desire to eat milk is acceptable, but due to frequent choking and vomiting, the feeding volume drops by more than half.
4. There are symptoms of dehydration, no tears when crying, no urine or oliguria in the diaper for 6 hours, and dry skin. How to prevent
?
Although there is currently no vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus, we can use the following points to prevent it.
1. Wash your hands frequently
Use a seven-step hand washing method, wash with soapy water for more than 15 seconds each time, which can effectively prevent respiratory syncytial virus infection.
Parents should not only wash their children's hands, but also wash their hands frequently to avoid being infected with the virus on their hands before spreading them to their children.
2. Keep the air circulating
Open more windows in the room for ventilation, ventilate for 30 minutes in the morning and afternoon to keep the indoor air fresh.
Let the child breathe more fresh air, which helps dilute the concentration of virus in the nasal cavity and reduces the incidence of infection.
3, Avoid second-hand smoke
Studies have shown that children exposed to "second-hand smoke" environment have a higher rate of respiratory syncytial virus infection.
Therefore, parents should try to avoid their children being in a "second-hand smoke" environment.
4. Stay away from crowded places
When the disease is high, try not to take your children to places like shopping malls, supermarkets, etc., so as to reduce the time between children and the patients.
3
Norovirus
Autumn and winter is only the peak period for respiratory infectious diseases?
is a big mistake!
Entering autumn and winter, it is also the season for children to have high incidence of diarrhea. enterovirus cannot be ignored!
Just last month, , a Harbin school, 16 students were infected with norovirus!
Early, 69 people from Zhejiang University were infected with norovirus:
Once they were infected with norovirus, the child will first vomit mainly, and even vomit frequently. Then, within a few days, diarrhea such as watery stools gradually appeared, accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal pain, fever, drowsiness, and general pain.
Norovirus is an enterovirus that often causes acute gastroenteritis. It has the characteristics of long survival time, strong infectiousness, strong resistance, and can resist high and low temperatures of 60°C.
According to statistics, in China, about 15% of infants and young children under the age of 5 are related to norovirus, which is the second largest pathogen in children's viral diarrhea after rotavirus .
At this time, some parents asked: "The symptoms of rotavirus and norovirus are too similar. How to distinguish them?"
Because the main "attack" of rotavirus is infants and young children under the age of 3, only the baby has symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, fever, etc., it can be basically judged that it is rotavirus.
However, when adults also experience these symptoms, they must be suspected to be norovirus. How to care for
?
If the baby at home is infected with norovirus, parents don’t have to be too nervous.
Remember four words: Use the right medicine!
If you have a fever, take paracetamol or ibuprofen.
If you have diarrhea, take montmorillonite powder. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent the baby from dehydrating. Once dehydrated, you can take rehydration salt.
If you vomit, don’t feed your child a big gulp of water and eat. You can temporarily fast for 1-2 hours, and then try to feed breast milk, water or rice soup in small gulps. Since vomiting is self-limiting, it can be relieved on its own after 12-24 hours, and there is no need to take antiemetic drugs.
If the child experiences symptoms of severe vomiting, diarrhea or even severe dehydration, or continues to have diarrhea for more than 7 days, and has complications such as diarrhea-related benign convulsions, hypoglycemia, electrolyte disorders, myocardial damage, etc., you should immediately take the child to the hospital for professional diagnosis and treatment. How to prevent
?
1, dietary hygiene
Norovirus will die after waiting for 30 seconds in a high temperature environment exceeding 80℃. Therefore, any food must be thoroughly cooked before it can be eaten by the baby, especially seafood and shellfish, and the fruits and melons must be washed and peeled. In addition, do not eat cold dishes that have been left for a long time.
2, Personal hygiene
Develop the habit of washing hands before meals, wash hands as soon as possible when returning home from a public place, and apply soap when washing hands and rub them for at least one minute.
3, Home hygiene
Timely treatment of vomit and excrement, chlorine-containing disinfectant can effectively kill norovirus. If there is uncovered food nearby where vomiting and diarrhea occurs, all food should be discarded.
4, Drinking water hygiene
Drink it and then roll it off and let the child drink raw water or canned pure water for a long time.
5, Public Health
Try not to take your children to crowded public places. Once you have been there, you must wash your hands carefully after returning home.
If the child is infected with norovirus, he will not go to school 72 hours after his condition recovers.
4
Enterovirus
Now this period is also the peak period for hand, foot and mouth disease. Parents who are caught in this kind of worry can be seen everywhere on social software such as Moments and Weibo:
So, why do you get hand, foot and mouth disease?
Hand, foot and mouth disease is an enterovirus infection.
Common viruses are shown in the figure below:
Can’t understand it? It doesn't matter, you don't need to see it one by one. The significance of this picture is that it can make everyone more clearly understand that in addition to the three parts of "hand", "foot" and "mouth", other parts of the body such as upper arms, thighs, face, etc. may also appear. The reason is that the disease-causing viruses are different.
Hand, foot and mouth disease is highly contagious and is mainly infected by close contact with the patient's feces, herpes fluid, nasopharyngeal secretions, saliva, and contact with the contaminated hands, towels, handkerchiefs, cups, toys, tableware, bottles, bedding and other items or environment.
CCTV once reported that the disinfection work of children's "Ocean Ball Park" in a certain place was not in place, resulting in several children suffering from hand, foot and mouth disease.
In addition, the rocking car that children like very much has also become a "potential big player" in the transmission of hand, foot and mouth disease.
Hand, foot and mouth disease and herpes pharyngeal inflammation are also somewhat similar. How should parents judge?
Remember the comparison picture below!
In addition, hand, foot and mouth disease is not a unique disease for children, and adults may also suffer from hand, foot and mouth disease.
Last year, singer JJ Lin became a hot search on Weibo because of "hand, foot and mouth disease that only children under 5 years old will have, and there are more than 70 ulcers in their mouths." How to care for
?
Then let’s talk about daily care for hand, foot and mouth disease:
1. Relieve fever in time
fever caused by hand, foot and mouth generally lasts for 2 to 3 days; if the child’s body temperature is higher than 38.5℃, you can take acetaminophen or ibuprofen to reduce fever. Moreover, these two drugs have certain pain relief effects and can also relieve pain caused by herpes and ulcers to a certain extent.
2. Pay attention to diet
Because herpes in the mouth can cause unbearable pain in children, parents should pay more attention to feed soft or liquid or semi-liquid foods as much as possible. The diet should be light, delicious, and easy to digest, avoiding excessively salty and excessively acidic foods to irritate wounds.
3. The rash should be distinguished
If the herpes in the child have not ruptured, you can choose to apply calamine lotion; but if the herpes are ruptured, you can also apply irritating iodine, and pay attention to keeping the local clean and dry.
Although hand, foot and mouth disease is a self-limiting disease, it will generally heal itself after 7-10 days of disease course, a small proportion of it develops into severe diseases, such as meningitis, myocarditis, etc.
Therefore, when the child has some special symptoms, parents must take their children to medical treatment in time. How to prevent
?
1, vaccination
vaccination EV71 vaccine, the EV71 vaccine has certain preventive effects on hand, foot and mouth disease and herpetic pharyngeal inflammation caused by the EV71 virus.
Although it cannot prevent these two diseases 100%, it can reduce the occurrence of severe illness and death.
2. Cultivate hygiene habits
wash your hands frequently and clean and disinfect your baby's daily necessities frequently. It can reduce the occurrence of infectious diseases transmitted through "faecal-oral".
If the doctor clearly diagnoses hand, foot, mouth or herpetic pharyngeal inflammation, you must go to school after 2 weeks of isolation. Remember to prevent and treat infectious diseases. Isolation is very important!
This is not only for the sake of your own children, but also to avoid the disease from spreading to others again.
Warm tips
The epidemic has not ended yet. Although you can go to the hospital less, you can go to the hospital less, but when your child shows some special or abnormal symptoms, parents must take their children to the hospital quickly!
Facing many viruses, prevention is more important than treatment. In order to protect the health of yourself, your family and children, you must take good care of yourself, maintain social distance, pay attention to diet and personal hygiene, etc., so spread these important knowledge out soon!
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